Section 2: The Greek City-states

Ancient Greece Section 2: The Greek City-States

Essential Questions 1. Where was the center of Greek life? 2. What differences exist between Athens and Sparta?

Key Terms

Polis: the Greek word for a city-state (page 115) Acropolis: a fortified area at the top of a hill in a Greek city-state (page 115) Agora: an open area below the acropolis where people would assemble and where the market was located (page 115) Hoplites: heavily armed infantry soldiers (page 116) Phalanx: a rectangular formation used by hoplites to create a wall of shields (page 116) Democracy: rule of the many (page 118) Oligarchy: rule by the few (page 118) Helots: people captured by the Spartans (page 118) Ephors: a group of five men who were elected each year by the Spartans and who were responsible for the education of the youth and the conduct of all citizens (page 119)

Polis the Greek word for a city-state

Acropolis

a fortified area at the top of a hill in a Greek city-state

Agora an open area below the acropolis where people would assemble and where the market was located

Hoplites heavily armed infantry soldiers

Phalanx a rectangular formation used by hoplites to create a wall of shields

Democracy rule of the many Plato 

Aristotle 

Oligarchy rule by the few

Tyranny rule by the one

Three types of government used in the Greek city-states. Tyranny

Advantage

Disadvantage

Ended rule of aristocrats

Went against the rule of law

Democracy Places power in the hands of the people

Difficult to reach a consensus

Oligarchy

Power in the hands of a few people

Relatively efficient

(pg 118)

Sparta & Athens

(pg 120)

Sparta:

Athens:

oligarchy (with two kings)

king → oligarchy of aristocrats → tyranny → democracy

Ephors a group of five men who were elected each year by the Spartans and who were responsible for the education of the youth and the conduct of all citizens.

Political Reform Reform-minded aristocrats made major changes in the society and politics of early Athens.

Leader Salon

Reforms

Pisistratus

gave aristocrats’ land to the peasants

Cleisthene s

laid the foundations for Athenian democracy by creating a new council of five hundred and by giving the assembly, which was made up of all male citizens, the final authority to pass laws.

cancelled all land debts and freed people who were slaves because of their debts.

The Polis

Center of Greek Life

Group

Political Rights

Adult Males Women & Children

Citizens with Full Political Rights Citizens with No Political Rights

Slaves & Non-Citizens with No Foreigner Political Rights s

Greek Colonies

What were two results of Greek Colonization?

1. Spread the Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean. 2. Led to an increase in trade & industry.

Socrates

(c.469-399 B.C.)  Socrates

Plato Aristotle

(384-322 B.C.)

 Alexander the Great  Aristotle

(c.427-347 B.C.)

Plato The Republic

Philosopher Kings

Society ruled by those motivated by the intellect (2%)

Auxiliary

Society policed & protected by those motivated by courage (2%)

Hoi Polloi

The masses making up society, motivated by their appetites (96%)

(parable) 1. The masses are imprisoned, seeing only the illusions of the puppet masters. 2. The climb out of the cave (through education) is a long & painful journey. 3. Those that leave are thought mad if they return and speak of truth.

Discussion How is the city we live in arranged? Where is the center of the city? In what part are most business activities carried on? Where is the city’s government offices? Where are the residential areas?