From Republic To Empire

Global Studies I

End of the Republic Expansion brought riches but led to slave and allied revolts  Read pages 156 and 157.  Answer these questions: 

 What happened to Tiberius and Gaius

Gracchus? Why?  Describe the new role of the Roman Army.  What did Lucius Cornelius Sulla do?

End of the Republic 

As Rome’s territory expanded, the stability of the Republic declined  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to

attempt reform ○ These wealthy aristocrats tried to help the small farmer ○ They were both killed by fellow members of the Senate  Generals like Cornelius Sulla set a standard for using the military to enforce their political power.

Julius Caesar   

great Roman general that conquered Gaul marched his army across the Rubicon River into Rome. defeated Pompey and Crassus, the other members of the First Triumvirate, and declared himself dictator.  Triumvirate 

 

three people with equal power

Rome’s first true dictator

(ruler with absolute power that is not a monarch)

March 15, 44 BC he was assassinated in the Senate

Rome under Julius Caesar

End of the Republic 



The Second Triumvirate plunges Rome into Civil War again!  Octavian (Grandnephew), Antony (Caesar’s Assistant), Lepidus (Commander of Cavalry)  Dangers of a Vast Empire (Discovery Video) Answer the following questions:  Who is Cleopatra?  Who became the first emperor of Rome?  How did he accomplish this?

Cleopatra’s Suicide  Discovery

Video Clip

Pax Romana (Roman Peace) 

Octavian Augustus ruled with absolute power and began the Pax Romana 



His successors included good and bad emperors

200 year period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire from Euphrates River to Britain. 



Legions maintained roads and navy protected seas encouraging free trade Cultural diffusion: thoughts, customs, and ideas spread throughout the empire.

Roman Emperors 

Caligula  was believed to be

insane. Legend has it he appointed his horse as consul.



Nero  blamed Christians for

starting the fire that burned Rome and committed suicide.

Roman Emperors 

Hadrian  wall built across

Britain to keep the citizens safe from the “barbarians” to the north.



Marcus Aurelius  emperor highlighted

in “Gladiator”  last emperor of the Pax Romana and was known for his interest in philosophy.