Rio Unit 06 Molecular Genetics Assessment

RIO Unit 06- Biology Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology 1. Why is the presence of DNA important for cellular metabolic activities? (Evaluating) A Because DNA directs the production of enzymes

3. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? (Analyzing) A Ribose + phosphate group + thymine B Ribose + phosphate group + uracil

B Because DNA is a structural component of cell walls

C Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil

C Because DNA directly increases the solubility of nutrients

D Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

D Because DNA is the major component of cytoplasm

2. Which nitrogenous bases make up DNA nucleotides? (Knowing) A Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine B Adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine

4. What does DNA contain that RNA does not? (Knowing) A Uracil B Thymine C Cytosine D Guanine

C Adenine, thymine, uracil, and cytosine D Adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil

5. Which type(s) of RNA is/are involved in protein synthesis? (Organizing) A Transfer RNA only B Messenger RNA only C Ribosomal RNA and Transfer RNA only D Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA and Messenger RNA 6. How could the RNA molecule formed during transcription be described? (Analyzing)

A It is complementary to both strands of DNA B It is complimentary to neither strand of DNA

B rRNA C mRNA D RNA polymerase

C It is double-stranded D It is formed inside of the nucleus 10. What is the process in which DNA is copied? (Knowing) 7. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? (Applying)

A Replication

A3

B Translation

B6

C Transcription

C9

D Transformation

D 12 11. Which best describes eukaryotic DNA? (Analyzing) 8. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others? (Evaluating) A Transcription B tRNA

A It floats freely B It is located in the nucleus C It is locate at the ribosomes D It is circular

C Polypeptide D Anticodon

9. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? A tRNA

12. What is produced during transcription? (Generating) A RNA molecules

B DNA molecules

B Inversion

C RNA polymerase

C Point mutation

D Proteins

D Translocation

13. What happens during the process of translation? (Analyzing) A Messenger RNA is made from DNA B The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins C Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA D Copies of DNA molecules are made

16. What does analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allow scientists to do? (Integrating) A Identify similarities in the genomes of different kinds of organisms B Determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive C Compare the phenotypes of different organisms D Cut DNA with restriction enzymes

14. What is the ultimate source of genetic variability? (Analyzing) A Inbreeding B Plasmids C Mutations D Hybridization

15. What is a mutation that involves a single nucleotide? (Knowing) A Chromosomal mutation

17. What is the molecule pictured above? (Applying) A A nucleic acid B A protein C An amino acid D Uracil

18. What is a clone? (Analyzing) A An organism with recombinant DNA B A genetically identical organism C An organism produced in a laboratory D An organism with a genetic deformity

19. Which technique is utilized by scientists to reproduce large quantities of a sequence of DNA in a relatively short amount of time? (Evaluating) A Gel Electrophoresis

20. What is represented by the dotted lines in the diagram above? (Knowing) A Covalent bonds B Ionic bonds C Vander Waals interactions D Hydrogen bonds

21. Which of the following can be used to produce organisms with desirable traits? (Evaluating) I. Inbreeding II. Genetic engineering III. Inducing mutations

B Restriction Enzyme Analysis

A I only

C Polymerase Chain Reaction

B II only

D Southern Blotting

C I and III only D I, II, and III

II They contain recombinant DNA 22. Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to plasmids? (Evaluating) A Made of DNA

III They contain a human gene A I only B II only

B In bacterial cells C II and III only C In animal cells D I, II and III D Circular 24. Which of the following would indicate that the bacteria contain the human gene? (Generating) I They are resistant to ampicillin II They produce the human protein encoded by the human gene III They produce ampicillin A I only B II only C II and III only D I, II and III only

The following reading should be used for questions 23-24. A researcher chooses a plasmid with a gene that confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. She isolates and tries to insert a human gene that encodes for a protein into the plasmid. Next, she transforms bacteria using the plasmid. She then cultures the bacteria on a nutrient medium containing ampicillin. 23. What can the researcher conclude about the bacteria containing the human gene? (Integrating) I They are resistant to ampicillin

25. What has the ability to cut DNA into shorter segments? (Analyzing) A Plasmids B Restriction enzymes C Mutagens D Clones 26. During DNA replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA? (Generating) A TATGA

B UAUGA

B Samples #1 and #3

C ATACT

C Sample #3 only

D ATACA

D Sample #1, #2 and #3

27. Which of the following nucleotide(s) bond(s) with adenine? (Organizing) A Thymine only B Uracil only

30. If the scientist had analyzed mRNA rather that DNA, what percentage of uracil would you expect to find in sample #1? (Generating) A 15%

C Cytosine and guanine

B 25%

D Thymine and uracil

C 35% D 40%

28. Which of the following molecules includes anticodons in its structure? (Organizing) A DNA B Messenger RNA C Transfer RNA D Ribosomal RNA Use the following information to answer questions 29-30. A scientist analyzed several DNA samples to determine the relative proportions of purine and pyrimidine bases. Her data are summarized in the table below: Percentages of Bases in Three Samples Sample G C A T #1 35% 35% 15% 15% #2 40% 10% 40% 10% #3 25% 25% 25% 25% 29. Which sample(s) support(s) the basepairing rules? (Applying)) A Sample #1 only

31. What is an expressed gene? (Applying) A One that functions as a promoter B One that is transcribed into RNA C One that codes for only one amino acid D One that is made of mRNA

32. What are changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information? (Knowing) A Replications

33. How many amino acids can be produced from a single translation of an mRNA strand that is 30 nucleotides long? (Applying) A 30

B Mutations B 10 C Transformations C3 D Prokaryotes D 60

Use the Codon Chart above to answer questions 34-36. 34. Which of the following codons would encode for the alanine amino acid? (Analyzing) A GAU B GCU

C CGC D GUU 35. What is the amino acid sequence formed by the sequence of RNA nucleotides AUGUGG-CUA? (Evaluating) A Methionine-Stop B Tyrosine- Threonine- Aspartate C Methionine- Tryptophan- Leucine D Valine- Glycine- Threonine 36. What is the amino acid sequence formed by the sequence of DNA nucleotides TACAAA-CGT? (Integrating) A Methionine- Phenylalanine- Alanine B Methionine- Leucine- Alanine C Tyrosine- Lysine- Arginine D Leucine- Phenylalanine- Serine