Review For Bio!!!!! Tues! Test

Biology 110 CRN 50507 Summer 2009 Chapters 7, 31, 32, 20 (Will not include Chapter 35) Test Review 1. Be able to recognize the differences between cellular respiration and the photosynthesis reactions. Review Figures 7.5 and 6.6 (if necessary). Cellular respiration Steps: 1. Glycolysis (in cytoplasmic fluid) begins respiration by breaking glucose into 2 molecules of a three- carbon compound called pyruvate. 2. Citric acid cycle (in mitochondria) Completes breakdown of glucose by decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to CO2. a. Function of glcolysis + citric acid cyle to supply oxidative phosphorylation with electrons; hence, ATP is made in small amounts in 1st / 2nd cycles. 3. Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport chain and process called chemiosmosis. Most of ATP generated in cellular respiration is generated by oxidative phosphorylation. NADH, an electron carrier transports electrons to the electron transport chain embedded in the mitochondrion membrane. Photosynthesis Reactions: 1. Light reactions (in thylakoid membrane) Convert light energy to chemical energy and produce O2. Absorb solar energy and convert it to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH. Produces no sugar. 2. Calvin Cycle (in stroma of the chloroplast)- Assembles sugar molecules using Co2 and the energy containing products of the light reactions. a. Carbon fixation- the incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds. After carbon fixation, enzymes of calvin cycle make sugars by further reducing the carbon compounds. NADPH provides electrons for reducing carbon in calvin cycle. ATP provides chemical energy that powers several steps of calvin cycle. DOES NOT NEED LIGHT. 2. Review Section 7.5 Be able to recognize the stages of photosynthesis and cellular respiration; for example, the Calvin Cycle is part of photosynthesis, or cellular respiration. Know what stages use or release oxygen, and what stages use or release carbon dioxide. Stages of photosynthesis release oxygen: Light reactions Stages of Cellular respiration release CO2: Citric acid cycle and Glycolysis 3. Review Section 31.2. Be able to compare and contrast monocots and eudicots. Eudicot-Two cotyledons, Veins usually branched, Vascular bundles arranged in ring, floral parts usually in multiples of four or five, taproot present(goes deep, vertically into soil).

Monocot- One Cotyledon, Veins are parallel, Vascular bundles in complex arrangement, floral parts usually in multiples of three, fibrous root system {in top few centimeters of soil}. (ex. Orchids, Bamboo, Palms, Lilies, grains, grasses) 4. Review Section 31.5 and 6. Be able to match cell types, tissue types and tissue systems from a list. # 1 goes with the 1 under it in the vascular system. Dermal Vascular Ground Epidermis 1.Xylem tissue Parenchyma tissue 2.Phloem tissue Collenchyma tissue Sclerenchyma tissue Parenchyma, guard cells, trichomes (hairs),

1.tracheids and the vessels 2. sieve cells and sieve tube members(companion)

Sclereid

Collenchyma Parenchyma 5. Review Section 31.6 and 32.3. Understand the function of xylem in the plant. Xylem tissue(woody) contains water-conducting cells that convey water and dissolved materials upward from the roots, 6. Review Section 32.5. Understand the function of phloem in the plant. Phloem Tissue contains sieve-tube members that transport sugars from leaves or storage tissues to other parts of the plane. 7. Review Section 20.4-20.8. Be able to match cell types, tissue types and tissue systems from a list. Tissue Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous System Tissue types squamous, Loose Skeletal cuboidal and Fibrous Cardiac columnar Adipose Smooth Cartilage Blood Bone Cell types fibers Neuron 8. Review Section 20.10. Be able to match the organ systems from a list to the descriptions of those systems. Endocrine-Secretes chemicals called hormones that regulate body activities such as digestion, metabolism, growth, reproduction, heart rate, and water balance. Skeletal- Supports body, protects certain internal organs such as brain and lungs, and gives framework for muscles to produce mvmt. Circulatory- delivers nutrients and o2 to body cells and carries carbon dioxide to lungs and metabolic wastes to the excretory organs, the kidneys. Respiratory- Exchanges gases with the environment, supplies blood with o2 and disposes of co2. Muscular-Produces mvmt., maintains posture, and produces heat. Integumentary- protects against mechanical injury, infection, excessive heat/ cold/ drying out.

Lymphatic- returns excess body fluid to the circulatory syst. / functions as part of the immune syts. Immune- Defends body vs. infection/ cancer. Urinary – removes nitrogen –containing waste products from blood/ regulates chem. Make-up, pH, and h2o balance in blood. Digestive- ingests and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates undigested material. Reproductive- Produces gametes/ sex hormones. Fem. Syst. Provides organs to support a developing embryo / glands for producing milk. Nervous- Coordinates body activities by detecting stimuli, integrating info, and directing body’s responses. 9. Be able to identify cells, tissue, tissue system and organ system from a list of names for the integumentary and the digestive system. Integumentary-Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, Adipose tissue, Blood vessels, Oil gland, hair follicle, hair, sweat pore, muscle, nerve, sweat gland. 10.Prepare an essay on the material discussed in one out of these sections in the book: Section 20.2, Section 20.9, Section 20.11, 31.1, 31.14, 31.15, 32.9.