Research Activity.docx

Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES University Town, Catarman, N. Samar Graduate Studies

EDUC 901 ADVANCED RESEARCH APPLIED TO EDUCATION 1ST SEMESTER, SY 2018 – 2019 CHIARA MAYE I. NOTARTE

PHENOMENOLOGICAL

STUDY

DR. VIRGINIA G. BALANON

ON

THE

CASES

OF

HUMAN

TRAFFICKING, A NATURAL PARK KNOWN FOR ITS ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACIES

A. Sample of data transcript of an interview with the key informants identified. When Tonya was 13, she met Eddie (a pseudonym) at the apartment she was living in with her mother in the Dallas, Texas, area. His estranged wife was the property manager. Tonya was classmates with Eddie’s stepdaughter, so the two would often see each other at the apartment and in the local grocery store. It was there that the two first exchanged numbers. “It was a casual relationship at first. You could see there was a mutual connection. I thought he was cute,” Tonya recalled. “I could tell he was really flirtatious with me. We would talk and flirt a lot, but it was not much more than that until we met again when I was 15.”

Things began to change one night when Tonya ran into Eddie at a bar. The two reconnected, the flirting picked up where it left off and Tonya went home with Eddie that night. Tonya was a runaway at the time, so she eventually moved in with Eddie and the two began a relationship. It was a “normal” arrangement at first. Tonya would cook, clean and look after Eddie’s kids from time to time. However, it was when the two were at a party filled with alcohol and drugs that the relationship took a turn. “He approached me and told me in so many words, ‘I want you to have sex with this guy for money,’” Tonya said. “I was very uncomfortable and I kept saying no, I didn’t want to do it. He kept telling me, ‘If you love me, you’ll do this. It’s just one thing. Just try it.’”

After nearly 30 more minutes of constant pressure, Tonya agreed to have sex with the man. What she thought would be a one-time thing became an everyday routine for the next few weeks. Night after night and bar after bar, Tonya would go out with Eddie while he advertised her to potential “suitors.” Tonya thought she loved him. She felt she could deal with the physical toll the trafficking took on her body. It turned out that the hardest part to deal with was the emotional and psychological effects. “Being able to sleep with that many people and live with myself and get up every day and keep doing it and just lying there being helpless was so hard,” Tonya said.

Help eventually came for Tonya in the form of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) Special Agent Keith Owens. The Grand Prairie, Texas police department had received a tip about Eddie’s crimes and passed the case on to HSI Dallas. Owens and his team took over, moved in and arrested Eddie.

B. Analysis of the Data As sex trafficking victims become part of the industry they not only lose their freedom, but also experience multiple traumatic events caused by one or more perpetrators. Typically, traumatic experiences start immediately, and victims are introduced to the industry through abuse such as gang rapes, threat, and beatings to break them in and gain power and control (O’Brien et al., 2013). Victims find themselves trapped or are physically limited to specific areas (Vindhya & Dev, 2011) and are forced to provide sexual services. Victims’ freedom is taken by the use of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, which results in powerlessness and helplessness in every aspect of their lives (Faulkner et al., 2013). They lose their autonomy, voice, right to make decisions, and are completely isolated, which often makes victims completely reliant on their trafficker(s) (Herman, 1997). isolation puts victims at short and long term physical and psychological health

risks.

Post-traumatic

stress

disorder,

depression,

anxiety,

dissociative disorders, and substancerelated disorders are some of the prevalent diagnoses of sex trafficking survivors (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2008; Zimmerman et al., 2003; Zimmerman & Watts,

2004). Victims’ physical health is jeopardized by malnutrition, exposure to unsanitary conditions, unprotected sexual acts, and lack of medical care (Zimmerman, Hossain, & Watts, 2011). This environment can result in detrimental health outcomes including sexually transmitted infections and diseases, unsafe abortions and consequences related to them, physical injuries (broken bones, nerve damage, dental complications), headaches, exhaustion, pelvic pain, stomach pain, and dizziness (Cwikel, Chudakov, Paikin, Agmon, & Belmaker, 2004; Gajic-Veljanoski & Stewart, 2007; Zimmerman et al., 2011). Control and power. A significant part of victims’ experiences in the industry is the loss of control and power. Initiation into the industry begins with traffickers and pimps gaining control and power over victims as the primary strategy to manipulate and profit from victims. For instance, pimps may gain control by threatening to harm victims’ loved ones if they do not comply. Another commonly used control tactic is to take away victims’ documentation (Gajic- 1424 The Qualitative Report 2018 eljanoski & Stewart, 2007). Not having proper documentation and/or being considered illegal in the destination country limits victims’ ability to seek assistance due to a fear of being detained and legally charged. These events make it common for victims to experience helplessness, to be isolated, and fear for their life. Therefore, they are more susceptible to abide by the rules established by the pimps, which makes it more difficult to exit the sex trafficking industry.

Objectification. Within the sex trafficking industry victims are treated as sexual objects. Their primary role is to provide sexual gratification to customers and pimps (Dahal et al., 2015), and this role results in minimizing or neglecting other identities. Over time, victims internalize the message that their only value is selling their bodies to meet the sexual and financial needs of those profiting from the industry. This objectification often results in victims devaluing who they are as a person and dismissing their competencies (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). It also promotes lack of selfworth, increased self-hatred, greater feelings of hopelessness (Downs, James, & Cowan, 2006), can place one at risk for suicidality (Dahal et al., 2015), and other mental health issues including disordered eating and depression in women (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Moradi & Huang, 2008). Ultimately, objectification implies to victims that they are unworthy of better treatment, they are inferior to others, and that their only value is their ability to provide sexual services. Substance Use. In response to repeated trauma, victims report seeking relief through specific coping strategies. Unfortunately, many of the strategies victims engage in are destructive (i.e., alcohol, drugs, self-harm, suicide attempts). Alcohol and drug use are common coping mechanisms that victims implement in an attempt to deal with stressful and traumatic daily life events and to numb the pain of their experiences. Being isolated, controlled, and limited in their resources and connections, victims lack the ability to access and use more effective coping techniques. Victims also report substance use to meet the demands of the industry. For example,

victims may use alcohol as a way to feel warm while on the streets in winter or take drugs that promote alertness to sustain longer hours (Zimmerman et al., 2011). Finally, addictive substances may be forced upon victims by traffickers for several purposes (e.g., abduction, preventing escape); the primary goal is controlling victims. Although there are numerous reasons victims may use addictive substances, what is consistent is that substance use is high in the industry and thus a common part of trafficking victims’ experiences. Substance use poses many risks for victims such as increased risk-taking behaviors, addiction to substances, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and health risks due to unsafe drug administration (Zimmerman et al., 2011).

RETRIEVAL STUDIES OFTEN TAKE MULTIPLE RESEARCH DESIGNS DEPENDING ON THE NEEDED DATA. YOU ARE INTERESTED AT RETRIEVING CHILDREN’S VERSES IN THE 80’S.

A. Develop a dissertation title. Children’s Verses in the 80’s: Its impact to the millennial learners. B. Discuss its significance in today’s classroom with emphasis on MTB-MLE and the DepEd leadership. Learners learn easily if they are comfortable with the language they are using inside the classroom. If they can relate to t language, then they could express freely all their ideas. Children’s verses from the 1980’s tend to be simple and easy to be understood. If these would be used in teaching the millennial learners there’s a greater possibility that the learners could easily learn and comprehend the lesson.

C. Describe the research design. Ethnographic research is probably the most familiar and applicable type in this study. Buy which, the researcher will immerse his/herself to the target participants and experience the environment first hand. In this study, to be able to know the impact of the integrating Children’s verse in the MTB-MLE subject of the

students the researcher must be present or he/she would be the one to administer it in order for him to see the effects. D. Discuss its scope and limitations. The research focuses on the impact of Children’s Verses to the millennial learners in teaching MTB-MLE subject. The respondents will include grade 2 pupils and their advisers.