Reproductive System Period 8

Reproductive System Doctors: Gynocologists: Ms. Amairani Ms. Karina Urologist: Mr. Matthew

Reproductive System

The system of organs and parts which function in reproduction consisting in the male especially of the testes, penis,seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra and in the female especially of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva

Male Hormones

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FEMALE HORMONES

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The Menstrual Cycle • •

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Menstruation is a very complicated process involving many different hormones, the woman's sex organs and the brain. A woman's internal sex organs consist of two ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, the uterus (womb) and the vagina. The ovaries contain the eggs with which the woman is born and, during each period, a single egg will usually ripen and mature due to the action of hormones circulating in the bloodstream. When the egg is mature it bursts from the ovary and drifts through the Fallopian tube down into the uterus. The lining of the uterus - the endometrium - has been thickened by the action of hormones and made ready to receive the fertilised egg. If the egg is fertilized and the woman becomes pregnant, it will fasten itself onto the endometrium. If the egg is not fertilized, however, resultant hormonal changes cause the endometrium to slip away and menstruation begins.

Puberty •

• In Males • Puberty usually begins with the testicles and penis getting bigger.  • Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.  Muscles grow, the voice deepens, and acne and facial hair develop as puberty continues. • In Female • The first sign of puberty is usually breast development.  • Other signs are the growth of hair in the pubic area and armpits, and acne. • Menstruation (or a period) usually happens last.  •

Fertilization Occurs When A Sperm Cell Joins An Egg Cell •

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The long journey to fertilization must be completed within 12 to 48 hours, before the sperm die. They must first cross the barrier of the cervix, which will be thin and watery if the woman has just ovulated (for our purposes, we will assume that sexual intercourse has occurred within a couple of hours after ovulation). Once the sperm have traversed the cervical mucus, they travel up the moist lining of the uterus into the Fallopian tubes (only one of the Fallopian tubes contains an egg, so many sperm travel in the wrong direction). Fewer than 1,000 sperm out of the millions in the semen actually reach the Fallopian tubes. Many sperm surround the egg in the Fallopian tube. The head of each sperm (acrosome) releases enzymes that begin to break down the outer, jelly-like layer of the egg's membrane, trying to penetrate the egg. Once a single sperm has penetrated, the cell membrane of the egg changes its electrical characteristics (depolarizes). This electrical signal causes small sacs just beneath the membrane (cortical granules) to dump their contents into the space surrounding the egg. The contents swell, pushing the other sperm far away from the egg (cortical reaction). The other sperm die within 48 hours. The cortical reaction ensures that only one sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg is now called a zygote. The tube. By approximately four days after fertilization, the zygote has about 100 cells and is depolarization caused by sperm penetration results in one last round of division in the egg's nucleus, forming a pronucleus containing only one set of genetic information. The pronucleus from the egg merges with the nucleus from the sperm. Once the two pronuclei merge, cell division begins immediately. The dividing zygote gets pushed along the Fallopian called a blastocyst. When the blastocyst reaches the uterine lining, it floats for about two days, finally implanting in the uterine wall by the sixth day after fertilization. Once implanted, the blastocyst secretes hCG, which rescues the corpus luteum and signals that a successful pregnancy has begun.

Fertilization Occurs When A Sperm Cell Joins An Egg Cell

Sexually Transmitted Disease • •

List of Diseases Chlamydia ,Gonorrhea ,Herpes , Hiv/Aids/, Hpv ,Syphilis ,Tricomoniasis, and more

• So Guys Use A Condom! •

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Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby. If you have an STD caused by bacteria or parasites, your health care provider can treat it with antibiotics or other medicines. If you have an STD caused by a virus, there is no cure. Sometimes medicines can keep the disease under control. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs.