Reproductive System

Reproductive system

Male

reproductive system.

Female

reproductive system.

testis Genital excurrent ducts Accessory sex glands penis

bladder

Seminal vesicle

prostate Bulbourethral gland

Corpus cavernosum

Ductus deferens Corpus spongiosum

Ductus epididymis Efferent ductule Rete testis Straight tubule Seminiferous tubule

epididymis

testis Tunica vaginalis

一、 testis summary  tunica albuginea→septum  lobules of testis  in each lobule, consist of seminiferous tubules.  CT stroma , contains interstitial cells .

Testis& epididymis

（一） seminiferous tubule seminiferous epithelium Supporting cells/ sertoli cells Spermatogenic cells

Seminiferous tubule

Basal lamina spermatogonium Primary spermatocyte Sertoli C spermatid

1.Spermatogenic cells • spermatogonium • primary spermatocyte • secondary spermatocyte • spermatid • spermatozoa

spermatogenesis

（ 1 ） spermatogonium location: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi.  round ， organells poorlydeveloped  differentiate into primary spermatocyte

A型

B型

spermatogonia

（ 2 ） primary spermatocyte  attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia.  large.  after 1 st meiotic division ， produce 2 secondary spermatocyte 。

Primary spermatocytes

（ 3 ） secondary spermatocyte Not easy to be seen in section. After the second meiotic division ， form 2 spermatids.

（ 4 ） spermatid adjoining to the lumen. No division ， undergo extensive cell remodeling , as they differentiate into sperm. this process is called spermiogenesis 。

（ 5 ） sperm Shaped pollywog ， divide into head sperm & tail sperm 。 head: nucleus+acrosome 。 In acrosome, variant acrosomal enzymes. tail: motile equipment .

sperm

sperm

2. supporting C Sertoli C.  stained lightly ， nucleulus is obvious 。  sides with tightly junction.  support , nutrient spermatogenic cells.

Supporting C

Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier ：  The structure , prevent large molecular substances exchange between the blood and the seminiferous tubule.  costituents ： endothelium & basal lamina of cap. 、 CT 、 basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C .  Tight - junction is the essential constituent

（二） interstitial C  Leydig C, In group, large , polygonal, highly eosinophilic .  Steroid-secreting C: elaborate sER, Mit. With cristae. Secret testosterone/androgen

Interstitial C

Functions of leydig C  maintain spermatogenesis & secondary sex characteristics. Be responsible for the development of genital organs in male. Keep sex capability.

（三） straight tubule & rete testis  Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis ,where seminiferous tubule assume a short straight course.  Rete testis: the straight tubule empty into the rete testis, an anastomosing channel system within the mediastinum.  Sperm produced in seminiferous tubule pass by straight tubule & rete testis , leaving testis and arriving in epididymis .

Rete testis

Straight tubule

seminiferous tubule

二、 epididymi summary s  head 、 body & tail.  head: efferent ductules.  body & tail: dutus epididymis.

1. efferent ductules  8-12 ， continuous with rete testis  Epi.=high columnar C+low columnar C  Lumen is irregular  cilia is present.

efferent ductules

2. dutus epididymis 4-6m ， highly convoluted  pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi.=principal C + basal C  lumen is regular ， filled with sperm & secretions  the proximal , efferent ductules; the distal, ductus deferens.

dutus epididymis

Epi. dutus epididymis

三 ductus deferens mucosa+muscular wall + adventitia pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi.=principal C + basal Cinner muscular wall :longitudinal,middle circular, outer longitudinal SMC

Ductus deferens

Ductus deferens

summary • ovary: produce ovum & secret steroid hormones. • uterine tube: transport ovum+fertilization • uterus: where embryonic & fetal development occurs. • vagina • external genitalia

一、 ovary • capsule ： epithulium + albuginea. • parenchyma ： cortex + medulla • cortex ： ovarian follicles + CT. • medulla ： LCT + elastic f + blood vessels

ovary

（一） ovarian follicle • Follicle = an oocyte + surrounding follicle cells. • 4 steps : primordial 、 primary 、 secondary and mature follicle 。

1. Primordial follicle • location: beneath the albuginea. • small & more. • primary oocyte + follicle C • primary oocyte : round , eosinophilic.

ovary ovary

Primordial Primordial follicles follicles

Primordial follicle

2. Primary follicle • primary oocyte. • Follicle C→proliferate ， squamous→cuboidal or columnar ， simple→stratified. • Zona pellucida: homogeneous.

Cortex Cortex of of ovary ovary

3. Secondary follicle • Primary oocyte: size increase to the apex. • antrum: follicular fluid, 6 ～ 12 layers of granulosa cells.

Secondary follicle

Follicle C : granulosa C. stratum granulosa ： formed by several layers of granulosa C , the wall. Cumulus oophorus ： primary oocyte + zona pellucida + corona radiata + granulosa C. protruding into the antrum

antrum Cumulus oophorus

Granulosa

cells

4. Mature follicle • secondary follicle→mature follicle • follicular fluid • the wall • move towards the surface of ovary. • primary oocyte →secondary oocyte

Mature Mature follicle follicle

Mature Mature follicle follicle

（二） ovulation • Mature follicle rupture ， secondary oocyte + corona radiata + zona pellucida + follicular fluid, expelled from the follicle.

fate of secondary oocyte after ovulation • In 24h, degenerate and dispear if not fertilizing. • Or else ， go on with the 2nd meiotic division ， form haploid mature ovum.

（三） corpus luteum 1. Definition : after ovulation ， the wall ,residual stratum granuloma , thrown into deep folds as follicle collapse. Appears as clusters of cells, yellow in living.

2. Functions of luteal cells • granulosa lutein C ： progesterone • theca lutein C ： estrogen

二、 uterine tube •infundibulum+ampulla+isthmus+uterine part • lumen is irregular • wall= mucosa+muscularis+serosa • mucosa= simple columnar Epi.+basal lamina • Epi.= secretory C + ciliated C • muscularis : inner circular, outer longitudinal SM

Uterine Uterine tube tube

Mucosa Mucosa of of uterine uterine tube tube

Mucosa Mucosa of of uterine uterine tube tube

三、 uterus • body+fundus+cervix •wall=endometrium+myometrium +perimetrium

uterus uterus