Report - Third Gnn Development Workshop

Third Workshop to Develop the GNN May 26-27, 2005 Saarbrücken, Germany

Organized by:

Sponsored by:

National Science Foundation

Bühler

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

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Acknowledgements

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Introduction

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Program Overview

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Information Sessions

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Working Group Sessions

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Prototype Projects

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Conclusion

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Next Action Steps

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Appendix: Participant List

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Executive Summary The Global Nanotechnology Network (GNN) is an international network of nanotechnology stakeholders dedicated to: (1) facilitating an effective exchange of scientific, technical and educational information; (2) enhancing access to critical nano-related resources; and (3) promoting global collaborations in nanotechnology research and education. The GNN initiative was established in 2001. The first GNN development workshop in Cancun, Mexico identified the need for a global infrastructure for enhancing international collaborations in nano research and education. The second workshop, held in Yokohama, Japan in 2003, identified common interests and created broad-based international support for the project. The third GNN workshop was held in Saarbrücken, Germany May 26-27, 2005. Co-organized by US, Asian, and European partners, the event hosted some 80 participants from 25 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and the United States. The European Commission was also represented. Four areas of common global interest constitute the four strands of the GNN: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Research Facilities Education Database

During information sessions, nanotechnology leaders from Europe, Asia, and the Americas presented overviews of nanotechnology development initiatives in their regions. Regional panels offered a more comprehensive view into each region. These sessions provided an opportunity for participants to share best practices and offer new ideas for increasing international cooperation and building research and education capacity worldwide. During working sessions, participants were assigned to international working groups that cut across sectors and disciplines. Each group was asked to produce an expandable prototype project in one of the four strand areas of the GNN. The groups produced five prototype projects which yielded a number of common goals that can feasibly be implemented in the next few years. A GNN flagship initiative called Global School for Advanced Studies (GSAS) is now being established to incorporate these common goals and guide the future development of the GNN. This cross-cutting initiative will jump-start the development of the GNN strands and lay the groundwork for future GNN activities. An Executive Committee and an Advisory Board are currently being established to lead the GSAS. Chang and his colleagues are working to identify institutions, industrial partners, agencies, researchers, and educators worldwide to support and participate in this initiative. Funding is being requested from a number of international agencies. A GNN implementation meeting is planned to launch the GSAS, involve more international members, appoint GNN leaders, and discuss matters relating to GNN membership and funding. http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org

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Acknowledgements We wish to thank all the organizations and individuals who helped to make this event a success. Major funding was provided by the United States National Science Foundation, and the Bühler Group. Additional support was provided by the Northwestern University Materials Research Institute, the National Institute for Materials Research (NIMS), the INM – Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, and the CC-NanoChem Network of Excellence. Outstanding administrative and technical support was provided by the staff of the Leibniz Institute for New Materials and the CC-NanoChem Network of Excellence, in particular Mario Quilitz, Marius Koelbel, Diana Loeb, and Franz Frisch. We would also like to thank Martin Schubert of CC-NanoChem and Jennifer Moncel of the Northwestern Materials Research Institute for their excellent organization of the event. We especially thank all of the participants for sharing their valuable experience and leadership to develop the Global Nanotechnology Network. We look forward to working with all of you in the near future.

Sincerely,

The International Organizing Committee Robert P. H. Chang Materials Research Institute, Northwestern University Helmut Schmidt INM – Leibniz-Institute for New Materials and CC-NanoChem Network of Excellence Masahiro Takemura National Institute for Materials Science and the Nanotechnology Researchers Network Center of Japan

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Introduction What is the GNN? The Global Nanotechnology Network (GNN) is an international network of nanotechnology stakeholders dedicated to: (1) facilitating an effective exchange of scientific, technical and educational information; (2) enhancing access to critical nano-related resources; and (3) promoting global collaborations in nanotechnology research and education. The guiding principles of the GNN are joint ownership, universal participation, and service to global society. The GNN has been holding workshops which brought together nanotechnology leaders from around the world to generate practical plans for building the GNN. This dynamic development process has been energizing interactions and creating novel synergies among scientists, educators and government representatives from all parts of the world.

Why Nanotechnology? By the year 2015, it is estimated that newly derived technologies and products based on nanoscience and nanoengineering will generate at least $1 trillion/year worldwide in new business in areas ranging from pharmaceuticals to new materials for electronics, transportation, and infrastructure.1 Such new technologies promise to improve the quality and sustainability of agriculture, healthcare, energy usage, global security, and much more. Worldwide, some two million nanotech workers will be needed to sustain these new businesses. Fifty countries already have initiatives in nanoscale research, of which Japan, the U.S. and Western Europe have the largest comparable investments totaling $3 billion/year. Continued progress in nanotechnology is increasingly dependent on collaborative efforts that pool resources, share best practices, and reduce costs. Novel partnerships are required to advance interdisciplinary science literacy worldwide and create new research that will meet global needs in critical areas such as energy efficiency, environmental protection, and health care.

GNN Development The GNN initiative was established in 2001. The first GNN development workshop in Cancun, Mexico identified the need for a global infrastructure for enhancing international collaborations in nano research and education. The second, held in Yokohama, Japan in 2003, identified common interests and created broad-based international support for the project. The 3rd GNN workshop was held in Saarbrücken, Germany May 26-27, 2005. Co-organized by US, Asian, and European partners, the event hosted more than 80 participants from 25 countries.2 The meeting consisted of information sessions and group planning sessions. Prototype projects were created in the four strands of the GNN: (1) Research, (2) Facilities, (3) Education, and (4) Database. 1

Roco, M.C. “National Nanotechnology Initiative to Advance Broad Societal Goals.” MRS Bulletin (June 2003).

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Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and the United States. The European Commission was also represented.

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Program Overview Wednesday, May 25: Welcome Reception Thursday, May 26: Information Sessions Opening Remarks “The Importance of Technology Transfer and Networking for Nanotechnology,” Helmut Schmidt, Institute for New Materials and CC-NanoChem Network (Germany) “GNN Vision and Implementation”, R.P.H. Chang, Materials Research Institute, Northwestern University (US) Session 1: Nanotechnology in the Asia/Pacific Region Session Chair: Helmut Schmidt, Institute for New Materials (Germany) Keynote Lecture: Kazunobu Tanaka, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan). Panel Facilitator: Ilesanmi Adesida, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign (US) Panelists: C. Jagadish (Australia), Xing Zhu (China), N. Kishimoto (Japan), Han-Jo Lim (Korea), JoWon Lee (Korea), Allison Downard (New Zealand), M. K. Wu (Taiwan) Session 2: Nanotechnology in the Americas Session Chair: Masahiro Takemura, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan) Keynote Lecture: Mihail Roco, National Nanotechnology Initiative (US). Panel Facilitator: Elisabeth Csoregi, Lund University (Sweden) Panelists: Oscar Malta (Brazil), Peter Grutter (Canada), Nils Petersen (Canada), Ahmed Busnaina (US), Gerhard Klimeck (US) Session 3: Nanotechnology in Europe Session Chair: Gerd Bachmann, VDI-Technologiezentrum GmbH (Germany) Keynote Lecture: Raymond Monk representing Ezio Andreta, Director for Industrial Technologies, European Commission. Panel Facilitator: Dawn Bonnell, University of Pennsylvania NSEC (US). Panelists: Francoise Roure (France), Harald Fuchs (Germany), Georgio Rossi (Italy), Dan Dascalu (Romania), Erika Kalman (Hungary); Josep Samitier (Spain), Sebastian Lourdudoss (Sweden), Ottilia Saxl (U.K.) Session 4: GNN Development Focus Talks Session Chair: R.P.H. Chang, Northwestern University (US) Focus Talk 1: Nano Research – J.W. Weener, University of Twente, Frontiers Network (Netherlands) Focus Talk 2: Nano Facilities – Derrick Mancini, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory (US) Focus Talk 3: Nano Education – Gordana Popovic, Research Training Networks, Research Directorate General, European Commission Focus Talk 4: Nano Database - Masahiro Takemura, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan)

Friday, May 27: Working Group Sessions

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Information Sessions The information sessions opened with keynote talks by nanotechnology leaders from Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Dr. Mihail Roco of the US National Science Foundation and the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) presented a talk entitled “The NNI and an International Perspective” in which he discussed the current activities and future objectives of the NNI, societal implications of nanotechnology, and an Speakers from left to right: R. Monk (EC) G. Popovic (EC), K. Tanaka international perspective of nano-related R&D. (Japan) and M. Roco (US)

Dr. Kazunobu Tanaka of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) presented a talk entitled, “Nanotechnology in the Asia-Pacific Region,” in which he gave an overview of Japanese Nanotechnology strategy, programs and infrastructures, introduced the activities and networking capabilities of the Asia Nano Forum (ANF), and offered suggestions for global collaboration. Dr. Raymond Monk of the Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies Unit of the European Commission presented a talk entitled “Nanotechnology in Europe” in which he discussed nanotechnology’s potential for problem-solving and economic development, surveyed the European R&D landscape and introduced Europe’s “integrated and responsible approach” to building capacity in nanotechnology research and education.

K. Tanaka of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Japan

M. Roco of the US National Science Foundation and the National Nanotechnology Initiative

R. Monk of the European Commission DG for Research, Nanotechnology Unit

Regional panels followed each keynote talk. Panelists from Asia, Europe, and the Americas fielded questions relating to nanotechnology funding, human resource and infrastructure development, and facilities sharing. Participants were also able to share best practices in collaborative research and nanotechnology education and raise open-ended questions to be addressed during the Working Group Sessions the following day. Several panelists prepared presentations describing nanotechnology capacity in their respective countries and regions. These can be viewed at http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org.

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Several European panelists (left to right): F. Roure (France), J. Samitier (Spain), and O. Saxl (UK)

Some Asia-Pacific panelists (left to right): C. Jagadish (Australia), N. Kishimoto (Japan), J.W. Lee and H.J. Lim (Korea), and M.K Wu (Taiwan)

Some Americas panelists (left to right): M. Roco (US) N. Petersen (Canada), O. Malta (Brazil). P. Grutter (Canada), and A. Busnaina (US)

The final session offered a series of Focus Talks related to the four strands of the GNN. Dr. J. W. Weener of the University Twente MESA+ Research Institute discussed key issues and challenges relating to collaborative research. He identified important characteristics of successful research networks, described several existing research networks operating at the national and European levels, and offered suggestions for optimizing research collaborations. Dr. Derrick Mancini, of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory introduced issued relating to facilities access. Using the Department of Energy’s Nanoscience and Nanotechnology User Facilities as an example, Dr. Mancini discussed various means of enabling user access (i.e. Telepresence, Telecollaborator, Access Grid, etc.) as well as the GNN’s potential role in coordinating access for research and education purposes. Dr. Gordana Popovic of the European Commission, Research Directorate General described how the European Union is addressing key challenges in education and research training such as increasing the number of qualified researchers, raising the interest of young people for scientific studies, revisiting the educational and research system, and helping researchers become more mobile across sectors, disciplines and geographic boundaries. Dr. Masahiro Takemura of the Nanotechnology Researchers Network Center of Japan (Nanonet) and the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) discussed issues relating to the development of a global nanotechnology database. Dr. Takemura described the Nanotech Lab Database currently under development by Nanonet and discussed the possible development of a global database for promoting interdisciplinary and international research collaborations.

J. Weener, Frontiers Program, (Netherlands)

D. Mancini, Argonne National Laboratory (US)

G. Popovic Commission)

(European

http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org

M. Takemura, Nanonet (Japan)

NIMS

and

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Working Group Sessions On Day 2, participants were assigned to crosscutting working groups. Each group was challenged to identify a strategic prototype project that might be undertaken by the Global Nanotechnology Network. The criteria for the prototype project were as follows: 1. Pertain to one of the four strands of the GNN □ □ □ □

Research Facilities Education Database

2. Have a global scope 3. Include an implementation plan for year one (immediate feasibility) 4. Expandable

These prototype projects are summarized in the next section. Group recommendations for developing GNN structure and capacities are also included.

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GNN Prototype Projects Project 1: Database Development Working Group Members □ Masahiro Takemura, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan) □ Elizabeth Csoregi, Lund University and Nano2Life Network (Sweden) □ Andrew Pike, INEX: Nanotechnology Exploitation (UK) □ Tsung-Tsan Su, Nanotechnology Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan) □ Gerd Bachmann, VDI-Technologiezentrum GmbH (Germany) □ Regine Hedderich, FZ Karlsruhe GmbH and NanoMat Project (Germany) □ Matthias Mallmann, NanoBioNet Center of Excellence in Nanobiotechnology and Nano2Life Network of Excellence (Germany) □ Chang-Tze Hu, National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan(Taiwan/Germany) Summary Members agreed on the importance of establishing a global nanotechnology database. They also agreed that the mission, design and contents of the database should be based on user needs. This discussion did not limit or define all user types but did identify researchers, policy makers, and registered GNN members as potential user groups. Database content was assumed to be suitable for general users seeking basic information about research institutes and countries. The database should contain information as follows: research areas, facilities, research programs, research accomplishments, sponsors, researchers, networks or consortiums, programs for promoting spin-off or spin-out, education programs, job offers, contact information, and so on. International collaboration programs should also be included. The categories of information should be systematically connected with one another, especially in terms of research, facilities, and education (information on business should be treated carefully because of their competitive aspects). There are several difficulties in its maintenance, and establishment of updating systems will be a key to success. So far, unfortunately there seems to be no appropriately updated national nanotechnology databases. Furthermore, if it is expanded globally, the language problem will become inevitable. There is much information that has not yet been translated into English, especially in Asian countries. The following actions are proposed: Action 1: Make a link list of existing databases and network of key persons The first thing to do is to make the link list of existing representative databases on nanotechnology and the network of their key persons and the GNN partners. http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org

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Action 2: Continue discussion by referring to existing databases There are several databases at the national level, and they should be utilized as much as possible. For example, the Nanotech Map under construction by the Nanotechnology Researchers Network Center of Japan is regarded as a potential prototype of the global nanotechnology database. We recommended referring to such databases and continuing our planning discussions. Action 3: Identify potential funding sources Funding must be secured before these issues can be effectively addressed. Each partner should seek funding mainly from government organizations such as: In Germany, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Bundesministerin für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), and the EMWA In the United Kingdom, the Department of Trade & Industry (DTI), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) In Japan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Funding proposals submitted to these agencies will be more persuasive if they clearly specify the positive impact of the database on nano research, facilities sharing and education. Support of the GNN partners will be helpful because international cooperation is increasingly important in nanotechnology programs worldwide. For each proposal, their support from the beginning is recommended.

Project 2: Facilities Linkages Working Group Members □ Greg Tegart, Australian Network on Advanced Materials (Australia) □ Frank Menzel, Degussa AG (Germany) □ Gerhard Klimeck, Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Purdue University (US) □ Nils Petersen, National Research Council of Canada (Canada) □ Giorgio Rossi, Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Italy) □ Thembela Hillie, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa) □ Urs Sennhauser, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Switzerland) □ Derrick Mancini, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory (US) □ Kazunobu Tanaka, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan) □ Maw-Kuen Wu, National Science Council (Taiwan)

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Summary The group recognised that the term facility covers both research facilities and commercial facilities of different sizes and scope. The support of the commercialization of nanotechnologies is very different in each country in their measures to ensure the transfer of already developed technologies to commercial scale. Disseminating information about existing facilities for nanoscience and nanotechnology of diverse character and size is one of the services that GNN can provide efficiently via a proper use of the prototype database delivered at this meeting. Many facilities for nanoscience/nanotechnology have or will soon be available to users. All of them are learning how best to serve their users community and how to enlarge it, even at the global level. The GNN can provide a forum for nanotechnology facilities to exchange information and lessons learned on operational challenges and access issues. Many facilities are investing in capabilities for advanced computing for nanoscience and technology. A recommendation is made to optimise the efforts in software development by using open/public sources or developing within the open source philosophy. Facilities should cooperate via the GNN on developing common source codes and interfaces. Today’s network and computing capabilities allow facilities to make access and collaboration available by electronic means. GNN can help coordinating facilities adopting common tools and equipment for telepresence, telecollaboratory and teleconferencing. The group recommends the GNN to initiate a workshop on the issues of operating facilities for nanoscience/nanotechnology with the aim of broad or global outreach and effective impact. This includes the access policies as a key item. The group discussed the issues for access of scientists from less developed countries and noted their needs for ‘suitcase science’ to gain experience in advanced equipment and technologies. The group also noted that this could lead to the development of regional facilities in areas where such facilities are lacking at present (e.g. South Africa). The exchange of experts for those projects is not yet standardized. GNN could help to define procedures for the exchange of expertise, as well as providing information about which regions, among less developed countries, are best prepared to engage in extended visits to insure that such exchange have the optimum impact. Another option to share detailed technical information on running facilities is to install training courses. Some organizations do fund those courses even on international bases. During the meeting, the possibility of such an exchange between South Africa and Canada was discussed.

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Working Group Tasks 1. Identify an expandable strategic project that is global in scope. □ Ensure that the Global Nanotechnology Database being developed by the GNN includes all relevant global facilities □ Hold a Workshop of the operators of facilities in nanotechnologies and nanoscience. 2. Identify a prototype to show a year from now. □ Workshop described above to take place early next year □ Develop a visiting scientist model for less developed countries 3. Identify leaders for this subgroup □ Dr. Takemura of NIMS is a potential candidate to lead the database component. □ The following group members have offered to form a pre-organizing group for the workshop: o Nils Petersen, National Research Council of Canada (Canada) o Giorgio Rossi, Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Italy) o Urs Sennhauser, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Switzerland) o Derrick Mancini, Argonne National Laboratory (US)

Project 3: Education Working Group Members □ Naoki Kishimoto, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan) □ Ilesanmi Adesida, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(US) □ Peter Grutter, Nano Innovation Platform, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) □ Marius Koelbel, CC-NanoChem Network of Excellence (Germany) □ Sebastian Lourdudoss, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Phoremost Network of Excellence (Sweden) □ Jo-Won Lee, National Program for Terra-level Nanodevices, Ministry of Science & Technology (Korea) □ Erika Kalman, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary) □ Teri Odom, Northwestern University (US) □ Han-Jo Lim, Korean Nanotechnology Researchers Society (Korea) □ Dan Dascalu, IMT-Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (Romania)

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□ Mathias Mallman, NanoBioNet Center of Excellence in Nanobiotechnology and Nano2Life Network of Excellence (Germany) □ Petri Ahonen, Academy of Finland: Research Council for Natural Sciences and Engineering (Finland) □ Daisy Kgosi, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa) □ M.K. Wu, National Science Council (Taiwan) □ Oscar Malta, Ministry of Science and Technology and Nanodevices (Brazil) □ Gerhard Klimeck, Network for Computational Nanotechnology (US) Agreed-upon areas of common interest (by country) Korea Current: Has a committee for nanotech education, which is standardized so there is no need for international cooperation to develop it. Korean students without a strong background in nanoscale science have difficulty following the curricula found on U.S. websites. Would like to see from the GNN: can contribute common program for GNN and less developed countries (all in Korean). Canada Current: Undergrad/graduate University of Toronto, Waterloo, McGill, Quebec, technical vocational schools, nano/bio, nano/electronics; teaching materials in French and English; separate courses on nanoscale science, on web, copyrighted by the university/Principal Investigator; students from developing countries are fully supported; limited number of fellowships; high school teachers can also receive fellowships. Would like to see from the GNN: A university-based resource center for nanotechnology education. The center might serve as a central location for downloading graduate and undergraduate courses, high-quality nanotechnology presentations, examples, homework. It would also be a forum for best international practices in nano education. Public outreach and informal education (explanation of nanotechnology to various audiences, cooperation with the press; communication of direct impact of nanotechnology on energy, healthcare, and the environment. Discuss resources for nano experiments. Include nano concepts in K-12 curricula. South Africa Would like to see from GNN: Access to resources and facilities; no developed curriculum yet, would like to focus on developing a graduate level curriculum; program for training educators; public education. Taiwan Current: Existing program from K-12; intensive course to instruct teachers; professors meet with high school/grade school teachers to integrate content in classroom, which is a continuous program; seven regional centers, meet once every two weeks for lecture series; public awareness (truck traveling around island); activities by regional centers; funds by National Research Council; has some interdisciplinary curriculum for college; offers nanotech as a specialty degree; has some scholarships for developing countries from undergrad to grad level.

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Sweden Current: Masters program in nanotechnology (electronics, materials) within disciplines; e.g. need more interdisciplinary exchange (medicine); can take students from anywhere in world (free for now); need teachers from other universities (drawback: professors paid for number of students enrolled) Would like to see from the GNN: Tutorials and training at the college level; a PhD program. Japan Current: Graduate programs – various lectures; human resources development, e.g. open lectures (e.g. quantum devices) – GNN can put on network; have cartoon books and videos “nano adventure”, good for attracting attention but not standardized, might be one-sided and other perspectives important; summer schools, display student information, awards; collaboration between research institutes and universities very important. Would like to see from GNN: Standardization of lectures, courses and curriculum for undergraduate level; international agreement on “nanotech”; graduate course in national university, GNN can help activity. Brazil Current: No specific committee for nanotechnology; in universities, graduate programs in materials science; scholarships from national agencies (2); synchrotron radiation laboratory – scholarships for nanotech (not specific for Brazil); trying to produce didactic materials in Portuguese; Hungary Current: Graduate and undergraduate, depends on discipline, not standardized; problems with accepting other university’s courses, but a good general text could be useful; television for promoting science, e.g. one hour on nano-chemistry; press communication important re: advantages/disadvantages of nanotech; can educate students with Marie Curie scholarships; education is free. Would like to see from the GNN: Good general text; organize press interactions on one site Germany Current: Does not find degree programs in nanoscience to be necessary but has lots of activity – for example high school and elementary school initiatives “nanotechnology at school”; truck driving around to promote science, aimed to increase interest in nanotech and other types of interdisciplinary science. United States Current: Purpose of nanotech education: K-12: stimulate students’ interest and offer demonstrations of what science can bring to the public. Undergrads: still have disciplines, but developing nanoscience courses. Computational nanotechnology: simulation tools for devices; run from the website (no need for facilities or installation of software) ex: nanohub.org; use as learning objects; user input for improvements; already open source; have infrastructure to host, not to create material. The US has three new education centers: (1) National Center for Learning

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and Teaching in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NCLT); (2) Nanotechnology Informal Science Education (NISE); and (3) Center for Nanotechnology in Society (CNS). Would like to see from the GNN: Contribute material on site since the infrastructure to host already exists. Romania Current: Some money for exchange between continents; databank of courses; exchanging information in Europe; short courses, professors from other countries, various disciplines; Marie Curie research; training by research is essential. Would like to see from GNN: Access to resources, especially facilities. Other related subjects: ethics, environmental, intellectual property, commercialization (technology transfer) Working Group Tasks 1. Identify necessary resources □ Lots of course materials – best way to take advantage? Mostly at the university level. □ TV series or programs – especially for general public □ Some scholarships are available □ Museum exhibitions and science centers; Nanoworld at Cornell funded by NSF. □ Joint efforts for funding for future GNN-sponsored activities? IUMRS an option? 2. Identify near and long term objectives □ Long term: trying to share resources on web; at least it’s available (professor X, subject X); high school level, best practices for demonstration, modules, materials, animations etc.; centralized resource for scholarships at foreign institutions, etc.; not just materials like CDs or texts, expect a program for an exchange of students; collection of info for database; multimedia based cyber school; local infrastructure (hands-on and facilities); then exchange programs; short courses for summer – in the future; some type of scholarships; open source software. □ Short term: Build on existing courses posted? Other open source sites? Identify and organize national or regional sites? What is available now – inventory? Existing texts? What is missing that GNN would add? Listing of visiting scientist exchange programs? 3. Strategic Project in Education in Nanotechnology (expandable and global in scope) □ Centralized resource for information exchange o Curriculum o Learning modules □ Human resources for student exchange 4. Development of a Phase I prototype to be implemented within one year using existing resources □ Gather what each country has available now; same for human resources.

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□ Make a list of important fundamental topics for a nanotech curriculum and links to websites with relevant course and simulation info. Then move toward learning modules. Regional/national representatives can poll areas/countries for appropriate topics. □ Create a curriculum prototype for graduate level and advanced undergrads; e.g. merlot.com – should such a curriculum conform to certain standards that are already in place? □ Phase I Prototype o Gather existing resources for curriculum ƒ Responsibility of regional leader ƒ Curriculum posted on web, e.g. merlot.com ƒ Conform to certain standards? ƒ Centralized nano sites o Propose curriculum prototype in nanoscience and nanotechnology ƒ Advanced undergraduates and graduate students ƒ List of fundamental topics ƒ Links of websites that have lectures, modules related to topics o Gather current information on scholarships for student exchange 5. Take prototype and outline a joint proposal to obtain funding for its expansion. What are potential funding sources and institutional support? • Student exchange and scholarships • “SEEC” Series in nanoscience and nanotechnology; for example, nanomaterials, nanoelectronics, nano-bio, nanosystems, nano-x; general (editors, need to be reviewed by committee) plus classroom examples (hands-on, simulations, etc.); books, hard copy? Dissemination? • Short courses (e.g. summer) on topics; with hands-on practice • Proposal Expansion o “SEEC” series on nanoscience and nanotechnology ƒ Nanoelectronics, photonics, systems, materials, “x” ƒ Dissemination: books? Central website? Virtual resource? o Short courses hosted by different countries ƒ Summer intensive course (including hands-on experience) ƒ Similar to NSF Summer Institutes o Potential funding sources ƒ Taiwanese government, Japanese government, NSF 6. Identify a coordinating leader to oversee the project. Select members from each region to work on team. • Coordinating leader: N. Kishimoto • Asian region: M.K. Wu • European region: S. Lourdudoss • North America: G. Klimeck • South America: O. Malta • Africa: D. Kgosi

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Project 4: Research Working Group Members □ Gareth Redmond, Tyndall National Institute (Ireland) □ Lars Montelius, Nanometer Consortium (Sweden) □ Xing Zhu, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (China) □ Andreas Leson, Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik (Germany) □ Dawn Bonnell, Nano-Bio Interface Center, University of Pennsylvania (US) □ Alison Downard, McDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Canterbury (New Zealand) □ Josep Samitier, University of Barcelona and Nano2Life Network of Excellence (Spain) Use of the GNN □ Short term: Facilitate web-based information exchange (web-chatting) □ Longer term: Routine tool for communications and exchange □ Ultimately: Key tool for influencing local and global policy Assumptions: Early Stage □ Limited scale of available human and technical resource infrastructure □ Nominal membership fees □ Low level of public funding / private sponsorship Note: All recommendations were discussed in detail by the group and agreed upon unanimously. Many other items were discussed and deferred / rejected. Recommendations 1. Establish a clear unambiguous definition of the role and objectives of the GNN (emphasize publicity) 2. The GNN should offer opportunities for bottom-up proposals for topics of research collaboration (exploratory / pre-competitive research) 3. The GNN should function as a forum for: □ Consultation and debate for exploration of research topics □ Identification of possible research collaboration formats o From specific focused activities to grand challenges (c.f. Human Genome) □ Definition of specific research objectives with identifiable societal benefit □ Provision of options for a range of value-add collaboration modes □ Development of realistic region-inclusive programs based on appropriate accessible infrastructure http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org

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□ Facilitation of researcher mobility and training (inside and outside formal research projects) □ Provision of guidelines on research best practices and Environmental, Safety and Health (ESH) issues 4. Provide mechanisms for facilitation of new collaborations □ Noticeboard for collaborative opportunities □ Database of researchers/activities o Database of current research funding calls o Global nanotechnology network report (every 2 years) 5. Define membership types □ Individual researchers (academic / industrial) □ Individual centres, institutions, companies □ Networks - local, regional, national, international (thematic) 6. Focus on early-wins □ Collaborative research achievements that can be attained now by own funding 7. Address public concerns for safety of nanotech □ Recognize each nation´s unique cultural views and approaches towards nanotech □ Recognize that global opinion will affect all nations □ Provide nano-facts, e.g., database of results of current national projects □ Prepare a white paper on this topic Proposed Network Flagship Project: Prevention of infectious diseases □ Low cost, disposable diagnostic platform □ Range of target analytes – key life threatening agents for which suitable therapies exist □ Robust, reliable, reproducible, sensitive, accurate □ Water, food, bodily fluid environments as relevant Year 1 Workplan □ Create consortium: o Identify and competitively engage researchers from clinical, scientific, and engineering disciplines (working under own support) o Nominate a project leader (plus high profile advocate?) □ Consortium to include researchers from all regions (e.g., training, knowledge transfer from/to developing regions)

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□ Specify disease targets, design diagnostic tool technology with key performance specifications o Develop prototype tech solutions o Initiate optimization process to make demonstrator o Disseminate information on successes effectively o Explore routes for test, approval and distribution o Consortium to jointly own IP in first instance with a view to licensing, partnership, assignation, etc. Post-year 1 Project Support □ Explore sources of sustainable funding for individual groups or sub-networks: o national public agencies o trans-national public agencies (e.g. European Union, World Health Organization, United Nations) o commercial / industrial support or sponsorship o private (philanthropic) donation or support

Project 5: Research Working Group Members □ Walter Muster, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Switzerland) □ Chennupati Jagadish, Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network (Australia) □ Elvio Mantovani, Italian Center for Nanotechnology, Nanotec IT (Italy) □ Mario Quilitz, Leibniz Institute for New Materials(Germany) □ Clive Hayter, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) □ Cortes Corberan, Institute of Catalysis and Petroleum Chemistry (Spain) □ Ahmed Busnaina, Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing, Northeastern University (US) □ Jo-Won Lee, National Program for Terra-level Nanodevices, Ministry of Science & Technology (Korea) □ Udo Bange, Keychain Europe GmbH (Germany) Recommendations □ Basic research should be collaborative on a worldwide level, especially within publicly funded projects □ Need definition of what is pre-competitive research areas to facilitate the collaboration within GNN

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□ Collaboration in the areas of health and safety aspects and the environment (including global issues such as climate change, ecology, etc) is encouraged within GNN □ Preliminary IP agreements such as those used between collaborating companies worked in US should be established within GNN. (background IP owned by individual parties, jointly developed IP is jointly owned) □ Adopted international agreements, including intellectual property, should be written to comply to national laws □ Identify the goals and priorities of the network around common research themes e.g. materials, manufacturing, metrology, occupational health and safety, environment, computation □ GNN should specify a five-year strategic plan □ Identify funding sources for international collaboration for each country, information made available for GNN researchers □ Increase current levels of funding to facilitate networks? International collaboration? United Nations? □ Enhance interactions through earmarked funding for collaboration between developed and developing countries □ Identify collaboration mechanisms between developed and developing countries □ Enhance nanotechnologies’ role in sustainable development e.g. energy, water, health, environment – GNN could serve as a catalyst □ Identify multinational global organizations who would be interested sustainable development e.g. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Union, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) □ Public engagement (outreach, informal education and dissemination, social awareness) – is an important issue for the GNN □ Concurrent societal impact (environmental, ethical and regulatory) and risk assessment should be adopted by GNN □ GNN should advocate concurrent societal assessment for other research and industry groups □ Increase industrial involvement in GNN □ Encourage participation of regulatory bodies within GNN activities and vice versa □ Encourage participation by global standardization bodies in GNN and vice versa □ Encourage metrology benchmarking to develop and implement common methods Project Ideas □ Handling of Nanoparticles and Nanotubes □ Metrological Benchmarking □ Manufacturing

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Conclusion Based on these five prototype projects, the following short-term goals seem to hold universal interest and be feasible over the next few years: □ Education - Establish a GNN library of advanced undergraduate and graduate level educational materials in nanoscience and engineering from all parts of the world. The library would serve as an open source for assembling nano curricula - an urgent step towards developing human resources in nanoscale science and technology. □ Database - Create a searchable, up-to-date list of researchers (“Who is doing what?”) and facilities (facility type, location, accessibility, etc.) □ Facilities – promote cooperation among facilities and disseminate information about advanced user facilities worldwide (i.e. unique capabilities, user access, training, etc.) □ Research - Perform GNN research that responds to global concerns in the areas of energy, environment, and health. A common theme that ran through the workshop panels and working sessions was the concept of a GNN in service to society – i.e. the GNN should use its status as an independent global network to achieve synergistic benefits for society as a whole. Since the workshop, co-organizer R.P.H. Chang has been working with his colleagues from the Saarbrücken workshop and elsewhere to determine how to best accomplish these goals. Based on these discussions, it is clear that a cross-cutting project is needed to mobilize the four strands and serve as a focus for GNN development. A GNN flagship initiative called Global School for Advanced Studies (GSAS) has been designed to meet these needs.

Global School for Advanced Studies (GSAS) The GSAS will focus on interdisciplinary research issues relating to three critical Global Challenge Areas: Energy, Environment, and Health. The School will recruit young researchers from around the world, group them into interdisciplinary Global Research Teams, offer them a series of focused lectures, provide them with expert mentoring, and challenge them to develop detailed collaborative research plans. The best research plans will be selected for implementation and the winning teams will be hosted for extended research visits at GSAS member institutions. The School will go beyond the short-term exchange of technical information to provide a new global framework in which collaborative research can be conceived, nurtured, and implemented. At the same time, young researchers will build strong working partnerships and develop global leadership skills early in their careers. GSAS Sessions will be held in different parts of the world and the School will be jointly operated and funded by international partners. An overview of the School’s curriculum and organizational structure is given below.

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GSAS Curriculum and Structure Mission: (1) Create new international, interdisciplinary, research collaborations in areas of global concern; and (2) Enable young researchers to develop global leadership skills early in their careers. Research Focus: Critical interdisciplinary research issues related to three global challenge areas- Energy, Environment, and Health. Examples include clean renewable energy, emissions control, ecomaterials, and diagnostic sensors. Curriculum: The School will hold annual Sessions, each consisting of: (1) three parallel topical Workshops in Energy, Environment, and Health respectively; (2) development of collaborative research projects in these critical areas; and (3) implementation of the best research plans at leading institutions worldwide. Session Schedule: The first GSAS Session is tentatively planned for Fall 2006 in Taiwan. This Session would offer a single Workshop on a research topic related to Renewable Energy, thereby providing crossover between the Energy and Environmental areas. This Session would officially launch the GSAS and serve as a prototype for future Sessions. Beginning in 2007, each annual Session will consist of three parallel Workshops, as described below. Workshop topics will be jointly determined by the GSAS Executive Committee and the institutions agreeing to serve as Research Hosts. This Session is tentatively scheduled for Fall 2007 in Japan. Global Challenge Area

2006 Session

2007 Session

2008 Session

2009 Session

Energy

Renewable Energy Workshop: Topic to be announced

Workshop A: Topic to be announced

Workshop A: Topic to be announced

Workshop A: Topic to be announced

Workshop B: Topic to be announced

Workshop B: Topic to be announced

Workshop B: Topic to be announced

Workshop C: Topic to be announced

Workshop C: Topic to be announced

Workshop C: Topic to be announced

Japan

Europe

Americas

Environment

Health Potential Location

Taiwan

Participants: Participants will be recruited from world class research institutions worldwide. □ GSAS Scholars: Advanced graduate students, post-docs and junior researchers. Each Workshop will involve about thirty Scholars grouped into five Global Research Teams (GRTs).

□ GSAS Fellows: Senior researchers, industrial planners and policy makers will be selected as GSAS Fellows. Each Session will involve about 15 Fellows as lecturers and project mentors.

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Global Research Teams: Before each Workshop, Scholars will be grouped into Global Research Teams. Well-balanced teams will optimize fruitful collaborations. Therefore, in matching students with one another, the School will give careful consideration to individual research interests and complementary strengths. For example, the following GRT might be formed to take part in a Workshop on Flexible Solar Cells: Expertise

Role

Country

Institution Type

Surface Chemist

Characterization, AES, XPS, etc

France

National Laboratory

Physicist

Device physics

Germany

Industry

Solar Cell Theorist

Simulation

US

University

Physicist

Band structure calculation

Argentina

National Laboratory

Materials Scientist

Thin film synthesis

Taiwan

Research Center

Chemical Engineer

Organic molecule preparation

Japan

University

Collaborative Research Project: The Global Research Teams will begin interacting immediately, under the guidance of their mentors, to identify a compelling research question and develop a collaborative plan for addressing it. Research plans will include rationale and intellectual merit for proposed research, division of tasks, facilities sharing, unique team strengths, challenges inherent in the global project and possible solutions, projected applications and technology transfer strategies, budget and broader impact. Workshops: Workshops will last ten days. The Workshop curriculum will provide GSAS Scholars with a systems approach to project management; activities will integrate interdisciplinary research theory, experiment techniques, and design with policy, manufacturing, and technology transfer considerations. Teams will attend a series of focused lectures related to the Workshop topic. Daily roundtable planning meetings will allow them to continue developing their projects with guidance from their mentors. Visits to local industry, partner institutions and local agencies will be organized and participants will have ample free time to interact informally. On the last day of the Workshop, Teams will present their research plans for evaluation and constructive feedback. Implementation of Research: After each Session, the research plans will be evaluated and the best research plan from each Workshop will be selected for implementation via an extended research visit, which will last approximately one year. Two possible funding sources exist to support these visits. First, the members of the winning GRT may be hired as visiting researchers by a research host institution. Second, the School will help the winning GRTs submit multilateral funding proposals to appropriate international agencies. Specific arrangements concerning hosting logistics, equipment usage and intellectual property ownership will be negotiated with the research host institution.

GSAS Operational Structure The GSAS will be jointly operated and funded by international partners. It will be managed by an international Executive Committee and guided by a sixty-member Advisory Board. http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org

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Leading international research institutions are invited to become GSAS Members by: □ Hosting a GSAS Session □ Contributing and/or helping to recruit GSAS Scholars and Fellows □ Contributing and/or helping to obtain GSAS operational funds □ Hosting a winning Global Research Team for an extended research visit

GSAS Benefits Integration of research and education – The School will simultaneously support advanced knowledge exchange and produce sustainable international research collaborations in areas of global concern. Systems approach to research innovation – Global leadership in interdisciplinary research requires more than innovation in research, product development, and manufacturing. Leadership in policy, technology management, and marketing are also crucial. The GSAS will broaden the perspective of young researchers and teach them how ideas and concepts can be quickly turned into products and beneficial policies. Effective mix for training global leaders – The School will build global leadership skills via hands-on projects and dynamic interactions. Participants will learn to master tasks that are more challenging at the international level, such as proposal preparation, resource management, team building, and information sharing. They will learn best international practices and obtain the skills necessary to build their own global research teams in years to come. Development focus for the GNN – As the first network-wide initiative, the GSAS will provide a strong focus for GNN development. It will: □ integrate many common interests and goals expressed in Saarbrücken □ mobilize GNN leadership □ jump-start the development of the four GNN strands by engaging their active participation – for example, a global database will be needed to recruit participants and optimize team composition; researchers and educators must serve as organizers and mentors; and research facilities and partner institutions are required to host the global research teams created by the School □ strengthen working relationships among network members □ provide tangible deliverables to attract funding.

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Next Action Steps An Executive Committee and an Advisory Board are currently being established to lead the GSAS. Chang and his colleagues are working to identify institutions, industrial partners, agencies, researchers, and educators worldwide to support and participate in this initiative. Funding is being requested from a number of international agencies. Interested parties are encouraged to contact the following address for information: Materials Research Institute Northwestern University 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Room K111, Evanston, IL 60208 USA Tel: (1) 847-467-7613 Fax: (1) 847-491-4181 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.globalnanotechnologynetwork.org A GNN implementation meeting is tentatively planned for Spring 2006. This meeting will focus primarily on launching the GSAS. Additional goals will include involving new members, appointing GNN leaders, and discussing matters relating to GNN membership and funding.

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Appendix: Participant List Australia □ Chennupati Jagadish Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network □ Greg Tegart Australian Network on Advanced Materials

Belgium □ Raymond Monk Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies Unit, DG Research, European Commission □ Gordana Popovic Research Training Networks Unit, DG Research, European Commission

Brazil □ Oscar Malta Ministry of Science and Technology and Nanodevices and Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)

Canada □ Peter Grutter Nano Innovation Platform, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council □ Nils Petersen National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada

China □ Xing Zhu National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

Finland □ Petri Ahonen Academy of Finland: Research Council for Natural Sciences and Engineering

France □ Francoise Roure Ministere de l’economie, des finances, et de l’industrie

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Germany □ Gerd Bachmann VDI-Technologiezentrum GmbH □ Udo Bange Keychain Europe GmbH □ Ingolf Bernhardt Universität des Saarlandes □ Michael Farle Fachbereich Physik, CERFACS, Universität Duisburg-Essen □ Harald Fuchs German Center for Competence in Nanoanalytics □ Gunther Fuhr Franhofer Institut fur Biomedizinische Technik □ Eleonore Haltner-Ukomadu Fraunhofer Institut für Biomedizinische Technik □ Uwe Hartmann University of Saarbrücken □ Regine Hedderich FZ Karlsruhe GmbH and NanoMat Project □ Chang-tze Hu National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan □ Andreas Jordan MagForce Nanotechnologies GmbH □ Marius Koelbel CC-NanoChem Network of Excellence □ Andreas Leson Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik □ Sanjay Mathur Leibniz Institute for New Materials □ Matthias Mallmann NanoBioNet Center of Excellence in Nanobiotechnology and Nano2Life Network of Excellence □ Frank Menzel Degussa AG □ Mario Quilitz Leibniz Institute for New Materials

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Germany (continued) □ Christoph Schild Bayer Technology Services GmbH □ Helmut Schmidt Institute for New Materials and CC-NanoChem Network □ Andreas Schneider IBMT - Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering □ Martin Schubert CC-NanoChem Network of Excellence □ Joachim Teller micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH □ Ali Tinazli J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt □ Christiane Zeigler Universtät Kaiserslautern

Hungary □ Erika Kalman Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Ireland □ Gareth Redmond Nanotechnology Group, Tyndall National Institute

Italy □ Elvio Mantovani Italian Center for Nanotechnology, Nanotec IT □ David Rickerby Joint Research Centre, European Commission □ Georgio Rossi Laboratorio Tecnologie Avanzate e nanoSCienze (TASC), Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica dell Materia

Japan □ Naoki Kishimoto National Institute for Materials Science □ Shoji Noda Aichi Science and Technology Foundation

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Japan (continued) □ Masahiro Takemura National Institute for Materials Science and the Nanotechnology Researchers Network Center of Japan □ Kazunobu Tanaka National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Korea □ Han-Jo Lim Korean Nanotechnology Researchers Society (KoNRTS) □ JoWon Lee National Program for Terra-level Nanodevices, Ministry of Science & Technology

Luxembourg □ Peter Jonas IEE, S.A. □ Thomas Wittkowski IEE, S.A.

Netherlands □ J.W. Weener MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente and Frontiers Network

New Zealand □ Allison Downard McDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Canterbury

Romania □ Dan Dascalu IMT-Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies

South Africa □ Thembela Hillie Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) □ Daisy Kgosi Department of Science and Technology

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Spain □ Josep Samitier University of Barcelona and Nano2Life Network of Excellence □ Vicente Cortes Corberan Institute of Catalysis and Petroleum Chemistry (CSIC)

Sweden □ Sebastian Lourdudoss KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Phoremost Network of Excellence □ Elisabeth Csoregi Lund University and Nano2Life Network of Excellence

Switzerland □ Walter J. Muster EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research □ Urs Sennhauser EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research

Taiwan □ Tsung-Tsan Su Nanotechnology Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute □ Maw Kuan Wu National Science Council

United Kingdom □ Clive Hayter Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) □ Andrew Pike INEX: Nanotechnology Exploitation, University of Newcastle upon Tyne □ Ottilia Saxl Institute of Nanotechnology

United States □ Ilesanmi Adesida Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign □ Dawn Bonnell Nano-Bio Interface Center, University of Pennsylvania □ Ahmed Busnaina Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing, Northeastern University

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United States (continued) □ R.P.H. Chang Materials Research Institute, Northwestern University □ Gerhard Klimeck Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), Purdue University □ Derrick Mancini Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory □ Teri Odom Northwestern University □ Mihail Roco National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative

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