Red Cross Outine

Red Cross ➢ Started from a Swiss named Henry Dunant Red Crescent ➢ Formed from the Russian-Turkish war Henry Durant ➢ Wrote a book called “A Memory of Solferino” which was published in 1862 ➢ The father of “Red Cross” 7 PRINCIPLES OF RED CROSS: 1. Humanity 2. Impartiality 3. Neutrality 4. Independence 5. Voluntary Service 6. Unity 7. Universality 6 SERVICES OF RED CROSS: 1. Disaster Management Service 2. Social Service 3. Community Health and Nursing Service ➢ Include the Red Cross Youth 4. Safety Service 5. National Blood Service 6. Volunteer Service First Aid ➢ An immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It is also called “pre-hospital” ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: 1. Bridge the gap between the victim and the physician 2. Ensure the safety of the victim and of the bystanders 3. Gain access to the victim 4. Determine any threat to the patient’s life 5. Summon more advanced medical care as needed 6. Provide needed care for the patient 7. Assist more advanced personnel 8. Record all findings and care given to the patient OBJECTIVES:

➢ To alleviate suffering ➢ To prevent added/further injury or danger ➢ To prolong life CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER: 1. Gentle ➢ Should not cause pain 2. Resourceful ➢ Should make the best use with things at hand 3. Observant ➢ Should notice all signs 4. Tactful ➢ Should not alarm the victim 5. Empathetic ➢ Should be comforting 6. Respectable ➢ Should maintain a professional and caring attitude TRANSMITION OF DIEASES AND THE FIRST AIDER: 1. Direct contact 2. Indirect contact 3. Airborne 4. Vector (from bite, sting, syringe, etc.) BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PRACTICES: ➢ Personal Hygiene ➢ Protective Equipment ➢ Equipment cleansing and disinfecting FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES: 1. Basic Equipment ➢ Spine board ➢ Short board ➢ Extraction device ➢ Splinters or sets ➢ Poles ➢ Blankets 2. Suggested First Aid Kit ➢ Rubbing alcohol ➢ Cotton ➢ Gauge pads

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Tongue depressor Penlight Band aid Gloves Scissors Forceps Bandage (triangular) Elastic roller bandage Occlusive dressing Plaster

Wounds ➢ A break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external 2 TYPES OF WOUNDS: 1. Close wound • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: ➢ Pain ➢ Swelling ➢ Discoloration ➢ Hematoma ➢ Uncontrolled restlessness ➢ Symptoms of shock ➢ Vomiting or coughing-up blood ➢ Passages of blood in the urine or feces ➢ Sign of blood along mouth, nose and ear canal • FIRST AID MANAGEMENT: Ice application Compression Elevation Splinting 2. Open Wound ➢ A break in the skin or mucus membrane or the protective skin layer is damage • DANGERS: ➢ Hemorrhage ➢ Infection ➢ Shock • KINDS OF BLEEDING: ➢ Arterial Bleeding ➢ Venous

➢ Capillary • FIRST AID MANAGEMENT: Control bleeding Cover the wound with dressing and secure with a bandage Care for shock Consult or refer to physician CAUSES

CHARACTERISTICS

PUNCTURE

Penetrating pointed instruments (e.g. nail, ice picks, daggers, etc.)

Deep narrow, serious or slight bleeding

INCISION

Sharp bladed instruments (e.g. blades, razors, etc.)

Clean cut, deep severe bleeding, wound clean

AVULSION

Explosion, animal bites, mishandling of tools

Tissue forcefully separated from the body

LACERATION

Blunt instruments (e.g. rock, broker, glass, etc.)

Torn with irregular edges, serious or slight bleeding

ABRASION

Scrapping and rubbing against rough surfaces

HOME CARE (WOUND WITH NOT SEVERE BLEEDING): 1. Clean the wound with soap and water 2. Apply mild antiseptics 3. Cover the wound with dressing and bandage Burns ➢

An injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels which result from heat chemicals, electricity, solar or other forms of radiation • CAUSES: 1. Carelessness with match or cigarette smoking 2. Scald from hot liquid 3. Defective heating, cooking and electrical equipment 4. Immersion in overheated bath water 5. Use of such chemicals, strong acids, and strong detergents (e.g. lye)

FACTORS DETERMINING THE SERIOUSNESS OF BURNS: 1. Depth ➢ Superficial/ First degree burns (e.g. sunburn) ➢ Partial-thickness/ Second degree burns – formation of blisters ➢ Full thickness/ Third degree burns – affects muscles and bones 2. The extent to the affected body surface area ➢ Head and neck 9% ➢ Posterior trunk 10 % ➢ Anterior trunk 18 % ➢ Each upper extremity 9% ➢ External genitalia 9% ➢ Each lower extremity 18% 3. Location of burns 4. Victim’s age and medical condition KINDS OF BURNS: 1) Thermal burns ➢ A flash or an explosion of steams or hot liquid are common causes CARE: • For first and second degree burns 1. Immerse in cold water to reduce burned skin’s temperature 2. Cover the burn with a dry non-sticking sterile dressing or cloth • Third degree burns 1. Apply burn ointment 2. Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing or cloth 2) Chemical Burns ➢ Cause tissue destruction until the chemical agent is removed CARE: • Immediately remove the chemical by flushing with water • Remove victim’s contaminated clothing • Flush for 20 minutes or longer and let the victim wash with mild soap before final rinse • Cover burned area with a dry dressing 3) Electric Burns Poison ➢ Any substance that tend to impair health or cause death when introduced into the body or into the skin surface

CAUSES: ➢ Common in suicide attempts ➢ Occasional accidental poisoning WAYS: 1. Ingestion/ Food poisoning ➢ introduced into the digestive tract through the mouth 2. Inhalation ➢ through the nose 3. Injection ➢ e.g. animal bites 4. Absorption ➢ skin contacts COMMON HOUSEHOLD POISON: • Sleeping pills • Pain relievers • Insect and rodent poison • Kerosene • Alcohol • Lye and acids (including Boric acid) • Poisonous plants • Contaminated water • Fume Suspect food poisoning if: 1. The victim ate food that didn’t taste right or that may have been old, improperly prepared, contaminated, left at room temperature for a long time or processed with excessive amounts of chemicals 2. Several people who ate together became ill SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: • Altered mental status • History of ingesting poison • Burns around the mouth • Odd breathing odors • Nausea, vomiting • Abdominal pain • Diarrhea

Instances when vomiting should not be induced: • If unresponsive • Cannot maintain an airway • Has ingested and acid, a corrosive or a petroleum product • Has medical condition that could be complicated by vomiting FIRST AID FOR FOOD POISONING: