Project Introduction
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- Words: 4,406
- Pages: 39
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HO
N
O
H
HO
MORPHINE
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A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organ, contains substance that can be used for therapeutic purpose or which is a precursor for synthesis of useful drugs.” (Sofowora, 1982, Medicinal Plant and Traditional
22
Medicine in Africa). This definition of Medicinal Plant has been formulated by WHO (World Health Organization). The plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert beneficial pharmacological effects on the animal body are generally designated as “Medicinal Plants”. Although there are no apparent morphological characteristics in the medicinal plants growing with them, yet they possess some special qualities or virtues that make them medicinally important. It has now been established that the plants which naturally synthesis and accumulate some secondary metabolites, like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, volatiles oils and contain minerals and vitamins, possess medicinal properties. Medicinal plants constitute an important natural wealth of a country. They play a significant role in providing primary health care services to rural people. They serve as therapeutic agents as well as important raw materials for the manufacture of traditional and modern medicine. Substantial amount of foreign exchange can be earned by exporting medicinal plants to other countries. In this way indigenous medicinal plants play significant role of an economy of a country.
1.3.1 Achillea millefolium L. Common name: Yarrow
Medicinal
uses: Yarrow has been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat common cold, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, gastro-intestinal complaints. It is also use to reduce fever, as anti-inflammatory. Externally in poultices, lotions, and bath preparation. 23
OH
O
menthol
camphor
1.3.2 Angelica archangelica L Common name: Angelica Medicinal uses: Angelica is widely used in traditional medicine to stimulate blood circulation, regulate menstruation in ladies, stimulate appetite, alleviating cough and pain. It is carminative. Chemical constituents: Angelicide, brefeldin, ligustilide, n-butyldenephthalide, phyllandrene, tannins, valeric acid, ferulic acid, limonene, coumarin and lactone.
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HO
OH O O
ferulic acid
OH O
valeric acid
1.3.3 Ananas comosus L
Common name: Pineapple Medicinal uses: Unripe fruit improves digestion, increases appetite, and relieves dyspepsia. It is also used as uterine tome. Ripe fruit reduces excessive gastric acid juice as digestive tonic and diuretic. Chemical constituents: Bromelain, vitamins A, C, citric acid, vanillin, methyl-npropylketone valerianic acid, isocaporic acid, acrylic acid and malic acid
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O
OH
HO
O
OH
HO
OH HO
O OH
O
O
citric acid
malic acid
1.3.4 Acotinium hippocastanum L Common name: Monkshood
Chemical constituents: Aconitene, malonic acid, caffeic acid, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, neoline, napelline, benzol-aconitine. O OH O
HO
O
HO
OH
OH
malonic acid
caffeic acid
1.4 CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS
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OH OH HO
O
O CH•
HO OH
O
apigenin
OH OH
galactopyranosyl Caution: A radical appears to be present
O
anthrone
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OH O HO
O
OH OH
O
kaempferol
O
anthraquinone O
HO
lignoceric acid O
OH
oleic acid
O
OH
linoleic acid
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OH OH
HO
O
OH
O HO
OH OH
OH OH
rhamnoside
O
quercetin OH O CH• HO
OH HO HO
OH
HO
OH HO
mannopyranosyl
OH
mannitol
Caution: A radical appears to be present
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1
2
3
4
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10
HO
N
O
H
HO
MORPHINE
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organ, contains substance that can be used for therapeutic purpose or which is a precursor for synthesis of useful drugs.” (Sofowora, 1982, Medicinal Plant and Traditional
22
Medicine in Africa). This definition of Medicinal Plant has been formulated by WHO (World Health Organization). The plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert beneficial pharmacological effects on the animal body are generally designated as “Medicinal Plants”. Although there are no apparent morphological characteristics in the medicinal plants growing with them, yet they possess some special qualities or virtues that make them medicinally important. It has now been established that the plants which naturally synthesis and accumulate some secondary metabolites, like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, volatiles oils and contain minerals and vitamins, possess medicinal properties. Medicinal plants constitute an important natural wealth of a country. They play a significant role in providing primary health care services to rural people. They serve as therapeutic agents as well as important raw materials for the manufacture of traditional and modern medicine. Substantial amount of foreign exchange can be earned by exporting medicinal plants to other countries. In this way indigenous medicinal plants play significant role of an economy of a country.
1.3.1 Achillea millefolium L. Common name: Yarrow
Medicinal
uses: Yarrow has been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat common cold, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, gastro-intestinal complaints. It is also use to reduce fever, as anti-inflammatory. Externally in poultices, lotions, and bath preparation. 23
OH
O
menthol
camphor
1.3.2 Angelica archangelica L Common name: Angelica Medicinal uses: Angelica is widely used in traditional medicine to stimulate blood circulation, regulate menstruation in ladies, stimulate appetite, alleviating cough and pain. It is carminative. Chemical constituents: Angelicide, brefeldin, ligustilide, n-butyldenephthalide, phyllandrene, tannins, valeric acid, ferulic acid, limonene, coumarin and lactone.
24
HO
OH O O
ferulic acid
OH O
valeric acid
1.3.3 Ananas comosus L
Common name: Pineapple Medicinal uses: Unripe fruit improves digestion, increases appetite, and relieves dyspepsia. It is also used as uterine tome. Ripe fruit reduces excessive gastric acid juice as digestive tonic and diuretic. Chemical constituents: Bromelain, vitamins A, C, citric acid, vanillin, methyl-npropylketone valerianic acid, isocaporic acid, acrylic acid and malic acid
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O
OH
HO
O
OH
HO
OH HO
O OH
O
O
citric acid
malic acid
1.3.4 Acotinium hippocastanum L Common name: Monkshood
Chemical constituents: Aconitene, malonic acid, caffeic acid, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, neoline, napelline, benzol-aconitine. O OH O
HO
O
HO
OH
OH
malonic acid
caffeic acid
1.4 CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS
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27
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29
30
31
OH OH HO
O
O CH•
HO OH
O
apigenin
OH OH
galactopyranosyl Caution: A radical appears to be present
O
anthrone
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OH O HO
O
OH OH
O
kaempferol
O
anthraquinone O
HO
lignoceric acid O
OH
oleic acid
O
OH
linoleic acid
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OH OH
HO
O
OH
O HO
OH OH
OH OH
rhamnoside
O
quercetin OH O CH• HO
OH HO HO
OH
HO
OH HO
mannopyranosyl
OH
mannitol
Caution: A radical appears to be present
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