Project Cycle Management

Project Cycle Management (PCM) Participatory Planning

What is Project ？ • • • • •

Objective Activities ⇒ Outputs Duration Budget （ Input) Resources (Input) An undertaking for the purpose of achieving established objectives, within a given budget and time period.

What is Project Cycle ? • • • • • • • •

Project identification Project formation Appraisal Implementation Monitoring Plan revision Evaluation Feedback

Project Cycle Management

Eval uati on

　　　 Pl an nin g PDM

Impl ementa tion

Do

See

We are in this stage.

Plan

See

Do Plan

Do

See Plan

Project Design Matrix （ PDM ） Narrative Objectively Summary Verifiable Indicators Overall Goal Project Purpose Outputs Activities

Means of Important Verification Assumptions

Inputs Pre-conditions

PDM 　 Vertical Logic • Project Purpose 　

Objectives that the project should achieve within the project duration

• Overall Goal Direction that the project should take next

• Outputs Strategies for achieving the Project Purpose

• Activities Specific actions taken to produce Outputs

• Important Assumptions Conditions important for project success, but that cannot be controlled by the projects. Whether these conditions develop or not is uncertain.

PDM Horizontal Logic • Objectively Verifiable Indicators Standards for measuring project achievement.

• Means of Verification Data sources from which indicators are derived.

• Inputs Personnel, materials, equipments, facilities and funds required by the project.

• Preconditions Conditions that must be fulfilled before a project gets underway

Characteristics of PCM Participatory Approach

Transparency

Logicality

Consistency

ProblemSolving

Needs of Local People Ownership of Beneficiaries

Development of PCM Method • Late 1960s

Logical Framework (USAID)

➢ International Agencies introduce the Logframe

• Early 1980s

ZOOP (GTZ) 　 Objectives-Oriented

Project

Planning ➢ European countries adapt the ZOPP

• Early 1990s

PCM(FASID)

➢ JICA begins full-scale introduction of the PCM

Participants in the Workshop

Moderator

Recipient country implementing agency

Other organization

Recipient country governmenta l agency

Resident of the community

Expert in a related issue

Personnel of the donor agency

PCM Workshop

Consensus

Analyzing step by step

Cards &Board

Moderator

Working as a team

Visualizing ideas Brainstorming

8 Rules • • • • • • • •

Write down your own statement on a card. Write only one idea on a card. Make your statement specific. Express your statement in a concise sentence. Stick to the facts and avoid abstractions and generalizations. Make it a rule to write cards before beginning discussions. Do not remove a card from the board before a consensus is obtained. Do not ask who wrote a particular card.

Analysis Stage Stakeholders Analysis

We are practicing by this stage.

7 Steps in PP Problems Analysis

Objectives Analysis

Project Selection Planning Stage

PDM

Appraisal

Plan of Operation

Working together

STEP1 Stakeholders Analysis Identify the issues, problems, and current conditions of the target area through analyzing the area and local residents targeted for assistance, related groups, related organizations and agencies. Focus on people and organization.

Tentatively select a target group.

STEP2 Problems Analysis Problems Analysis visually represents the causes and effects of existing problems in the project area, in the form of a Problem Tree. It clarifies the relationships among the identified problems.

STEP3 Objectives Analysis Objective Analysis clarifies the meansends relationship between the desirable situation that would be attained one problems have been solved and the solution for attaining it. This stage also requires an Objective Tree.

STEP4 Project Selection Project Selection is a process in which specific project strategies are selected from among the objectives and means raised in Objectives Analysis, based upon selection criteria.

STEP5 Formation of the PDM The project design Matrix (PDM) is formed through elaborating the major project components and plans based on the approach selected. The format of PDM is similar to that of the Logical Framework, and therefore can be commonly used worldwide.

STEP6 PDM Appraisal The PDM Appraisal is conducted by an aid agency to ensure the project plan. It is composed of the following stage: (1) Examination of the details of the PDM elements; (2) review of the PDM formation process; (3) examination from the perspective of the five evaluation criteria.

STEP7 Plan of Operations The Plan of Operation is prepared by the project implementers, based on the PDM and other information. It is an effective tool for project implementation and management, and provides important data for monitoring and evaluation of the project.

Rules for Writing Problems •

Write in a Sentence. Make Clear “Subject and Object”. 2. Avoid “No Solution”. • Avoid Generalization.– Be Specific. • Don’t Write a Cause and Effect in One Card. • Be Specific Whose problem.

Example: Format of Plan of Operation Activities

1-1 1-1-1 1-1-2

2-1 2-1-1 2-1-2

Expected Results

Schedule

Person in Charge

Implementer

Materials and Equipment

Cost

Remarks

Monitoring and Evaluation The Five Evaluation Criteria 3. Efficiency 4. Effectiveness 5. Impact 6. Relevance 7. Sustainability

• Efficiency The productivity in project implementation. The degree to which Inputs have been converted into Outputs.

• Effectiveness The degree to which the Project Purpose has been achieved by the project Outputs.

• Impact Positive and negative changes produced, directly or indirectly, as a result of the Implementation of the project.

• Relevance The validity of the Overall Goal and Project Purpose at the evaluation stage.

• Sustainability The durability of the benefits an and development effects produced by the project after its completion.