Problem Based Learning (pbl)

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)

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Diana Farhana Bt Mohd Radzi L20091002855 Siti Fairuz Binti Mohd Noor L20091002852 Ramle Bin Mapalabong L20091002846 Siti Fatimah Bt. Yunus L20091002840 Fong Mae Yee L20091002850 Asma Bt Ishak L20091002868

LEARNING ISSUES 1)

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What are the rules and regulation in lab? Why students come late from the class? What are the experiment skills they should know? Why they did not focus during the experiments session? What are the criteria to write a good lab report? What are the criteria of Safety Lab?

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WHAT ARE THE RULES AND REGULATION IN LAB? Dress Code: Wear laboratory aprons or coats. Do not any article of clothing or jewelry that can hang down.  Always wear safety goggles or glasses whenever you are working with chemical, burners, or any substance that might get into your eyes. 

General Safety Rules: Read all directions for an experiment several times. 3  Never eat or drink in the laboratory.  Know the location and use of all safety equipment. Read your assignment before coming to class and be aware of all safety precautions. 

Using Chemicals Safety: Never

touch, taste or smell any chemicals that you do not know for a fact is harmless.  Be sure you use the correct chemical. Read the label twice.  Never mix chemicals for the “fun of it”.

Heating and Fire Safety: Never use any heat source such as a  Candle or burner without wearing safety goggles.  Never heat a liquid in a closed container.  Use a clamp when handling hot containers. 

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Electrical Equipment Rules: Never

use such metal articles as metal rulers, metal pencils or pens or wear rings when doing electrical work. Turn off all power when setting up circuits or repairing electrical equipment

Using Glassware Safety: Never use broken or chipped glassware.  Never eat or drink from laboratory glassware. 5 When heating glassware, use wire or ceramic screen to protect glassware from the flame of a bunsen burner. 

Using Sharp Instruments: Handle

scalpels with extreme care. Never cut any material toward you. Inform your teacher immediately if you are cut in the laboratory.

End-of-Experiment Rules: When

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an experiment is completed, always clean up your work area and return all equipment to its proper place.  Wash your hands after every experiment. Make sure all candles and burners are turned off before leaving the laboratory.

Student waste time : -Chatting -Go to the toilet -Walk slowly and idly

Why students come late from the class? 7

It could be they are not interested to the subject and they cannot tolerate with labs’rules.

Maybe teacher before that did not allow them to go out before finish the lesson

WHAT ARE THE EXPERIMENT SKILLS THEY SHOULD KNOW? 

Observation: Students gather data by using their senses: see, touch, taste, smell, hear.

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Inferring: Students make inferences from their observation.

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Predicting: Students make prediction about the outcome of a reaction based on their past experience and knowledge.

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Classifying: - Students group things according to similar characteristics. - Items can be classified by size, shape, color, use, or many other aspects.

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Making models: - Students may decide to make a picture, diagram, computer image, or even a model or other representation of what is being observed.

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Communicating: - A students' communication about an experiment may be done in many ways: writing, reading, speaking, listening, and making models. - Students can communicate via a lab report.

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Measuring Length - the common SI measure of length is the meter (m) - a meter stick to measure length or distance.

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Measuring Volume - the common SI measure of volume is the liter (l) - use a graduated cylinder to measure liquid volume

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Measuring Mass - the common SI measure of mass is the gram (g) - use a balance scale to measure mass or weight

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Measuring Temperature - the common SI measure of temperature is in degrees Celsius (° C) - use a thermometer to measure temperature 10

Measurement Tools

The balance scale

Stop watch

The meter stick

Pulley

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WHY THEY DID NOT FOCUS DURING THE EXPERIMENTS SESSION? It is because they did not:  read the manual lab first.  know how to do an experiment. (lack of skills to do an experiments and use equipments)  fully understand the objective of an experiment.  understand the topic that they had learned before doing an experiment.  get full attention from the teacher.  like Physic’s subject and their instructor in 13 the lab.

the manual lab given is not complete.  the instruments and equipments applied is not well functioning.  they did not ready to start the new experiment.  they focusing or thinking about other subject experiment for other subject. (For example is chemistry experiment for next class).  condition of the lab is not comfortable for 14 them. (room temperature, equipments supply, 

WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO WRITE A GOOD LAB REPORT?

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Introduction You should give the aim of the investigation-should be clear and concise. Write the hypothesis and prediction of the investigation. The hypothesis needs to be very clear, giving an exact and complete description of what might happen. Present the different variables. -The independent variable is the one that you alter throughout your experiment.  -The dependent variable is the variable that you measure. -The controlled variables are the ones that you try to keep constant throughout your experiment so that they don’t affect your experiment. 16

2. Materials and methods Give a list of all the equipment used in the experiment..  Use a diagram (picture) to show the experimental set up if you find it necessary.  Describe the method and it should be written in past tense. 

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3. Results 

Data collection -Record all your raw data in tables. -The tables should be numbered and briefly describe the contents of the tables and how you recorded the results. -Titles, units and the uncertainty should be given in the headings of the tables.

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Data Processing and presentation -The data should be processed (calculated) correctly and presented in tables and graphs.  -If you use graphs, they should have a caption in which 18 you describe the contents of the graph. The axes of the graphs have to be labelled with units and the

4. Conclusion 

In the conclusion you should discuss the results you obtained in relation with your hypothesis. Write a conclusion based on an interpretation of the gathered results.

5. Evaluation 

Identifies weaknesses in the experiment and suggests realistic suggestions for improvement

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WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA OF SAFETY LAB?

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1. HAZARD AWARENESS It is the responsibility of the lab staff to strive for a safe working environment in their laboratory. Observed hazards must be identified and corrected immediately .  Hazard Identification 

Notice Boards , Labeling Chemicals 

Health and Hygiene Clothing and Footwear , Electrical Safety

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Laboratory Security Door must be locked if no one is in the lab 21

2. SAFETY EQUIPMENT All safety related equipment and information should be clearly labeled, and stored in an area where it can be easily found in an emergency First

Aid Kits Fire Extinguishers and Fire Alarms Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations Sprinkler Systems 22

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Engineering Controls

Engineering controls are barriers or equipment used to isolate or remove a hazard from the workplace. The ventilation system controlling the air flow, fume hoods, glove boxes, local exhaust .

4. Personal Protective Equipment 

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The responsibility of each staff member to use the PPE correctly and to keep it clean Gloves, Eye Protection, Lab Coats & Respirators

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5. STORAGE AND MATERIAL MANAGEMENT To reduce problem such as misplaced or finished and not re-ordered. unavailability is only noticed just before you want to use them.  Storage should be planned in an orderly way so that each piece of equipment is kept in a specific place.  Cupboard, drawers, shelve and store. 

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