Prevention,prognosis And Epidemiology Of Otitis Media
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Prevention,prognosis And Epidemiology Of Otitis Media as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 520
- Pages: 16
prevention,prog nosis and Presented by Syadzwina Syaufika
Prevention... • The best way to prevent ear infections is to prevent colds and flu. • Good Hygiene..
• Good hygine
Colds and flus are spread
primarily when an infected person coughs or sneezes near someone else. A very common method for transmitting a cold is by shaking hands. Waterless hand cleaners that contain an alcoholbased gel are also effective for everyday use and may even kill cold viruses. (They are less effective, however, if extreme hygiene is required. In such cases, alcohol-based rinses are needed.) Antibacterial soaps add little protection, particularly against viruses.
• Flu Vaccines. Flu vaccines produce an immune response that attacks the active virus. Vaccines are typically given by injection. Antibodies to the influenza virus generally develop within 2 weeks of vaccination, and immunity peaks within 4 - 6 weeks, then gradually wanes.
• Antiviral Drugs. Antiviral drugs are available to treat influenza. One such drug, oseltamivir (Tamiflu), is approved for use in children age 1 year and older. Studies report significant reduction in symptoms and in the incidence of ear infections with this drug.
Preventing Bacterial Infections • Antibiotics have been used to prevent bacterial infections in children with recurrent ear infections (4 or more episodes a year).
• Pneumococcal Vaccine. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) protects against S. pneumoniae (also called pneumococcal) bacteria in children, the most common cause of middle ear infections, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. The recommended schedule of pneumococcal immunization is four doses, given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 - 15 months of age
Dietary Factors and Supplements • Healthy Diet. Daily diets should include foods such as fresh, dark-colored fruits and vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants and other important food chemicals that help boost the immune system.
Prognosis... • There has been some concern that ear infections in infants less than three months old may indicate more serious infections, such as meningitis.
• Chronic otitis media usually responds to treatment, but your child may need to continue taking medicines for several months. Such ear infections are not life threatening but can be uncomfortable and may result in hearing loss and other serious complications.
• With treatment, the prognosis for acute otitis media is very good. However, longlasting accumulations of fluid within the middle ear are a risk both for difficulties with hearing and speech.Furthermore, without treatment, otitis media can lead to an infection within the nearby mastoid bone, called mastoiditis.
Epidemiology... • Race Until recently, prevalence of OM in the United States was reported to be higher in black and Hispanic children than in white children.
• Sex Several more recent studies have shown equal AOM prevalence in males and females; many previous studies had shown increased incidence in boys.
• Age Peak prevalence of OM in both sexes occurs in children aged 6-18 months. • Some studies show bimodal prevalence peaks; a second, lower peak occurs at age 4-5 years and corresponds with school entry. • Although OM can occur at any age, 8090% of cases occur in children younger
Referensi... • www.emedicine.com • www.umm.edu • www.medlineplus.com
-Thank You-
Prevention... • The best way to prevent ear infections is to prevent colds and flu. • Good Hygiene..
• Good hygine
Colds and flus are spread
primarily when an infected person coughs or sneezes near someone else. A very common method for transmitting a cold is by shaking hands. Waterless hand cleaners that contain an alcoholbased gel are also effective for everyday use and may even kill cold viruses. (They are less effective, however, if extreme hygiene is required. In such cases, alcohol-based rinses are needed.) Antibacterial soaps add little protection, particularly against viruses.
• Flu Vaccines. Flu vaccines produce an immune response that attacks the active virus. Vaccines are typically given by injection. Antibodies to the influenza virus generally develop within 2 weeks of vaccination, and immunity peaks within 4 - 6 weeks, then gradually wanes.
• Antiviral Drugs. Antiviral drugs are available to treat influenza. One such drug, oseltamivir (Tamiflu), is approved for use in children age 1 year and older. Studies report significant reduction in symptoms and in the incidence of ear infections with this drug.
Preventing Bacterial Infections • Antibiotics have been used to prevent bacterial infections in children with recurrent ear infections (4 or more episodes a year).
• Pneumococcal Vaccine. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) protects against S. pneumoniae (also called pneumococcal) bacteria in children, the most common cause of middle ear infections, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. The recommended schedule of pneumococcal immunization is four doses, given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 - 15 months of age
Dietary Factors and Supplements • Healthy Diet. Daily diets should include foods such as fresh, dark-colored fruits and vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants and other important food chemicals that help boost the immune system.
Prognosis... • There has been some concern that ear infections in infants less than three months old may indicate more serious infections, such as meningitis.
• Chronic otitis media usually responds to treatment, but your child may need to continue taking medicines for several months. Such ear infections are not life threatening but can be uncomfortable and may result in hearing loss and other serious complications.
• With treatment, the prognosis for acute otitis media is very good. However, longlasting accumulations of fluid within the middle ear are a risk both for difficulties with hearing and speech.Furthermore, without treatment, otitis media can lead to an infection within the nearby mastoid bone, called mastoiditis.
Epidemiology... • Race Until recently, prevalence of OM in the United States was reported to be higher in black and Hispanic children than in white children.
• Sex Several more recent studies have shown equal AOM prevalence in males and females; many previous studies had shown increased incidence in boys.
• Age Peak prevalence of OM in both sexes occurs in children aged 6-18 months. • Some studies show bimodal prevalence peaks; a second, lower peak occurs at age 4-5 years and corresponds with school entry. • Although OM can occur at any age, 8090% of cases occur in children younger
Referensi... • www.emedicine.com • www.umm.edu • www.medlineplus.com
-Thank You-
Related Documents
Otitis Media
June 2020 21
Otitis Media
December 2019 33
Otitis Media
June 2020 23
Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik
May 2020 19
