Presentation 6

presented by Nikeel Idnani, Sales Manager

Middle East – Sales & Service Agents

Objectives: • • • • •

IMO Ballast Water Convention Phase-In NEI VOS dual purpose Ballast Tank Corrosion VOS = Co$t $avings

IMO Ballast Water Convention Phase-In Time-line illustrating Regulation B-3

5000 m3 BW ~ 15000 dwt or 1200 TEU

• Founded 1997 to serve major oil and power companies’ environmental compliance issues

• Involvement in Oil Spill Response brought the ballast water invasive species issue to our attention

• Assessment of existing water treatment technology determined that something new would be required

• Began development in 2002 on de-oxygenation ballast water treatment system: Venturi Oxygen StrippingTM

• Obtained IMO Certification in 2007

World-Wide Manufacturing and Service Licensed to: in Japan. Samgong Co Ltd in S. Korea. Component Suppliers in: Korea Japan USA China Service Companies in: Hamburg, Germany (Northern Europe) Istanbul, Turkey (Mediterranean, Black Sea) Dubai, UAE (East of Suez) Singapore (SE Asia) Pusan, Korea Tokyo, Japan Los Angeles, USA (N. and S. America) Mitsubishi Network – 60 Locations Worldwide

Venturi Oxygen StrippingTM PROTECTION OF BALLAST TANK COATINGS + COMPLIANCE WITH IMO D-2 BALLAST WATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS

Ships & Ballast Tank Corrosion “The life of a ship is determined by the life of the ballast tanks”. Iver Iversen Business Development Manager Wilhelmsen Maritime Services

“Inerting of the double-hull ballast tanks will greatly slow down or stop corrosion”. Michael Kennedy Technical Manager Hellespont Group

Why Is Ballast Tank Inerting A Good Idea? Steel + Water + Oxygen = Rust Ships are made of steel. Water is used as ballast. It is possible to reduce the Oxygen.

O2

Pitting Water Fe+2 and Fe+3

Anode: Fe Fe+2 + 2e Fe+2 Fe+3 + e -

Rust Fe2O3 X H20

Steel

Cathode: O2 + 2H20 + 4e 4OH -

Why Is Ballast Tank Inerting A Good Idea? • Structural Strength is determined by Thickness

CSR Predicted Corrosion Rate of 0.2 mm/yr Image Source: IACS CSR Council External Presentation, 12-06

Why Is Ballast Tank Inerting A Good Idea? • Reduction of Thickness results from flow of electrons:

Fe

Fen+ + ne- (corrosion)

O2

Pitting Water Fe and Fe+3

Rust Fe2O3 X H20

+2

Anode: Fe Fe+2 + 2e +2 Fe Fe+3 + e -

Steel

Cathode: O2 + 2H20 + 4e 4OH -

Why Is Ballast Tank Inerting A Good Idea? • Coating is basically Insulation

• Thicker Coating = Better Insulation

BMT Corrosion Rate Testing – 270 Days Up to 84 % Lower Corrosion

Treated

Untreated

Corrosion Rate Comparison CSR Corrosion Addition is based on 0.15 ~ 0.30 mm/yr Corrosion. Average = 0.20 mm/yr. Based on continuously submerged steel. Not reality in ballast tanks! Humid = 0.55 mm/yr CSR Ballast Space Corrosion Additions = 3.0 mm to 4.5 mm

Wastage Allowance exceeded after 8 years in service.

Corrosion Rate Comparison If Ballast Tanks Protected: 4.5 mm / 0.55 mm/yr (1 – 0.84) = 51 years 3.0 mm / 0.55 mm/yr(1 – 0.84) = 34 years No Steel Renewal required until after 34 years in service.

Corrosion Rate Comparison

Cathodic Protection Cathodic protection does not work when tanks are empty, inerting does Anodes are uncoated and degradation rate α concentration of dissolved oxygen in ballast water Low dissolved oxygen in ballast water will decrease degradation of anodes 5 mA/m2 = 1 kg Zn/7 m2 ballast tank surface area = 2000 x 22 kg Zn anodes for ULCC = $200k!

2007 TI Africa from First Special Survey

Ballast Tank Coatings - PSPC Ballast Tank Surface Area of Double Hull Ships Single Hull VLCC had 40,000 m2 Double Hull VLCC has 200,000 m2 PSPC Cost to Coat – HHI estimates the cost of a VLCC will increase by $20,000,000 to comply with PSPC. PSPC Target Useful Coating Life of 15 Years… But Section 4.1 – “The actual useful life will vary, depending on numerous variables including actual conditions encountered in service.” New PSPC Maintenance Rules will likely make at-sea coating maintenance & repair impossible. Future dry-dock coating repair must be to PSPC – also much more expensive than current methods.

Oxidizers Increase Corrosion & Degrade Coatings “Aqueous corrosion of steels in natural waters depends entirely on the availability of oxygen”. International Ship Structure Committee Deterioration of Structural Intergrity Due to Chemical Treatment of Ballast Water 2005

Ozone = Chlorine Dioxide = PeraClean (H2O2) =

up to 250% higher corrosion up to 200% higher corrosion up to 200% higher corrosion

VOS =

up to 85% LOWER corrosion

Using oxidizing treatment: Accelerated oxidation of retained solvents may reduce coating elongation, leading to premature embrittlement, flaking, cracking, etc.

VOS Works in Any Water, Any Season • Electro-chlorination only works in Sea Water • Ozone only works in Sea Water (requires bromine) • UV only works in Clean, Clear Water • Oxidizers (ozone, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, PeraClean, etc.) only work in Clean Water • VOS Requires No Filters and Always Works the Same

List of Fresh/Brackish Water Ports • • • • • • • • • •

Rotterdam (World’s 3rd Busiest Port) Antwerp (World’s 6th Busiest Port) All Yangtze River (24 Major Ports, Including Shanghai) Houston (World’s 9th Busiest Port) New York (World’s 15th Busiest Port) All Baltic Sea (23 Major Ports) New Orleans/Lower Miss. (Busiest US Port Complex) Shenzhen, China Hamburg (World’s 19th Busiest) ETC., At Least 75 Major Ports Worldwide

• Ozone and Electro-chlorination will not work in any of these locations.

How VOS Works

How VOS Works

VOS System is Compact & Simple

No Chemicals to Buy or Transport No Chemicals Released to the Environment •

Reoxygenation upon release is rapid Ambient

<1 meter

3 meters

DO (mg/l) 10.5

8.7

10.5

pH

7.0

7.8

7.8

System Operation • Ballasting operation: 1. Push Blue Button to align valves 2. Push Green Button to start pumps 3. Push Red Button to stop

• Deballasting operation: 1. Push White Button to align valves 2. Push Green Button to start pumps 3. Push Red Button to stop

• Chart Recorder

Shipboard Installations

IGG

Venturi Injectors

Shipboard Installations Deck piping

VOS is Type Approved •

•

•

• •

Funding by NOAA as part of US Ballast Water Technology Demonstration Program Land Based Testing by the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL), University of Maryland Shipboard Testing by CBL and the Marine Invasions Research Laboratory of Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (US Federal Govt. Lab) Technical Review by ABS Certificate Issued by Liberian Register (Vienna, VA, USA)

Shipboard Testing • TECO Pat Cantrell • 40,000 DWT Bulker • Trades US Gulf and East Coast • 2 x 1,000 m3/hr pumps • Double-bottom and top-side tanks

Biological Treatment - Zooplankton

Number of live zooplankton/m3

(> 50 microns) 20 Correspond controls had concentrations of live zooplankton always > 15,000/m3

15

IMO Standard = 10

10

5

0

0 VOS 48 hr

VOS 72 hr

VOS 120 hr

0 VOS 168 hr

Biological Treatment - Bacteria Enterococci 200

E. coli 500

* Initial concentrations > 800 cfu/100 ml

400

IMO Standard

100

50

CFU/100 ml

150

CFU/100 ml

* Initial concentrations > 800 cfu/100 ml

300 IMO Standard

200 100

0

0

1 hr

24 hr

1 hr

24 hr

Cost Savings > Cost of the VOS System • With VOS, research shows ballast tank survey rating is “Good” throughout ship’s life • With VOS there is no need to repair coatings, replace anodes, renew steel, etc. • Without VOS, over life of 20K DWT vessel, ballast tank maintenance can be $800,000

• What if Venturi Oxygen StrippingTM Saves Only 50 Percent?

presented by Nikeel Idnani, Sales Manager

Middle East – Sales & Service Agents Tel: +971 4 3241001 Email: [email protected] www.albwardymarine.com