Power Factor Improvement Techniques.docx

Power Factor and it’s Improvement Techniques

OUTLINES:1.Introduction 2. It’s importance 3.The need of it’s improvement 4.Benefits of improvement 5.Improvement techniques

INTRODUCTION:-the power factor of an electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing through the load to the apparent power to the circuit.it is the dimensionless number in the closed interval to-1 to 1 Power factor=active power/apparent power ACTIVE POWER:-the form of power which we provide to any kind of load that Is directly utilized by it to produce heat.(without storing any part of the power ) REACTIVE POWER:-the amount of power that is stored in any elements of electric circuit. APPARENT POWER:-it is the total power supplied by the supply it is the sum of active and reactive power. A power factor of 100%is ideal and occurs when the current does not lag the voltage.under ideal conditions current and voltage are in phase and in this condition inductors are present.

IMPORTANCE OF POWER FACTOR FOR ANY EQUIPMENT:-The unity power factor is the goal of any electric utility company since the factor is less then one they have to supply more current to the user for a given amount of power use.when the power factor is one all the energy supplied by the source is consumed by the load . power factor is usually stated as leading or lagging to show the sign of the phase angle.

THE NEED OF ITS IMPROVEMENT :- So as we know that apparent power is denoted as kvA and active power is denoted as KW reactive power is denoted as KVAR. Power factor is the ratio of the KW to KVA.in any electrical system a load with a low power factor draws more current then a load for a high power factor for the same amount of the power transferred. The higher current increases the energy lost in the distribution system and requires larger wires and other equipments. Because of the larger equipments and wasted energy electrical utilities will usually charge a higher cost to industrial and commercial customers.

BENEFITS OF IMPROVEMENT:-there are numerous benefits to be gained through power factor correction.these benefits range from reduced demand charges on your power system to increased load carrying capabilities in your existing circuits and overall reduced power system losses and benefits of power factor correction are not just limited to the balance sheet there are also huge environment benefits associated with it. So the benefits are:1. Reduced demand charges 2. Increased load carrying capabilities in existing circuits 3. improved voltage 4. reduced power system losses And in short it maximize the current carrying capacity of the equipment reduced losses increase the voltage inn your device.

IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES:1.Capacitors 2. Synchronous condensers 3. Phase advancer 4.Reactive current compensation .

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