Pengantar Geo 1

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PENGANTAR GEOGRAFI Setelah mengikuti perkuliahan ini, mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan dasar tentang Geografi

Geografi • Sebagai Pengetahuan tentang Bumi sudah dikenal sejak zaman Yunani kuno. • Bukti : – Th. 550 SM : Pembuatan Peta Bumi I oleh Anaximandros. – Th. 400 SM : Herodotus membuat peta sekitar Laut Tengah sebagai hasil penjelajahannya. – Th. 150 SM : Ptolemeus membuat peta Dunia I : Asia, Afrika dan Eropa, juga menulis buku GEOGRAFICE HYPHEGESYS (8 jilid) : buku ttg pengetahuan bumi dan bangsa-bangsa.

Geografi – Perkembangan berikutnya : abad I masehi – pertengahan abad 17 : Portugis, Spanyol, Belanda dan Arab, merupakan laporan hasil petualangan dan perdagangan. – 1650 : Bernhardus Varenius (Bernard Varens) menulis buku : Geographie Generalis, in qua affectiones Generales Telluris Explicature (3 jilid – 28 Bab).

– Kandungan buku tersebut : • • • • • •

I-VI : Kedudukan bumi di Tata Surya VII – XI : Susunan fisik Bumi XII – XIII : Morfologi dasar laut XIV – XVIII : Air, Sungai, lembah, Laut XIX – XXVI : Lapisan Atmosfer Bumi XXVII – XXVIII : Tumbuhan dan Hewan

• 1825 : CARL RITTER (Guru besar Geografi I Universitas Friederch Wilhelm di Berlin) merintis Geografi sebagai Ilmu atau disiplin akademik.

Pengertian Geografi • Hartshorne (1959) : Geography is concerned to provide an accurate, orderly, and rational description of the variable character of the earth surface. • Ackerman (1963): Its goal nothing less than an understanding of the vast, interacting system comprising all humanity and its natural environment on the surface of the earth. • Ad Hoc Committee on Geography (1965) : Geography seeks to explain how the subsystems of the physical environment are organized on the earth’s surface, and how man distributes himself over the earth relation to physical features and to other men.

Pengertian Geografi • Hagget (1965) : It is relevant to note that geography enquires in recent years concern mainly with : (a) the ecological system, (b) the spatial system. The first relates man to his environment while the second deals with linkages between regions in a complex interchange of flows. In both systems movements and contacts are of fundamental importance. • Semloknas Geografi th. 1989 di IKIP Semarang : Geografi adalah Ilmu yang mempelajari persamaan dan perbedaan fenomena Geosfer dengan sudut pandang kelingkunganan atau kewilayahan dalam konteks keruangan.

Konsep Geografi • Konsep Lokasi • Konsep Jarak • Konsep Keterjangkauan (Waktu) • Konsep Pola • Konsep Morfologi

• Konsep Aglomerasi • Konsep Nilai Guna • Konsep Interaksi dan Interdepedensi • Konsep diferensiasi areal • Konsep keterkaitan keruangan

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