аня леонова. реферат по истории религий на тему «праздники святых-покровителей городов на юге италии (сицилия, калабрия)»

!"# $%. !.&.'(%()(*(+, -,./01232 4/5),0$*2$.$

6,7385, 7$0(*(7$$ 530$9$$ $ 530$9$(+383)$: 7$0(*(7*.(9( 7,./01232,

;3735,2 <( $*2(5$$ 530$9$= ), 23%/ «>5,?8)$.$ *+:2@A-<(.5(+$2303= 9(5(8(+ ), B93 C2,0$$ (D$E$0$:, 6,0,F5$:)»

>(89(2(+$0,: G)), '3()(+,, *2/83)2., 95/<<@ 417, %348/),5(8)(9( (28303)$: >53<(8,+,2301: H.6. I%$25$3+,

!(*.+,-2009

D(8354,)$3 I.

&+383)$3………………………………………………………………………..*. 3-6

II.

>5,?8)$.$ *+:2@A <(.5(+$2303= ), J93 C2,0$$ 1) D,)2, G9,2,, +30$.(%/K3)$E, $ <(.5(+$2301)$E, 6,2,)$$………..*.7-8 2) D,) L1:84(, <,25() D,03%$. >5,?8)$. A03F,…………………………...*.8 3) D,) 6,0(8435(-(2M301)$., <(.5(+$2301 G95$843)2(. N,%F/5$)@………………………………………………………………….*.8-9 4) D,) 6(55,8(-(2M301)$., <,25() H(2(. «&(?+5,O3)$3»…………........*. 9 5) >5,?8)$. D+:23=M39( P5$*2,, <(.5(+$230: 6,0,2,7$%$……........*.9-10 6) 6,+,0135 D,) I4(584$(, <,25() ;,9/?@ CF0@……………………….*. 10 7) D,) I4/?3<<3-<0(2)$.. #4$)@ D,) I4/?3<<3…………………...*. 10-11 8) D,)2, '/K$:, 83+,-+30$.(%/K3)$E,, <(.5(+$2301)$E, D$5,./?@…………………………………………………………………*. 11-12 9) !,8()), 8300, '32235,, <(.5(+$2301)$E, !3**$)@. «&,5,» ……………………………………………………………………….....*. 12-13 10) !,8()), 8300, &$?$2,E1()3 (>(*32$2301)$E,), <(.5(+$2301)$E, Q))@……………………………………………………………………….*. 13-14 11) D,) !$.303, ,5A,)930, <,25() 6,012,)$*322@. I3+:21 *+3K3=……....*. 14 12) D,) >,(0(, <,25() >,0,EE(0( G.53$83. «R35,/0$»…………..........*. 14-15 13) D,)2, ;(?,0$:, <(.5(+$2301)$E, >,035%(………………………………*.15 14) D,) D3F,*21:)(, <,25() !30$00$. >,0(%)$K3*2+( «)/5$»…................*.15 15) D,) D$01+3*25(, <,25() N5($)@. «6/FF,$2,»……………………….*. 15-16 16) D,) &$2(, <,25() !,E,5@ 8301 &,00(……………………………………*. 16

III.

D+:2@3 + 6,0,F5$$…………………………………………………………..*. 17-18

IV.

6/012@…………………………………………………………………………*. 18-21

V.

S,.0BK3)$3……………………………………………………………………….*. 22

VI.

D<$*(. $*<(01?(+,))(= 0$235,2/5@………………………………………….*. 23

VII.

>5$0(43)$:……………………………………………………………………*. 23-25

2

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–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

J(/)) 9/)23)* %4C#"+(6%, & +#)+ -)")), &=,*(, %= '4%1% “Feste Patronali di Sicilia. Culti, tradizioni, rituali e folklore della devozione popolare”. Maria Adele Di Leo. Tascabili economici Newton. 2000.

3

4( 1/(&4;@ -(*"#4#& % &*#"#9*)-)44;@ 9&,*;@, &;7%"()+;@ 1"($2(49'%+% 9#&)*(+%. «!"#%9@#$2)4%)» +4#1%@ 9&,*;@ 9&,=(4# 9 %9*#"%)A *)@ 1#"#2#&, 12) #4% -"#$%&(/%, )8) 4) 7323>% '(4#4%=%"#&(44;+%. I(-"%+)", & !(/)"+# 1773 1#2( 4(9>%*;&(/#9: 15 1/(&4;@ % 20 &*#"#9*)-)44;@ 9&,*;@, %= '#*#";@ >)*&)"# (9&,*(, I%4C(, 9&,*(, E/%&(, 9&. O1(*( % F(2#44( 2)/( P)**)"(), 7;&.%) «#C%6%(/:4;+%»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– %@ -"#9,* #9*(4#&%*: =(93@3, =)+/)*",9)4%,, -")2#*&"(*%*: 1#/#2 % 0-%2)+%%, %=/)>%*: #* *,$)/#A 7#/)=4%, '#12( 3$) 4)/:=, $2(*: -#+#8% 9")29*&(+% =)+4;+%. E*4#.)4%, +)$23 &)"3<8%+ % 9&,*;+ -)"9#4(/%=%"3<*9,, &#* -#>)+3 #7"(=3<*9, '3/:*; -#'/#4)4%, 9&,*;+ #24#1# '&("*(/( % 2($) 3/%6;. J#@#2%* &-/#*: 2# *#1#, >*# & Q(13=) 9*#"#44%'% 9&,*#1# J$#&(44% R(**%9*; 7#"<*9, 9 *)+%, '*# &)"%* & 9(4 J$#"2$%# (2($) 7;/% =(C%'9%"#&(4; '"#&(&;) 9*#/'4#&)4%,). L(' )9*: 9")2% 9&,*;@ «"(=2)/)4%) #7,=(44#9*)A», *(' % & %'#4#1"(C%% #4% -")29*(&/)4; -#-"(=4#+3. I(-"%+)", 4(%7#/)) -#>%*()+;A 9&,*#A 4( &9)+ #9*"#&) – 5(4 J$3=)--) – %=#7"($()*9, 9 $)=/#+, 4( &)"@3 '#*#"#1# "(9-#/#$)4( /%/%,, ( 5(4 !(#/# – 9 1(2<'#A & "3'(@, *(' '(' )1# -#'"#&%*)/:9*&# 9-(9()* #* ,2#&%*;@ 3'39#&. ?4*)")94#, >*# -#'"#&%*)/:9*&# 0*# "(9-"#9*"(4,)*9, *('$) % 4( $%&#*4;@, '#*#";) *#$) -"%4%+(<* 9(+#) ('*%&4#) 3>(9*%) & -"(=24%>4;@ +)"#-"%,*%,@ – %@ 4(",$(<* & "#9'#.4;) #2)$2;. ?=#7"($)4%, 9&,*;@ % (+3/)*; 4) *#/:'# &).(<* 4( .)<, 4# % '/(23* 4( 1/(=( (5(4*( P3>%, -#+#1()* 3/3>.%*: =")4%)), 4( 3'39; 7).)4;@ 9#7(' (5(4 D%*#) % *.2. L($2;A 9&,*#A «#*+)>()*» 9&#A -"(=24%' –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

+4#1#>%9/)44;+% "#29*&)44%'(+%); 1#*#&,* +,9# 4( 31/,@ % 2"313< )23, -)'3* -%"#1. !#9/) 3$%4( 4(>%4()*9, 9&#)#7"(=4(, +%9*)"%,. I(-"%+)", & &;9#'#1#"4#+ 1#"#2') 4( 9)&)") 5%6%/%% -#2 4(=&(4%)+ F#4*(/:7(4# )$)1#24# 39*"(%&()*9, -#'(= 9")24)&)'#&#A +#2; – .)9*&%) -# 3/%6(+ 1#"#2'( ('(' '")9*4;A @#2) &#'"31 6)"'&% & '#9*<+(@ 1#"#$(4 9")24)&)'#&#A 0-#@%, '#*#"#) &#=1/(&/,<* '#"#/: % '#"#/)&(. O #2%4 +#A 2"31 2($) -"%4%+(/ 3>(9*%) & 9-)'*('/), 12) %1"(/ ";6(", Q32$)"# – -#9/)24)1# *(+-/%)"(, -#$)"*&#&(&.)1# 9&#)A $%=4:< "(2% &)";. D 24% $) 9&,*;@--(*"#4#& & +(/)4:'%@ paesino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–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«!"(=24%'% 9&,*;@--#'"#&%*)/)A 5%6%/%%. L3/:*;, *"(2%6%% % C#/:'/#" 4("#24;@ &)"#&(4%A», ,&/,<83< 9#7#A -#2"#74#) %99/)2#&(4%) ")/%1%#=4;@ '3/:*#& 5%6%/%% (Maria Adele Di Leo. “Feste Patronali di Sicilia. Culti, tradizioni, rituali e folklore della devozione popolare”). D 9&#< #>)")2:, #7 #7",2(@ -"(=24#&(4%, 24)A 5&,*;@ & L(/(7"%% "(99'(=;&()* %//<9*"%"#&(44#) %=2(4%) +34%6%-(/%*)*( Q)2$%# 2% L(/(7"%, «!3*% &)"; % +%"(» (“Percorsi di pace e di fede”). I)'#*#";) %9*#"%>)9'%) 2(44;) 9&)")4; -# 5

'4%1) 5(4*% L#"")4*% (Santi Corrent) «L"(*'(, %9*#"%, 5%6%/%%: #* &#=4%'4#&)4%, 2# 4(.%@ 24)A» (“Breve Storia della Sicilia dalle origini ai giorni nostri”).

6

D,)2, G9,2,, +30$.(%/K3)$E, $ <(.5(+$2301)$E, 6,2,)$$ 5#1/(94# 9*("%44;+ %9*#>4%'(+, 5(4*’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«&)/#»), >*#7; -#+#/%*:9, #7 #'#4>(4%% =)+/)*",9)4%,. H*4(, 3$) 7;/# 4(>(&.(, %=&)"1(*:9,, &2"31 #9*(4#&%/(9:. M)-)": 0*#* 9(&(4 >*,* #9#7# – )+3 -#'/#4,<*9,, '(' +#8(+. «D)/#», -# -")2(4%<, %= 7)/#1# 9*(/# '"(94;+ #* /(&;, 9#.)2.)A & 1#"#2 -"% %=&)"$)4%% &3/'(4(. W)9*&#&(4%) 9&,*#A 4(>%4()*9, 9 '#46( ,4&(",. 3 C)&"(/, 1#"#29'(, -"#6)99%, 9# 9&)>(+% #*-"(&/,)*9, & '(")*), c*(4#&/)44#A -# +#2)/% '(")*; S)"2%4(42( II 2) R3"7#4( (& 0*#+ 2)A9*&) -"%4%+()* 3>(9*%) % +0" 1#"#2(), &#'"31 1#"#2(. E4% 9*(&,* 9&)>% 5(4*’O1(*), -"%>)+ 0*#* "%*3(/ 9 1435 1#2( 9>%*(/9, #7,=(*)/:4;+ & L(*(4%% 2/, &9)@ $%*)/)A +34%6%-(/%*)*(. I# 9(+ '3/:* 7;/ 2#9*(*#>4# 4)3-#",2#>)44;+, & 9&,=% 9 >)+ & 1522 1#23 J#4 O/:&("# 2% !(*)"4# & ").)4%%, -"%4,*#+ +)9*4;+ 932#+, #*+)*%/ 4)#7@#2%+#9*: 3-#",2#>%*: '3/:* 9&,*#A. M)-)": -"#6)99%, 4(>%4(/(9: 4 C)&"(/, 9 &43*")44)1# '"31( #* &#"#* N2=)2; ('#"#/)&9'%A "#2 +#4("@%>)9'#A 5%6%/%% – -"%+. G. '.). B(*)+ &9) &@#2,* &43*": 9#7#"( % 9#&)".(<* &43*")44%A '"31, -#9/) >)1# 4( 9/)23<8%A 2)4: &9) -#&*#",)*9, =(4#&# – *#/:'# 4(>%4()*9, 9 &43*")44)1# '"31( % '#4>()*9, &4).4%+, '#12( %= 6)"'&% &;4#9,*9, 9&,8)44;) ")/%'&%%. 5(4*’O1(*( – 0*# )8) % -"(=24%' ")+)9)/, '#*#";) 2# 1837 1#2( #7G)2%4,/%9: *#/:'# -# -"#C)99%#4(/:4#+3 -"%=4('3, ( 9 *#1# 1#2( -#/3>%/% 4(=&(4%) «'"31#& O1(*;» (% >(9*%>4# 4(-#/4%/%9: ")/%1%#=4;+ 9#2)"$(4%)+). D 5#7#") L(*(4%% @"(4,*9, 4) *#/:'# 9&,8)44;) ")/%'&%%, 4# % +4#1%) -"#%=&)2)4%, %9'399*&(. B2)9: $) 4(@#2%*9, % '(-)//( 9&,*#A--#'"#&%*)/:4%6;, '#*#"(, -#9/) '"($% 1890 1#2( 7;/( =('";*( 4( $)/)=4;A =(+#'. L(' 3$) #*+)>(/#9:, 9%+&#/ -"(=24%'( 9&,*#A O1(*; – 7)/;) #2)$2; 2)&3.)', %238%@ -# 3/%6(+ 7#9%'#+. ?@ #2)$2; -#/3>%/% 4(=&(4%) «+).'(» %=-=( 9&#)A 9#24#9*%. Q(4:.) 7;/# -"%4,*#, >*#7; 2)&3.'% =('";&(/% 1/(=( «+(9'(+%» (&

7

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«9&%4'%». 5&. R:,2$# ,&/,)*9, *('$) -#'"#&%*)/)+ L#+%=#, 4)7#/:.#A 2)")&3.'% 4)-#2(/)'3 #* Q(13=;. !"(=24#&(4%, & >)9*: 9&,*#1# -"#@#2,* 9 5 -# 9 %)9*&( '"(9#>4;@ C#4(")A. 5(4 R:,2$#, '"#+) *#1#, -#'"#&%*)/:9*&3)* -#9)&4;+ "(7#*(+. 5%+&#/#+ 5(4 R:,2$# ,&/,)*9, $13*, -#&,=(44;A &#'"31 .)%. T1# $) -#&,=;&(<* 4( .)< $%&#*4;@, >*#7; #1"(2%*: %@ #* 7#/)=4)A. D# &")+, -"(=24#&(4%,, '(' 3$) #*+)>(/#9:, -"#%9@#2%* "(=2(>( @/)7(, *"(2%6%#44(, C#"+( '#*#"#1# – C#"+( 1#"/(, "3'%, 9("(4>% ('#*#"(, 4(/)*)/( 4( 5(/)+% % 7;/( -#7)$2)4( "3'#A 9&,*#1#) % $)=/(, 9 7#'3 3'"(.)44#1# 6&)*(+% ('(' 9%+&#/( -/#2#"#2%,). D,) 6,0(8435(-(2M301)$., <(.5(+$2301 G95$843)2(. N,%F/5$)@. 5(4 L(/#2$)"# – #2%4 %= 4(%7#/)) -#>%*()+;@ 9&,*;@ & B(-(24#A >(9*% 5%6%/%%, *(' '(' #4 9>%*()*9, «#*&)*9*&)44;+» =( 97#" /)*4)1# 3"#$(,. ?+, L(/#2$)"# #7#=4(>()* «-")'"(94;A 9*(")6»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«#C%6%(/:4;+» -#'"#&%*)/)+ O1"%2$)4*# & -"#*%&#&)9 5(4 J$)"/(42#, #>)4: -#>%*()+ 1#"#$(4(+%) 2/%/#9: 6)/;A +)9,6, 4# 9)1#24, #4# #1"(4%>%&()*9, *#/:'# -)"&#A 4)2)/)A %%*)/:4#A >)"*#A -"(=24#&(4%, ,&/,)*9, .)9*&%) -# 3/%6(+ 1#"#$(4 9 8

*(+73"%4(+%, -"#9/(&/,<8%@ -/#2#"#2%). D 6)")+#4%% %9-#/:=3<*9, 9'3/:-*3"4;) %=#7"($)4%, 9&,*#1#. 5*(*30*'( 5&,*#1# L(/#2$)"# 9 "(9'";*#A '4%1#A -)")2()*9, #* #*6( ' 9;43 & '($2#A ")/%1%#=4#A 9)+:). 5(4 L(/#2$)"# -#>%*()*9, *('$) & M)"+%4% ?+)")=), '#*#";A 9&,*#A, 9#1/(94# -")2(4%< 9-(9 #* 4()4%,. D,) 6(55,8(-(2M301)$., <,25() H(2(. «&(?+5,O3)$3». Q#2%/9, 9&,*#A & 1290 1#23 & !:,6)46). K#&#",*, >*# 7;/ #4 %= 7#1(*#A 9)+:%, 4# #24($2; 9#&)".%/ 9)":)=4#) -"(("3.)4%) – &# &")+, #@#*; 9-(/%/ >(9*: /)9(. ? @#*, #4 +#1 9-#'#A4# #*'3-%*:9, #* 4('(=(4%,, L#""(2# ").%/ 9*(*: #*.)/:4%'#+ % &9< $%=4: %9'3-(*: 9&#< &%43. E4 -#9)/%/9, & #24#+ %= 1"#*#& I#*#, 12) $%/ 2# 1351 1#2(. !#>%*(*: )1# 4(>(/% -"% !(-) P)#4) X, '#*#";A -#$)/(/, >*#7; +#8% 5(4 L#""(2# 7;/% =(@#"#4)4; & 9-)6%(/:4#A 9)")7",4#A 3"4) & I#*#. 5(+ 1#"#2 7;/ &9'#") "(="3.)4 =)+/)*",9)4%)+ % =(4#&# #*9*"#)4 & 2#/%4) – -#/4#9*:< & 9*%/) 7("#''#, '('%+ #4 -")29*()* -)")2 4(.%+% &=1/,2(+% % 9)A>(9. !"(=24#&(4%) & >)9*: 9&,*#1# -"#@#2%* 2&($2; & 1#2 – 19 C)&"(/, (& 2)4: )1# 9+)"*%) % & -#9/)24)) '")9)4:) (&139*( (&9)1# 4 -"#6)99%% & 1#2). M), '*# -)")4#9%* 9&,8)44;) ")/%'&%% &# &")+, -"(=24#&(4%A, #2)*;, '(' #7;>4#, & 7)/;) #2),4%,, ( 4( 1#/#&(@ 3 4%@ >)"4;) 7)")*; %= 7("@(*(. D 7#/:.3< #>)")2:, '#*#"(, .)9*&3)* -# 3='%+ 3/#>'(+ I#*#, &;9*"(%&(<*9, 7"(*9*&( – '(+)48%'#&, 9(-#$4%'#&, 7"(*9*&# 9&. L(*)"%4; % 2"31%). 5>%*()*9,, >*# 5(4 L#""(2# -#+#1()* &;/)>%*: 2)*)A #* 1";$%. ?4*)")94#, >*# &9) '3/:*;, 9&,=(44;) 9 0*%+ 9&,*;+, '('%+-*# #7"(=#+ '#"")/%"3<* 9 #78%+ &)9)/:)+ – 4(-"%+)", *), '*# &;4#9,* 3"43, #7,=(*)/:4# *(463<* "%*3(/:4;A *(4)6. O &9) &)"3<8%) 4(>%4(<* (-/#2%"#&(*:, '#12( )) &4#9,* & @"(+ % (!) *,43*:9, ' 4)A ,=;'(+%, >*#7; /%=43*: )) % -#/3>%*: >(9*%63 7/(1#2(*%. 5 1695 1#2( & I#*# -#,&%/(9: % 2"31(, 6)")+#4%, – #4( 4(=;&()*9, «D#=&"(8)4%) 5(4 L#""(2#»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«2(";» -#2/%44#A 6)44#9*%. D .)9*&%% -"%4%+(<* 3>(9*%) "(=4;) «9/#%» 4(9)/)4%, – 7#"1)=% ('(&(/:)";), '(&(//("% (-#>*% *# $), >*# % 7#"1)=%) % +(99("% ('")9*:,4)), ( *('$) -(9*3@% % *(' 2(/)). E4% 4)93* 9

9 9#7#A *%-%>4;) -"#23'*; ")1%#4(. K#"2#9*: '(&(//("% – ")+)9/)44(, -#&#='(, #C#"+/)44(, & +)9*4#+ '#/#"%*). !("(//)/:4# 9 -"(=24%'#+ U"%9*( =2)9: >)9*&3)*9, % 9#--#'"#&%*)/:4%6( 1#"#2( F("%, 5(4*%99%+( 2% J$37%4#. D9) 3>(9*4%'% -("(2( 2)"$(* & "3'(@ .*(42("*; "(=4;@ 6&)*#& 9 9%+&#/%'#A, '#*#"(, -#=&#/,)* #*2)/%*: #24# 9#9/#&%) #* 2"31#1#. 6,+,0135 D,) I4(584$(, <,25() ;,9/?@ CF0@. F; +#$)+ -#=4('#+%*:9, 9 7%#1"(C%)A 5(4 J$#"2$# *#/:'# -# 1")>)9'#+3 %9*#>4%'3 V &)'(. ?+, J$#"2$%# #=4(>()* «C)"+)"». !# #7%/%< -#2&%1#&, '#*#";) )+3 -"%-%9;&(<*9,, +#$4# 932%*: # 4)+ '(' # C%13") -#%9*%4) +%C%>)9'#A. Q#2%&.%9: & L(-#2#>>), #4 7;/ #C%6)"#+ & ("+%% J%#'/)6%(4(. L")9*%/9, & @"%9*%(49'3< &)"3. E24('# '#12( &#A9'( #'(=(/%9: & !(/)9*%4), J%#'/)6%(4 %4%6%%"#&(/ 7#":73 9 @"%9*%(4(+%. 5(4 J$#"2$%# +3$)9*&)44# 9"($(/9, =( &)"3, ( -#*#+3 7;/ =(+3>)4. D 17 &)') >(9*: 1#"#2( Q(13=( 7;/( "(="3.)4( =)+/)*",9)4%)+, -#0*#+3 -"%./#9: "(=2)/%*: 1#"#2 4( Q(13=3 ?7/3 % Q(13=3 53-)":#") (1/(&43<), -(*"#4#+ '#*#";@ 7;/ 5&. J$#&(44% R(**%9*(. M3* % 4(>(/#9: 9#-)"4%>)9*&# «2$#&(4%A6)&» % «2$#"2$%A6)&», -"#2#/$(&.))9, 4)9'#/:'# 9*#/)*%A. I# 9)1#24, 9*(*3% #7#%@ 9&,*;@ 9*#,* ",2#+ 2"31 9 2"31#+ & «+%")». !"(=24%' 5(4 J$#"2$# 9)1#24, #*+)>()*9, & -#9/)24)) '")9)4:) +(,, % 4) *#/:'# & Q(13=), 4# % -# &9)A 5%6%/%%, *(' '(' 5(4 J$#"2$%# – «1/#7(/:4;A» =(8%*4%' #* &#A4;, 1#/#2( % >3+;. 5(4 J$#"2$%# – 4(. 5&,*#A K)#"1%A, -#'"#&%*)/: F#9'&;, 37%&(<8%A 2"('#4(. H*#, -#$(/3A, 9(+;A %=&)9*4;A %= )1# -#2&%1#&. !#0*#+3 4( -"(=24%' 5(4 J$#"2$%# #7,=(*)/:4# &;4#9,* #1"#+43< -(9*: 2"('#4( %= -(-:)-+(.). !"#6)99%< & >)9*: 5(4 J$#"2$%# #"1(4%=3<* % & F#2%') – & *)>)4%) 2&3@ 24)A 23-24 (-")/,. D,) I4/?3<<3-<0(2)$.. #4$)@ D,) I4/?3<<3. L3/:* 9&,*#1# "(9-"#9*"(4)4 7#/)) >)+ & 13 '#++34(@ % &'/<>()* & 9)7, &9) *) "%*3(/;, >*# -"#%=,*9, & 24% 2"31%@ 9&,*;@, -#*#+3 >*# C%13"( 5(4 J$3=)--) (9&. ?#9%C(), #*6( ?%939( U"%9*(, & '(*#/%>)9*&) 9>%*()*9, #24#A %= '/<>)&;@. L -"(=24%'3 5(4 J$3=)--) 19 +("*( 1#*#&,* -")'"(94;A (/*(":, 3'"(.)44;A +%"*#+, /(&"#&;+% % #/%&'#&;+% &)*&,+%, 6&)*(+%. D9) 0*# "(=+)8()*9, 4( 2)")&,44#A '#49*"3'6%%, & 6)4*") '#*#"#A – %=#7"($)4%) 5&,*#1# 5)+)A9*&(. D .)9*&%%, '(' 3$) #*+)>(/#9:, -"%4%+()* 3>(9*%) 9#*4, +(/)4:'%@ 2)*)A, -"%>)+ *"#%+ #7,=(*)/:4# 2#9*(<*9, "#/% F(2#44;, )) +3$( % 9(+#1# +/(2)46(-?%939(. Y&)*'#+ 5(4 J$3=)--) ,&/,)*9, /%/%,, & *# &")+, '(' F("%, #7;>4# (99#6%%"3)*9, 9 "#=#A '(' 9%+&#/#+ >%9*#*; % 4)&%44#9*% % C%4%'(+% ('#*#";) #4(, -# -")2(4%<, )/( -#9/) 7)19*&( & T1%-)*); ?%939 $) 4(@#2%*9, & #'"3$)4%% -*%6 % $(9+%4(. 5(4 J$3=)--) 9>%*()*9, =(8%*4%'#+ 2)*)A-9%"#* % #2%4#'%@ $)48%4, ( 10

*('$) &##78) &9)@ 7)24;@, -#0*#+3 % 4( 3$%4; & >)9*: 0*#1# 9&,*#1# 1#"#2 -"%1/(.()* 9(+;@ 7)24;@ 9&#%@ $%*)/)A. ?@ 7#/)) 7#1(*;) 9#9)2% =( 4)9'#/:'# 24)A 2# 4(>(/( -"(=24#&(4%, 4(>%4(<* 1#*#&%*: #1"#+4#) '#/%>)9*&# )2; – 0*# % @/)7 "(=4#A C#"+;, '#*#";A =(*)+ "(=2("%&()*9, 2"3=:,+ % "#29*&)44%'(+, % 2"31%) 7/<2(. !"(=24#&(4%) +#$)* -"#@#2%*: 4( 3/%6) – % *#12( (/*(": -#+)8()*9, 4)-#2(/)'3 #* 9*#/#&, %/% $) 4(#7#"#*, )9/% )2,* 2#+(, *# (/*(": &4#9,* &43*":, & *3 '#+4(*3, 12) -"#@#2%* -%". 5>%*()*9,, >*# #9*(&/,*: )23 4( *(")/'(@ –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«J( =2"(&9*&3)* 5(4-J$3=)--)!». D O/%+)4) $) 19 +("*( #"1(4%=3)*9, 7(4')*, 4( '#*#";A -"%4,*# -"%1/(.(*: 13 +(/:>%'#&-9%"#*. D S(&(") >)9*&#&(4%, 5(4 J$3=)--) -"%4%+(<* C#"+3 ('*#& %9*%44#A &)";. B2)9: -"%@#$(4) '($23< 9")23 (9")2( – 2)4: 5(4 J$3=)--)) 9#&)".(<* -(/#+4%>)9*&( & 6)"'#&: Q#=("%#, 12) 4(@#2%*9, 9*(*3, 5(4 J$3=)--), 2)"$(8)1# 4( "3'(@ +/(2)46( ?%939(. D F(")**%+# (4( H1("29'%@ #9*"#&(@) #"1(4%=3<* *"% “C(/#” ('#9*"; 4( -/,$) – <5$%. G.'.), 4)-#2(/)'3 2"31 #* 2"31(, & >)9*: 5&,*#1# 5)+)A9*&(. R/%$) ' &)>)"3 &)"3<8%) 2)/,*9, 4( 2&) 1"3--;. E24( #9*()*9, 94("3$%, 2"31(, - &43*"% 6)"'&%. E24($2; 2&)": & @"(+ &4)=(-4# =('";/(9: % *) /<2%, >*# #9*(&(/%9: 94("3$%, 9*(/% 9*3>(*: & 2&)":. I( 0*# %=-=( 2&)"% 2#4)99, 1#/#9: «W)1# &; @#*%*)?». ? -#9/) *")*:)1# 9*3'( 4( -#"#1) -#,&%/(9: 9*(*3, 5(4 J$3=)--), '#*#"3< &9) 0*# &")+, 32)"$%&(/% &)"3<8%) &43*"% @"(+(. E*9<2( % &)2)* 4(>(/# 2(44;A "%*3(/. D L(''(+# (-"#&%46%, !(/)"+#) -"#@#2%* '("4(&(/:4#) .)9*&%) +3/#&, ( *('$) +3=;'(/:4;@ 7(42, '#*#";) 9#7%"(<* 2(";, '(' 4( 4(.%@ 5&,*'(@. D##78) $), & '")9*:,49'#A '3/:*3") 9>%*()*9,, >*# -"(=24%' 5(4 J$3=)--) – 0*# 4) *#/:'# 2)4: -"#73$2)4%, -"%"#2;, @/)7(, 4# % 2)4: 9)+:%. D,)2, '/K$:, 83+,-+30$.(%/K3)$E,, <(.5(+$2301)$E, D$5,./?@.

11

P3>%, 7;/( =4(*4#A 9%"('3=(4'#A, -")2(44#A 9&#)A &)"). 5 C)&"(/,, & 2)4: 5&,*#A O1(*;, #4( ").%/( 9#&)".%*: -(/#+4%>)9*&# & L(*(4%<, >*#7; %9-"#9%*: 3 9&,*#A -#+#8% & %=/)>)4%% *,$)/# 7#/:4#A +(*)"%. !#+#/%&.%9:, #4(, 39*(&.(,, 3943/(. ? 7;/# )A &%2)4%), & '#*#"#+ 5(4* O1(*( 4(=&(/( )) «%9*%44#A U"%9*#&#A 9)9*"#A» % 9'(=(/(, >*# +(*: )) %=/)>%*9, & 4(1"(23 =( -#2/%443< &)"3 2#>)"%. L#12( P3>%, &)"43/(9: % "(99'(=(/( &9) 0*# 9&#)A +(*)"%, #4% &+)9*) ").%/%, >*# )A 4)#7@#2%+# -#9&,*%*: 9)7, 9/3$)4%< R#13. E24('# )A 43$4# 7;/# #*'(=(*: 9&#)+3 -")$4)+3 &#=/<7/)44#+3. W*#7; #*#+9*%*: )A, #4 ").%/ 2#4)9*% 4( P3>%< '(' 4( @"%9*%(4'3. D *# &")+, %+-)"(*#" J%#'/)6%(4 ,"#9*4# -")9/)2#&(/ &)"3<8%@. D %*#1) #4( 7;/( 9@&(>)4( % #7)=1/(&/)4(. D 5%"('3=) 2)4: 5(4*( P3>%% #*+)>()*9, 2&($2; & 1#23 – & -)"&#) '")9)4:) +(, % 13 2)'(7",. 5>%*()*9,, >*# P3>%, «#*&)>()*» =( 9&)* (9(+# )) %+, «1#&#",8))» <5$%. G. '.), -#*#+3 >*# )8) 2# -)")@#2( & -,*#+ &)') 4( 4#&;A '(/)42(": )) >)9*&#&(4%) -"%@#2%/#9: 4( 2)4: =%+4)1# 9#/46)9*#,4%,, 9 '#*#"#1# &)/9, #*9>)* 7#/)) 2/%44;@ 24)A. L"#+) *#1#, #4( 9-(9/( 1#"#2 #* 1#/#2(, '#12( -#2 %1#+ %9-(49'%@ 4(/#1#& (%9-(46; -"%./% 15 &2.) & 5%"('3=) 9*(/# 4)>)1# )9*:. V%*)/%, +#/%&.%)9, & @"(+) 5(4*( P3>%%, 3&%2)/% =4(' – &/)*)&.3< & @"(+ 1#/37'3. ? *3* $) & -#"* -"%7;/% %4#=)+4;) '#"(7/%, 2# #*'(=( =(-#/4)44;) #(+% % 2"31#A 94)2:<. !"%1#*#&/)4%, ' -"(=24#&(4%,+ 4(>%4(<*9, =("(4)) – 7(/'#4; 2#+#& 2"(-%"3<*9, % 3'"(.(<*9, '#&"(+%. 5*(*3, 5&,*#A &;9#*#A 1 +)*" 54 9(4*%+)*"( (.)2)&" !:)*"# Q%66#) &4#9%*9, & @"(+ 2&(26(*:< /<2:+% – 4(9*#/:'# #4( *,$)/(,. B2)9: #4( -"#&)2)* 4)2)/< – &-/#*: 2# 20 2)'(7",, >*#7; )A 9+#1/% -#'/#4%*:9, &9) &)"3<8%). ?4*)")94#, >*# & Z&)6%% *#$) 938)9*&3)* 9&#, 5(4*( P3>%,, -#'"#&%*)/:4%6( 5*#'1#/:+(, % *"(2%6%, )$)1#24# &;7%"(*: 2)&3.'3, '#*#"(, 7; &#-/#8(/( & 9)7) 5(4*( P3>%<, &)2)* 4(>(/# 9 1927 1#2(. F)$23 5%"('3=#A % 5*#'1#/:+#+ 938)9*&3)* 2#1#&#" # *#+, >*# .&)29'(, «P3>%,» *#$) +#$)* -"%93*9*&#&(*: )$)1#24# 4( 2)'(7":9'#+ -"(=24%'). D >)9*: 9&,*#A %9-#/4,<*9, -)94% % 39*"(%&(<*9, -"(=24%>4;) .)9*&%,. !,8()), 8300, '32235,, <(.5(+$2301)$E, !3**$)@. «&,5,». D -"#*%&#&)9 +4#1%+ 1#"#2(+, 4)#24#'"(*4# +)4,&.%+ 9&#%@ 9&,*;@-#'"#&%*)/)A, F)99%4( &9)12( #9*(&(/(9: &)"4( F(2#44) 2)//( P)**)"( (-%9:+( – <5$%. G. '). 5#1/(94# /)1)42), '#12( (-#9*#/ !(&)/ -"%7;/ & F)99%43 (9*(")A.%A 1#"#2 ,=;>)9'#A &)";), >*#7; -"#-#&)2#&(*: &)"#3>)4%) U"%9*(, $%*)/% 1#"#2( ").%/% #*-"(&%*: -%9:+# F(2#44), 4(@#2%&.)A9, & ?)"39(/%+). E4( #*&)*%/( %+ 4( 2

?9*#"%>)9'%) C('*; -"%,*9, -# '4%1) Santi Correnti. Breve Storia della Sicilia dalle origini ai giorni nostri, Tascabili economici Newton. 2006, c. 32.

12

2")&4)))&")A9'#+, >*# 7/(1#9/#&/,)* 1#"#$(4 % 9(+ 1#"#2. 5 *)@ -#" +)99%46; 9#>/% 9)7, #7,=(44;+% 7;*: &)"4;+% *#/:'# F(2#44). !%9:+# $) 7;/# 9'")-/)4# 2&3+, &#/#9(+%, '#*#";) $%*)/% -#+)9*%/% & 9-)6%(/:43< '(-93/3 -#2 4(=&(4%)+ «&("(». !"(=24%' -#'"#&%*)/:4%6; 1#"#2( #*+)>()*9, 3 %<4,. D 1977 1#23 «&("(» 7;/( -)")2)/(4( – )) -")#7"(=#&(/% & 4 (+C#";, -#2 '($2#A %= '#*#";@ 4(@#2%*9, -/%*(: 4( -)"&#A %=#7"($)4 1)"7 1#"#2(, 4( &*#"#A – F(2#44( 9 -%9:+#+, 4( *")*:)A – /#2'( 9 2)/)1(6%)A, #*-/;&(<8)A & !(/)9*%43, 4( -#9/)24)A – '#/#44(, &)4>(<8(,9, 9*(*3)A F(2#44;, '#*#"(, $)9*#+ 7/(1#9/#&/,)* 1#"#2. H*3 $) '#/#443 +#$4# 3&%2)*: & F)99%49'#+ -#"*3. F#13 9'(=(*:, >*# #4( -"#%=%* -#*",9(<8)) &-)>(*/)4%) 4#>:<, '#12( & -#"*3 =(1#"(<*9, #14%. L(' 3$) #*+)>(/#9:, '/<>)&#A -"(=24%' – 0*# D#=4)9)4%) F(2#44; 15 (&139*(. E7;>4# #4 9#-"#&#$2()*9, '#9*<+%"#&(44;+ .)9*&%)+, & '#*#"#+ 3>(9*&3)* % 2)&3.'(, #/%6)*&#",<8(, 9#7#A 2)&3 F("%<. L )) -#27#"3 #*4#9,*9, #9#7)44# *8(*)/:4#, *(' '(' #24($2; &;,94%/#9:, >*# &;7"(44(, «('*"%9(» 7;/( 3$) 4) 2)&3.'#A. !#0*#+3 #7;>4# 4( 0*3 "#/: 9*("(<*9, -#27%"(*: '#1#-/%7# %= =4(*4;@ 9)+)A, 12) 2)&3.)' #*2(<* & $)4; =( -"%2(4#). !("(//)/:4# 9 -"(=24%'#+ F(2#44; #*+)>()*9, % 2)4: -#7)2; L("/( V 4(2 ("(7(+% % *34%96(+%. !#9/) =)+/)*",9)4%, 1908 1#2( «&("(» 7;/( -#>*% "(="3.)4(, 4# )) c*(4#&%/% % 9)A>(9 '($2;A 1#2 &;4#9,* 4( #7#=")4%) &)"3<8%@. !,8()), 8300, &$?$2,E1()3 (>(*32$2301)$E,), <(.5(+$2301)$E, Q))@. P)1)42( 1/(9%*, >*# $%*)/% H44; ").%/% -"%#7")9*% 9*(*3< F(2#44;, >*#7; «%=/)>%*:»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– % #4( &2"31 9*(/( /)1>). Q%*3(/ &;4#9( 9*(*3% 4( -"(=24%' 4( 1#/;@ 9-%4(@ $%*)/)A 938)9*&#&(/ )8) 4)9'#/:'# &)'#&, -#'( !(-( Q%+9'%A 4) #7,=(/ *)@, '*# 4)9)* 9*(*3<, 4(2)&(*: 9-)6%(/:4;) 7)/;) #7/(>)4%,. L -"(=24%'3 F(2#44;, 3 '#*#"#A *#$) )9*: 9&#, «&("(», 1#*#&,* «=#/#*3< /#2'3» '(' 9%+&#/ *#A, >*# -"%-/;/( %= D)4)6%%. I( 0*#A /#2') #7;>4# "(9-#/(1()*9, #"')9*", +(/)4:'%) 2)*%, #2)*;) (41)/#>'(+%, ( &)=3* )) &#/;. 5&#%+ %+)4)+ -#'"#&%*)/:4%6( H44; #7,=(4( -#9)8)4%< J)&#A F("%)A 9&#)A 9)9*"; T/%=(&)*; -)")2 "#$2)4%)+ U"%9*(. V%*)/% 1#"#2( %=#7"(=%/% 96)4'% %= $%=4% % 2#7"#2)*)/% F(2#44; 4( 9-)6%(/:4;@ -#/#*4(@, '#*#";) )$)1#24# &;9*(&/,<*9, & +#+)4* -"(=24#&(4%, % 13

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«R35,/0$»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«>)"(3/%». Q(4)) 9>%*(/#9:, >*# #4% #7/(2(<* 9&)"@G)9*)9*&)44;+% 9-#9#74#9*,+% % +#13* .(+(4%*:. 5(4 !(#/# $), '(' %@ -#'"#&%*)/:, 3+)/ "(=1#&("%&(*: 9# =+),+%, % -)")2(/ 0*# =4(4%) «>)"(3/%». N >)/#&)'(, '#*#";A +#$)* 1#&#"%*: 9# =+),+%, 2#/$4# 7;*: %=#7"($)4%) -(3'( 4( ,=;'). D !(/(66#/# 5(4 !(#/# «-#-(/» & 1690 1#23. J# 0*#1# «#C%6%(/:4#A» -#'"#&%*)/:4%6)A 1#"#2( 9>%*(/(9: F(2#44( 2% E2%1%*"%,, =( '#*#"3< &;9*3-(/ '&("*(/ 5(4 5)7(9*:,4(. M3*, 3$) -# *"(2%6%%, 4(>(/(9: 7#":7( +)$23 9(4-(#/%(46(+% % 9)7(9*:,46(+%, *(' % 4) 3&)4>(&.(,9, 4%>:)A -#7)2#A. 5)1#24, 2)4: 5(4 !(#/# #*+)>()*9, 2&($2; & 1#23 – 25 ,4&(", (& 2)4: #7"(8)4%, 9&,*#1# & %9*%443< &)"3) % 29 %<4, (& 2)4: )1# +3>)4%A). D,)2, ;(?,0$:, <(.5(+$2301)$E, >,035%(. 14

5#1/(94# +)9*4;+ (1%#1"(C%>)9'%+ %9*#>4%'(+, Q#=(/%, 7;/( 2#>'#A 1)"6#1( 5%4%7(/:2# 2)//( Q#=). !#9/) 9+)"*% Q32$)"# II #4( %9-"#9%/( "(=").)4%, $%*: #*.)/:4%6)A & 1"#*) !)//)1"%4# (1#"( L%9'%4(). M(+ #4( #7")*(/(9: #'#/# 12 /)*. !")2(4%) 1/(9%*, >*# '#12( 4( 1#"#2 #7"3.%/(9: >3+(, 4% #24( %= >)*;")@ )1# #C%6%(/:4;@ -#'"#&%*)/:9*&3<8%@ 9&,*;@ 4) 9+#1/( -#+#>:. D 0*# &")+, 5(4*( Q#=(/%, 4(@#2%/(9: & /)93, 12) #4( &9*")*%/( #@#*4%'( D%4>)46# R#4)//#, #7G,94%/( )+3, '*# #4( *('(,, % -#9/(/( )1# & 1#"#2, >*#7; 9##78%*: # )) -"%.)9*&%% )-%9'#-3. M#*, "%9'3, =("(=%*:9, % 3+)")*:, #*-"(&%/9, *32(. L#12( $) )-%9'#- -"%7;/ 4( +)9*#, *# #74("3$%/ /%.: '#9*#>'% 9&,*#A, '#*#";) #4 9#7"(/ % -"%4)9 & 1#"#2. W3+( #9*(4#&%/(9:. 5 1624 1#2( % -# 9)A 2)4: 9&,*3< >)9*&3<* 9 9 -# 15 %(<* #"/( %= 2)")&(, 4(-#/4)44#1# 9)")7",4;+% +#4)*(+%. 5(+( Q#=(/%, (&)"4)), )) 9*(*3,) 37"(4( 7)/;+% "#=(+% – 9%+&#/#+ 9&,*#A. M"(2%6%)A 9*(/# 9#=2(4%) #1"#+4#A '(")*;, 3'"(.)44#A 6&)*(+%, & >)9*: 9&,*#A. D;9#*#A 9 -,*%0*($4;A 2#+, #4( >)+-*# 4(-#+%4()* -"(=24%>4;A *#"*. 5(4*( Q#=(/%, ,&/,)*9, *('$) -#'"#&%*)/:4%6)A 5(4*# 5*)C(4# 2% L%9'%4( (-"#&%46%, O1"%2$)4*#), 12) 9 -)"
# '")9)4:, %<4, % & *)>)4%) -#9/)23<8%@ -,*% 24)A >)9*&3<* 9&,*3<. !"(=24)9*&# #7;>4# &)4>()*9, C)A)"&)"'(+%. D,) D3F,*21:)(, <,25() !30$00$. >,0(%)$K3*2+( «)/5$»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«43"%» («1#/;)» & -)")) 9 9%6%/%A9'#1# 2%(/)'*( – <5$%. G. '.) & #24%@ *"39(@ 7)1(<* 9# 9*(*3)A 9&,*#1# -# 1#"#23. J)/# & *#+, >*# 5(4 5)7(9*:,4 – )2%49*&)44;A &)/%'#+3>)4%', %=#7"($()+;A & 9&#%@ +3>)4%,@ -"('*%>)9'% 1#/;+, *#/:'# & 4(7)2")44#A -#&,='). 5)1#24, *) 9(+;) «43"%» 3$) 4) -;*(<*9, -#2"($(*: & 0*#+ 9&,*#+3 % 4#9,* *%-%>4;) 2/, 5%6%/%% 7)/;) #2),4%,. D,) D$01+3*25(, <,25() N5($)@. «6/FF,$2,». 5>%*()*9,, >*# 5%/:&)9*", "#2%&.%A9, & M"#%4) & XII &)'), 7;/ 9&,8)44%'#+ -"% !(-) O2"%(4) IV. N+)" #4 *(+ $), -"#&)2, 4)9'#/:'# /)* #*.)/:4%'#+. T1# '3/:* 9&,=(4, & #94#&4#+, 9 *)+% >32)9(+%, '#*#";) #4 9#&)".%/ – 4(-"%+)" %96)/)4%)+ %+-)"(*#"( 15

L#49*(4*%4( #* -"#'(=;. J4% 5(4 5%/:&)9*"# #*+)>(<*9, *"% "(=( & 1#23 – 2 ,4&(",, & +() % & 9)4*,7"). D >)9*: 9&,*#1# & +() 39*"(%&(<*9, '#44;) &;)=2; -#2 4(=&(4%)+ «'37(%*(». I( 9(+#+ 2)/), & -)")) 9 ("(79'#1# 0*# #=4(>()* «+%42(/:». D «'37(%*)» 3>(9*&3<* "(=4;) «9#9/#&%,» % "(=4;) "#2; &#A9'. !"(=24%' 2/%*9, *"% 24, % =('(4>%&()*9, C)A)"&)"'(+% & -#4)2)/:4%' &)>)"#+. D,) &$2(, <,25() !,E,5@ 8301 &,00(. D%*# 7;/ 9;4#+ "%+9'#1# >%4#&4%'( -# %+)4% ?/(. E4 "(4# /%.%/9, +(*)"%, '#*#"(, -"%&%/( )+3 @"%9*%(49'3< &)"3. D#9-%*;&(/% )1# '#"+%/%6( L")8)46( % 3>%*)/: F#2)9*#. L#12( #*)6 3=4(/, >*# )1# 9;4 %9-#&)23)* @"%9*%(49*&#, *# "(=#=/%/9, % ").%/ #*2(*: )1# & 39/3$)4%) -")C)'*3 D(/)"%(43, 4# *3* &+).(/9, (41)/ –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– =4(>%*, #4( @#>)* -")&"(*%*: *)7, & #7#"#*4,. !"(=24%' 5&,*#1# D%*( & F(6(") 9#-"#&#$2()*9, '("4(&(/:4;+ .)9*&%)+, & '#*#"#+ -"%4%+(<* 3>(9*%) =4(+)4#96; >)*;")@ %9*#"%>)9'%@ '&("*(/#& F(6("; (M#"") R:,4'(, M#"") F("*), 5(4 S"(4>)9'# % 5(4 J$#&(44%). !#=(2% -"#6)99%%, & 9#9*(&) '#*#"#A +#$4# «&9*")*%*:» &9)@ /<2)A, 3>(9*&#&(&.%@ & $%=4% 9&,*#1# – #* J%#'/)6%(4( 2# &)"4;@ F#2)9*# % L")8)46; - )23* *"% (//)1#"%>)9'%) '(")*;. !)"&(, 9 $)48%4#A, '#*#"(, /<73)*9, =&)=2#A, >*# 9%+&#/%=%"3)* 9%+&#/ &)";, # '#*#"#+ 1#&#"%*9, & O-#'(/%-9%9). D*#"(,, 9 $)48%4#A, 3 '#*#"#A & "3'(@ '3&.%4 9 #A, &#-/#8()* 4(2)$23. M")*:,, 9 &#%49*&)44#A $)48%4#A, & "3'(@ 3 '#*#"#A '#"#4( (9%+&#/ -#7)2;) – 9%/3. L3/:* 5(4 D%*# 938)9*&3)* *('$) & L:,"#+#4*) K3/C% (-"#&%46%, Q(13=;) 9#&+)9*4# 9 '3/:*#+ 5(4 J$#&(44%.

16

D+:2@3 + 6,0,F5$$3. D 6)/#+, +#$4# 9'(=(*:, >*# -"(=24#&(4%, 24)A 9&,*;@--#'"#&%*)/)A & L(/(7"%% 4) 9%/:4# "(=4,*9, 9 %@ (4(/#1(+% 4( 5%6%/%%. D 5)+%4(") -"(=243<* -#7)23 L("/( V & 1535 1#23 4(2 9("(6%4(+% % >)9*&3<* +)9*4;@ -"(&%*)/)A *#1# &")+)4% (%= -(-:)-+(.) 2)/(<* %@ C%13"; 2/, 9-)6%(/:4#1# «7(/( 1%1(4*#&»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«&("3»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

?=/#$)4# -# '4%1) Percorsi di pace e di fede. Reggio Calabria. 2009 & +#)+ -)")).

17

9 -#>*)4%)+ #*4#9,*9, ' F(2#44) 2)//: O/%'(, 7<9* '#*#"#A 7;/ 39*(4#&/)4 & #24#%+)44#+ (4;4) "(="3.)44#+ @"(+)), ( =(*)+ -)")4)9)4 & 6)"'#&: 5&,*#1# J3@(. F(2#44( 2)//( L(*)4( – -#'"#&%*)/:4%6( R"366(4# J=)CC%"%#, ( F(2#44( 2% !3/:,4# R:,4'#. D R#+7%/) -#>%*()*9, (/*(": F(2#44; 2)//( K"#*(, 4(@#2,8))9, 4( +)9*), 12) "(4)) 7;/% "(=&(/%4; 2")&4)A (")4;. !"(=24%' F(2#44; 2)/ L("+)/# & F("%4( 2% J$#A#=( ?#4%'( @("('*)"%=3)*9, +4#$)9*&#+ '3/:*#&, 9&,=(44;@ 9 ";74;+ -"#+;9/#+ – -#0*#+3 % %=#7"($)4%) 9&,*#A &;4#9,* 4( -/,$, 12) -"(=243<* &-/#*: 2# "(99&)*(. D Q#>)//( ?#4%'( #*+)>(<* 2)4: F("%% 5(4*%99%+( 2)/) K"(6%), -#+4, # &;9(2') 9%6%/%A9'#1# 9324(, -#-(&.)1# & 73"< % 9-(9)44#1# F("%)A, & 39*:) ")'% Y%"'#4). D -)"&#) '")9)4:) %4#) .)9*&%) 4( -/,$) – #4# 9#-"#&#$2()*9, &;4#9#+ +(')*( *#1# 9(+#1# 9324(. D J$#A#=( ?#4%'( -#>%*()*9, *('$) 5(4 Q#''#, '#*#"#+3 7)99#44#A 4#>:< &#=4#9,* +#/%*&; % -#<* 1%+4;. 5&,*;) -#'"#&%*)/% L#=+( % J(+%(4#, (/*(": '#*#";@ 4(@#2%*9, & *")@ '%/#+)*"(@ #* 1#"#2(, >)9*&3<*9, & Q%(>) 26 % 27 9)4*,7",. !#9)/,4) $)"*&3<* 9&,*;+ =)"4(, *(' '(' @#*,*, >*#7; *) =(8%*%/% %@ -#/, #* =(93@%. D !(66(4# &)"3<8%) -#'/#4,<*9, 9&,*%/%83 F(2#44; 2% F#4*) 5*)//(. O/*(": 4(@#2%*9, & 9'(/), 12) -#+)8()*9, %=#7"($)4%) J)&; F("%%. D 5(4 P3') (O9-"#+#4*)) *#$) )9*: 9&#A (/*(": – F(2#44; 2)//( F#4*(4:,. U#2%* /)1)42(, >*# #24($2; Q32$)"# 4#"+(449'%A 39/;.(/ /(A 9&#%@ 9#7(', -#2#.)/ ' 9&#"), 9'/#4%&.)A9, 4(2 >)+-*#, % #74("3$%/ '")9*. 5 *)@ -#" =2)9: -#>%*()*9, )8) % 5&,*#) Q(9-,*%). 5*(*3< F(2#44; =2)9: >*,* #9#7# – )) &;4#9,* 4( 9-%4(@ $%*)/)A 5(4 P3'% #2%4 "(= & 25 /)* & 2)4: 3&)4>(4%, F(2#44;. D -(+,*: #>)")24#1# =(9*3-4%>)9*&( F(2#44; &# &")+, =)+/)*",9)4%, & P(3")(4( 2% R#"")//# -#>%*()*9, F(2#44( 2)/ L("+%4). D K(/(*"# % O4#A, 53-)":#") 39*"(%&(<* «C(/#» & >)9*: 5(4 5)7(9*:,4( % F(2#44;. D !#/%9*)4) -#>%*(<* 5&,*3< J)&3 F("%<, & W%4'30C"#42% – F%@(%/( O"@(41)/(, & W%**(4#&( – 5(4 J$%"#/(+#, ( & !(/+% –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«L3'#/:4(,» -"#6)99%, & R#&) %=&)9*4( 4( &)9: 18

")1%#4 – +)9*4;) $%*)/:4%6; &;4#9,* 4( 3/%6; 1#"#2( '3'#/ %= #/%&'#&;@ /%9*:)&, 3'"(.)44;@ 9&)$%+% C"3'*(+% % 6&)*(+%. !#9/) *#"$)9*&)44#1# .)9*&%, 0*% '3'/; =(7%"(<* 2#+#A, >*#7; 39*(4#&%*: %@ & %=1#/#&:) '"#&(*% %/% -#&)9%*: 4(2 2&)":< '(' #7)")1. 5>%*()*9,, >*# 2(44;A #7",2 &)2)* 4(>(/# #* -#>%*(4%, F(*)"% B)+/%, -# 2"31#A &)"9%% – !)"9)C#4; % )) +(*)"% J)+)*";, 7#1%4% -/#2#"#2%,. D L(3/#4%% 9#@"(4%/%9: %9-(49'%) *"(2%6%% -"(=24#&(4%, !(9@%. D)"74#) D#9'")9)4:) (J#+)4%'( 2)//) !(/:+)) @("('*)"%=3)*9, 9-)6%(/:4;+ "%*3(/#+ «9*3>(4%,», '#12( -"#6)99%, &)"3<8%@, -)")+)8(,9: #* 6)"'&% 2)/ Q#=("%#, 2#7%"()*9, 2# 6)"'&% F(*"%>) % 9*3>%* & )) 2&)"%. D43*"% 4(@#2%*9, %=#7"($)4%) 5&,8)44#1# M(%49*&(, &;9*(&/,)+#) 4( #7#=")4%) &)"3<8%@ '($2;A -"(=24%'. 5*(*3, U"%9*( (//( L#/#44( *('$) -#/:=3)*9, -#-3/,"4#9*:< 3 -(/#+4%'#&, '#*#";) +#/,*9, #'#/# 4)) & #$%2(4%% «-#6)/3, U"%9*(». E9#7;A "%*3(/ -#2 4(=&(4%)+ L("('#/# (&)2)* 9&#< %9*#"%< #* ("(79'#1# 4(.)9*&%,) -#2"(=3+)&()* .)9*&%) &)"3<8%@ 9 2&3@ -"#*%&#-#/#$4;@ '#46#& 1#"#2(, &)4>(<8))9, %@ &9*")>)A 4( 6)4*"(/:4#A -/#8(2% F)=0. I( !(9@3 0*( -/#8(2: -)")-#/4)4( /<2:+%, '#*#";) #9*(&/,<* 3='%A '#"%2#", >*#7; -#=&#/%*: -"#4)9*% 9*(*3< F(2#44;, -#'";*#A >)"4;+ #2),4%)+ («&)/#»). H*# #2),4%) & '3/:+%4(6%#44;A +#+)4* .)9*&%, -(2()*, -#9/) >)1# 4(>%4()*9, >)9*&#&(4%) 5(4 J$#&(44%, D#9'")9.)1# U"%9*( % F(2#44;, =(&)".(<8)) 5&,*3< 4)2)/<. D F(++#/) & .)9*&%% *('$) -"%4%+(<* 3>(9*%) 2&) -"#6)99%% – 4# #24( 2&%$)*9, 9# 9*(*3)A U"%9*(, 2"31(, – 9 %=#7"($)4%)+ F(2#44; 2)/ Q#=("%#, -#'";*#A C%#/)*#&;+ «&)/#». E7) -"#6)99%% -"%@#2,* 4( -/#8(2: (4# "(=4;+% -3*,+%) % 9*(4#&,*9, 2"31 4(-"#*%& 2"31(. ? '#12( #24( #*9*#%* #* 2"31#A &9)1# /%.: 4( 4)9'#/:'# .(1#&, -#'";&(/# F(2#44; -(2()*. D 5*%/# -"(=24#&(4%) !(9@% 4(>%4()*9, & >)*&)"1 9 "(=2(>% 9/(2'%@ @/)76)& & C#"+) '")9*(. D 5*"(9*43< -,*4%63 & 6)"'&% 5(4 J$#&(44% #"1(4%=3<* F%99( (//( 9*#"*( (2/%44#) .)9*&%)), «-"#6)99%< 9'#"7%», % & *)>)4%) *")@ >(9#& %9-#/4,<* -9(/+;. D 9377#*3 3*"#+ 1#"#$(4'% "(=2(<* 7)9-/(*4;A @/)7, 9/3$(8%A 9%+&#/#+ )2%49*&( &9)@ /<2)A, T&@("%9*%%. H*#* "%*3(/ -")2.)9*&3)* C%4(/:4#+3 9#7;*%< D#9'")9)4:, – *"%3+C3 U"%9*( 4(2 9+)"*:<. E7",2 97"#9( F(2#44#A *)+4;@ #2)$2 @#2%* ' 7%7/)A9'#A /)1)42) # *#+, >*# "(2#9*% +(*)"%49*&( -")2.)9*&#&(/ 2#/1%A -3*: -# +#"< %= !(/)9*%4; % 73",, & '#*#"3< 9 F(2#44; 9#"&(/# *)+4;A -#'"#&, 3$) -#9/) "#$2)4%, +/(2)46( =(+)4)44;A 7)/#-1#/37;+. 57"(9;&(4%) #2),4%, -"#%9@#2%* & +#+)4* =( 6)"'#&4#1# '#/#'#/(.

19

D9*")>( F(2#44; 9 9;4#+ #*+)>()*9, & J$%CC#4) &;4#9#+ 4( 9*3-)4:'% 6)"'&% R#$:)A F(*)"% 2&3@ %=#7"($)4%A – 9(+#A F("%% % U"%9*(; ( & W%**(4#&) %=#7"($)4%A 11 9&,*;@. 5/)23)* #*+)*%*:, >*# &9) &;.)-)")>%9/)44;) '3/:*; %+)<* %*(/#-1")>)9'#) -"#%9@#$2)4%) (1")'% -"%./% & ")1%#4 & 735 1#23 & '(>)9*&) '#/#4%%, @#*, %@ -#9)/)4%, 7;/% =2)9: )8) & 3 &. 2# 4.0.4). !#0*#+3 =2)9: >)9*&3<* )8) % 5(4 I%'#2)+#, 5(4* H/%< +/(2.)1#, 5(4 S(4*%4#, 5(4 S%/(")*) % F(2#443 2)/: O/*# F("). ? +)99; & %@ >)9*: -"#@#2,* 4( 1")>)9'#+ ,=;'). 5(4* H/%, (?/%,) -"#9/(&%/9, 9&#)A #*.)/:4%>)9'#A $%=4:< & -)8)"). E4 "#2%/9, & 863 1#23 & 7#1(*#A 9)+:), % )1# -"#>%/% #*2(*: & +3$:, =4(*4#A 2)&3.'), 4# #4 #*'(=(/9, % &+)9*) 9# 9&#%+% 9#"(*4%'(+% L#=+#A % D%*(/) $%/ & 1"#*) (9')*#+. I) #9*(4#&%/# )1# & 0*#+ 23@#&4#+ -#2&%1) % 4(.)9*&%) 9("(6%4#&. !#9/) -#7)2; 4(2 4%+% %+-)"(*#"( #4 *(' % -"#2#/$(/ $%*: & 9&#)+ 1"#*), 12) 3+)" & &#="(9*) 97 /)*. 5(4* H/%, 2(&(/ 9#&)*; #7"(8(&.%+9, ' 4)+3 $%*)/,+ 9#9)24%@ 2)")&)4:. !"(=24%' 5(4* H/%% #*+)>()*9, 11 9)4*,7",. D )1# >)9*: & Q)2$%# #94#&(4 +#4(9*;":. D R#&) -#>%*(<* 5(4 P)#, & >)9*: '#*#"#1# 4 % 5 +(, #"1(4%=3<* #>)")243< -"#6)99%< 9 &;4#9#+ ")/%'&%A. 5(4 P)# 9/(&,* % & OC"%'# D)'':#, #*'32( #4 7;/ "#2#+ % 12) *&#"%/ &9) 9&#% >32)9(. 5(4 J$#&(44% M)"%9*%9 (>*# & -)")) 9 1")>. =4(>%* «$4)6») -#>%*()*9, & 5*%/("#. 5(+ #4 "#2#+ %= !(/)"+#, *#12( 4(@#2%&.)1#9, -#2 '(/(7"%A9'%+ &/(2;>)9*&#+. D#.)/ & %9*#"%< @"%9*%(49*&( -#2 %+)4)+ «$4)6(», 2("#&(&.)1# =)"4# 7)24;+. O77(* 5(4* ?/("%#4) "#2%/9, & ,=;>)9'#A 9)+:) 4)-#2(/)'3 #* K(=;, =(*)+ 3>%/9, & T1%-*) (O/)'9(42"%4(), 12) % #7"(*%/9, & @"%9*%(49*&#. E4 4) 7;/ (9')*#+, 4# 7;/ ('*%&4;+ -(/#+4%'#+. E24('# 5(4* ?/("%#4) &9)12( %9'(/ +)9*#, 12) #4 +#1 7; +#/%*:9, & #2%4#>)9*&), ( -#*#+3 & &#="(9*) 63 /)* 9&,*#A -)")9)/%/9, & T1%-)* – 94(>(/( #4 #*-"(&%/9, & /%&%A9'3< -39*;4< 4( -#%9'% +#1%/; 5&,*#1# O4*#4%,, 12) -#=4('#+%/9, 9# 9&#%+ 73238%+ -#9/)2#&(*)/)+ H=%'%#, '#*#";A 9#9*(&%/ )+3 '#+-(4%< & -#)=2') 4( L%-". !"(=24%' 5(4* ?/("%#4) 2/%*9, 4)9'#/:'# 24)A % =(&)".()*9, 21 #'*,7",. 5(4 I%'#2)+#, #94#&(*)/: +#4(9*;", & L)//)"(4#, '#*#";A 9)A>(9 4#9%* )1# %+,, -"#9/(&/,)*9, 12 +(,, & 2)4: J3.%9*#A S%(/'%. 5(4 K(0*(4# L(*(4#=# – 9(+;A «9#&")+)44;A» 9&,*#A, -"#9/(&%&.%A9, 9&#%+% +%"9'%+% -#2&%1(+% 3$) & 20 &)'). Q#2%/9, #4 & 1879 1#23, 3>%/9, & 5)+%4("%% Q)2$%#, 4

Santi Correnti, c. 14.

20

-#9/) >)1# 9*(/ -"%@#29'%+ 9&,8)44%'#+ & 6)"'&% !)*"( % !(&/( & !)4*%2(**%/#, 12) 9/3$%/ 17 /)*. D 1918 1#23 9*(/ +%99%#4)"#+ % #*-"(&%/9, &# S"(46%<, >*#7; 2#7%*:9, -("*4)"9*&( & -)")2(>) -"%@#23 -"(& 4( &/(2)4%) 5&,*;+ P%'#+ (D#/:*# 5(4*#). D 1921 1#23 7;/ 4(=4(>)4 4(9*#,*)/)+ @"(+( 5(4*( F("%% 2)//( L(42)/#"( & Q)2$%#, 12) 4(@#2%/9, &-/#*: 2# 1940 1#2(. D 1930 1#23 #4 9*(/ '(4#4%'#+ 9#7#"(, ( & 1932 1#23 #94#&(/ '#41")1(6%< &)"#49'%@ +#4(@%4: D#/:*# 5(4*# (5&,*#1# P%'(). B2)9: $) 7;/ 9#=2(4 (/*(": 5&,*#1# P%'( (1958 1.). D 2005 1#23 5(4 K(0*(4# L(*(4#=# 7;/ -"#&#=1/(.)4 9&,*;+.

21

S,.0BK3)$3 D ")/%1%#=4;@ '3/:*(@ 2&3@ <$4;@ *)""%*#"%A ?*(/%% (#24#A – +(*)"%'#&#A % #24#A – #9*"#&4#A) 4) *(' 3$ +4#1# "(=/%>%A, '(' +#1/# 7; -#'(=(*:9, 4( -)"&;A &=1/,2. H*# 2#&#/:4# '#49)"&(*%&4;) =)+/%, 9&,*# @"(4,8%) % -#>%*(<8%) 9&#% 9#79*&)44;) *"(2%6%% 4( -"#*,$)4%% &#* 3$) 4% #24#A 9#*4% /)*. !"%>)+, '(' +#$4# &%2)*: %= -"%&)2)44#1# (4(/%=( "(=/%>4;@ #7",2#&, +4#1%) %= 4%@ 9C#"+%"#&(/%9: )8) & ,=;>)9'%) &")+)4(, 4)'#*#";) &)23* 9&#) 4(>(/# #* J")&4)1# Q%+( % J")&4)A K")6%% (( -#=$) –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– #'*,7":), *(' '(' & 0*# &")+, %2)* ('*%&4(, 37#"'( 3"#$(,, ( =4(>%*)/:4(, >(9*: 9&,*;@ – 0*# «-#+#84%'%» %+)44# & 9)/:9'#+ @#=,A9*&). N>%*;&(, *#, >*# L(/(7"%, % #9#7)44# 5%6%/%, – 4) #>)4: 7#1(*;) (1"("4;) ")1%#4; 9 +,1'%+ '/%+(*#+, +#$4# 9'(=(*:, >*# «3"#$(A4(,» *)+(*%'( =2)9: #>)4: -#-3/,"4(. J"31(, 4(-(9*:, =( 9-(9)4%)+ #* '#*#"#A #7"(8(<*9, ' 9&,*;+-=(9*3-4%'(+ – 0*# =)+/)*",9)4%,, %=&)"$)4%, &3/'(4#& (%1"()* "#/: 9#9)29*&# 4)9-,8)A H*4;) % 2"31%) -"%"#24;) '(*(9*"#C;. D9-#+4%*: @#*, 7; 4)2(&4%A 9)/)&#A -#*#', 9#.)2.%A 4( F)99%43. I('#4)6, 9(+% '3/:*; 9 >)*'%+ 9#7/<2)4%)+ 1#"#$(4(+% &9)@ +)/:>(A.%@ 2)*(/)A – 9&%2)*)/:9*&# &)"4#9*% +)9*4;@ $%*)/)A 4) 9*#/:'# ")/%1%% (@#*, ")/%1%#=4#9*: +4#1%@ %= 4%@, #9#7)44# 4)+#/#2;@, -#2*&)"$2)4( +#%+% 9#79*&)44;+% =(+)>(4%,+% – <5$%. G. '.), 9'#/:'# 4("#24;+, C#/:'/#"4;+ &)"#&(4%,+ % *"(2%6%,+ 9&#)A 2)")&4% %/% 9&#)1# 1#"#2'(. 5 #24#A 9*#"#4;, >%*(, # &9,>)9'%@ #7)")1(@, "%*3(/(@ % *(' 2(/)), '($)*9,, >*# &9) 0*# 7#/:.) -#@#$) 4( ,=;>)9*&#, ( 4) @"%9*%(49*&# – & *#A C#"+), ' '#*#"#A +; -"%&;'/% & -"( /(&%%. I#, *)+ 4) +)4)), )9/% =(23+(*:9,, +#$4# -#4,*: &9< *3 -")/)9*: 4("#24#1# )2%4)4%,, '#*#"3< 2("3)* '($2#+3 3>(9*%) & *#"$)9*&)44#A -"#6)99%%, 12) '($2;A 2"31 % 7"(* 9&#)+3 9#9)23. ? +4) 32(/#9: -"#>3&9*&#&(*: 0*# 9(+#A 4( -"(=24#&(4%% S)"(1#9*# 14 (&139*( 0*#1# 1#2(.

22

D<$*(. $*<(01?(+,))(= 0$235,2/5@ 1. Maria Adele Di Leo. Feste Patronali di Sicilia. Culti, tradizioni, rituali e folklore della devozione popolare. Tascabili economici Newton. 2000. 2. Percorsi di pace e di fede. Reggio Calabria. 2009 3. Santi Correnti. Breve Storia della Sicilia dalle origini ai giorni nostri, Tascabili economici Newton. 2006

!"# $%&'()*+ ,-".)/0$"/*1 21-"&03+0 $ 40/+"'56"/0 7'*#0/" (4133*/")

8$+0- -191-"+" (3,-"$") 3 ,0)-:&0; /" Corteo Storico (*3+0-*<13#0= >13+$**) $ #03+?="@ 3-1)/1$1#0$%@ )"= 20+0 "$+0-" * 4"-&"-*+% A-0/?>#*/0; 23

!""#$%&'()) )* +,)-) “Percorsi di pace e di fede”

!0'," $1-:?B*@

C13:B*; 3$0; #-13+

24

!"# $%&'()(+ «061-1&*» 3 *.06-"D1/*1= E0D51; 4"+1-*

25