دراسة سلوك الأدمصاص والانفراد والحركة لمبيدي الفنيتروثيون والملاثيون في أنماط مختلفة من التربة
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دراسة سلوك األدمصاص/االنفراد Adsorption/Desorptionوالحركة الراسية Downward movementلمبيدي الفنيتروثيون والمالثيون في أنماط مختلفة من التربة *
** * ** * –
الملخص ! " # $ % / * + & '( & ' ) % + 1.48 + 1.56 + 1.49 + 1.55 / % -. $, + 1.13 + 1.17 + 1.18 + 1.29 & '( & & ' 1.34 + 1.15 , . # 0 %, 240 + 120 + 90 + 60 + 30 + 15 + 0 ( 0.00 & 120690 & " 0 45 '3 - ( 2 - ( 2 7 8 & 0 9 %, 90660 ! %, & 0 ;< 9. + 4 - & 2 : 2 = " % $ * %, 90660 '3 & * . 0 %, 30 - ( & % 2 # & ?' = 8 = " 7 0 > " )5 = & @= 30،20،10 5 5 '. 8 */ & 0 ;< 9. % ( () . . & 0 * %8 = > 7! 48. 0 > 48. 0 & & & $ C * = + 7! $ @ $= C E* 0 ;< 9. . > : D ) ($ 560) %8 F5 & = " $ & (F) 7! > & % G ) " $ & + $ . @ $= :H $ & ) 2 0 9 / & (- & )= 0 C ' * , + %8 7 & = " & ' & I. 7 & '( = . %8 (' & % E $ 7% ($ 20615) %8 0
& I= H ( ) ($ 15610) '' %8 & ' ! 0 & 9 / :5 % J > & /@ * . & & 7D E. % . J : المقدمة ( ( % &)
!" #
1-2 # / (!" 0 ) *+ ( , - . /( .5 6+ " Langmuir
%) )
% 7 + 3 4 %
(9 2 : 0 + !"+
6
+
2 ; 5 <; = . Freundilch
* !"
+ ?9 )@ ( 2 A ( > ) .
B) >+ 1 :
C D>3 6 - *0
>F; ) > - ( E
>
,
" = / <
Afifi, et al, (2002) . 3 . > & 9) ( 9;+ (<& D + 7 (9
7 A , - *+ !"+ ?2G ( 5)@
6
7 A Zidan, et al, (2002) . .
E> 3 -2 / !"+ (9 ; 5 ) ( 9;+ / " #G / Afifi, et al, (1993)/ Afifi, et al, (1992) : ) ) D; -2
Dilip, et al, (1999) / Arthur, et al, (1998) / Cheah, et al,(1997) : المواد والطرق
: .1 : .1.1 : Fenitrothion (Sumithion : )) )* .1.1.1 O,O-dimethyl-O-(3methyl-4-nitrophenyl) Phosphorothioate : االسم العلمي C9 H12 N O5 P S : التركيب والصيغة البنائية
NO 2 S H3CO H3CO
Formula weight Specific gravity Vapour pressure Melting point Boiling Point Safety
P O
CH3
: 277.23 : 1.34/25 oC. : 1.37x10-4 mm Hg/20 oC. : 0.3 oC. : 118 oC. : Toxicity Class III.
(Mercaptothion : ) Carbofos :.9) )0 .2.1.1 : Malathion O,O-dimethyl-S(1,2-dicarboethoxyethyl)Phosphorodithioate : االسم العلمي C10 H19 O6 P S2
: التركيب والصيغة البنائية
O S P H3CO H3CO
O
CH 3
O
CH 3
S O
Formula weigh Specific gravity Vapour pressure Melting point Boiling Point Safety
: 330 : 1.23/25 oC. : 4x10-5 mm Hg/30 oC. : 2.85 oC. : 120 oC. : Toxicity Class III.
: > .2.1 ) , - < (9 & 1 D (>F 1 D )0) ; + 1 ) 5 1 : ?2
&
) ( * &
0.139 % + 0.304 -
5)I
.J>: , > 9 + 1 5> 1 > B ?9 A
: := .3.1
)K & F 2 &
K L * 4 D;
& 0&
-& / > & E +
)
**
; 5
2 & C3 >
?9
; ) ; 2 ) . > *" 0
70،50،30،20،10 : & )* ? 5 4 ?9 )* 5 PU 4820 > 2
6 " PU 4410 . 9) % <F 9 A : ?+ F: #G
FPD ?%; 6 #: 6 (
6 !" 5 ( (3% OV-17) ) 9 ( < ? & >3 3 3 / 0210 K 3 15 M 0& * 5 #: 5 0320 5
WHb100/120 mesh
E 3/ 0300 # E 9 / 010 C* E
E/ 30 >F; B E/ 25 E/ 30 A 0320 E 2 / 0190 K 3 15 M 0& * 5 )0 K / #: 5 0300 5
E 3/ 0290 # E 10 / 010 C*
30 >F; B E/ 20 E/ 25 A 0300 ? ( ( / ) 3 )
4 . E/
.(2) 3 : )0 (1) 3 : )*
: ?8 .2 = Desorption ( *+ ) !" 0 Adsorption !"+
& (
&
. 0 / 50 /40 /30 /20 /10 C 0
10 : 1 !0&+
& / )0 )* & 0
+
4 !0&+
E% E &K 4 / 3 240 /120 /90 /60 /30 /15 /0 * &
* 0&
( >
-& ) / 3 / * 1500 ( < >
6 ; " #" 4 / (GLC) % <F 9 A : (1926) Freundlich
? D A 5 ( " !" 0
&K ) ( 35) ?9 B 5
. 5*
6 Freundlich
9
& / 9 A
: # < < 7
;< & :(1) $, 7 = !
LL!
% 86
% 91
% 2.8
% 1.3
F
% 11.2
% 7.7
>
7.9 0.67 4.78 % 0.22 0.19 43 62 114 20 303 106 34
8.7 0.93 1.9 % 0.13 0.06 110 55 81 52 185 355 53
:
*" .1
: %*
*" .2
pH EC (mmohs/cm/25oC) CEC (meq/100mg) Organic Matter (%) Water Content : % ++ Ca Mg++ Na+ K+ HCO3ClSO4—
*" .3
: النتائج والمناقشة %* > 2+ Afifi, et al, (2002) Zidan, et al, (1981) : & ?% ?%* 6 > ( 9;+ / 1 ( > = , -
A ( ? C3 ? C: . G ?9 !"+
: 2 0 & .1 >>& (Adsorption Pattem) !"+ > ; M% 9 6 F (9 D; 0 (Isotherm) *
!"+ P; ( M% : (2 /1) 3 ; * & .0
( )0 !" 4 )0 )* 0 ) F C )*
9 & 5 ?9 )*
3 5 1.34 /1.15 /1.48 /1.59 /1.49 /1.55 (2 ( .I /30 /15 /0 6 .* ( )0 5 1.13 /1.17 /1.09 /1.18 /1.29 < ) )0
% > ? , - / ? ( .0 3 240 /120 /60
?% (> 6 ( * & 5 E>
C ( )*9
> 4 )* C 7 ( ?* + )0 ?A * > )I 4 Gunther (1973) 1 2 . (?K
)*9) ?+
!"+ ( 2)I (-CH3 , -NO3) + C; , - ( K ) / Zidan, et al, (1981) / Afifi and Kansouh, (1980) )
.
. Afifi, et al, (2002)Q Afifi, et al, (1993) !"
M%
GK 3 !"+ ( & ? )I
!" 3 -&I / 0 F /2.72 /2.51 /1.97 3 ( )0 GK 9 .I )* 1.61 /2.15 /2.09 /1.91 /1.99 /1.45 ?+ F (
2.18 /2.66
Afifi 1 C E* -2 ? ( 3 240 /120 /60 /30 /15 /0 7
9 (
Afifi, et al, Q Afifi, et al, (1993) / Zidan, et al, (1981) / and Kansouh, (1980) . (2002) ? ( !"+ ( & )I "& 4 C; ? ( 0 !"+
+
4 &
50 /40 /30 /20 /10) & )0 = > C !"+ ? > 4 " ( ?9 B %4.36 /3.29 /2.93 /1.96 /1.00 . + )0 . 6 ( F % 5.07 /3.97 /3.73 /2.32 /1.00
/
( % 4.15 /3.04 /2.29 /1.89 /1.00 )*
& 9 C 6 ( % 4.55 /3.88 /2.72 /2.18 /1.00 F
/ Afifi, et al, (1980) 1 C M% 1-2 E9 .( / 50 /40 /30 /20 /10) . Afifi, et al, (2002)Q Abdel Rahman, (1993) /Zidan, et al, (1981) / Frissel, (1981) 0
9 5 C
4 / !"+
(9 0
+ ( 0
9 3 120 /90
*
9 )I
GK 4 P" .
?3 / F ( )* !"+
-&I / 3 120 /90 /2.01 /1.84 /1.00
9 F ( 3 90 /60 )0
)* !"
2.27 /2.39 /2.22 /2.02 /1.78 /1.00
+ 9 .I ( + !"+ ( 3.77 /2.23 /2.31
/1.00
3.58 /3.13 /2.35،2.78 /1.00 )0 (> ?9 / F
.0
9 ( D; 6 .* ( 3.21 /3.13 /2.83 /2.34 /2.14
Abdel Rahman, /Gunther, (1973) C M% 1-2 9 3 3 120 /90 /60 /30 /15 /0 . Afifi, et al, (2002)Q (1993)
: " I 5 0 & ( ) ( .2 ?% 5
0& ) % 2
5 5 * &
* ( P>+ A & > &
% > 6 > ( #3 5 -2 *+ , B ?9 % - >
(:0 ;
9 - . *
( G ( A - (9 5*
" P>+ (
. A P> ( " > ( ( 4 C; " ( (3) 3 M% : (9 &+ %: 9 5 " A 5* 5& "
)0
* 4 4 . 6 (9 < 7 AK
(9 ( # R) ?9 B 8.12 /7.07 /6.08 /4.11 /2.64
( (
/30 /20 /10 % + # R 4.45 /3.75 /2.82 /1.96 /1.09 )*
)0 (>K 4 F ( .* 4 / 6 ( # R 50 /40 Afifi and 0 1 E C E* 2 / )* *
;K
Afifi, et al, (1993) / Abdel Rahman, (1993) / Getzin, (1985) / Kansouh, (1980) . Afifi, et al, (2002)Q
: 0 0 & . .3 ( )* )0 <
P; (4،5) 3
1-2 !* / ( *; WHC ) "& #G
5& ?
? ( ( 50) > > (9
D ?% ?%* B= 6 > 9 # & )* % 84.75 /71.46 /67.94
( &
9 + (9 & B
/ + 6: G & %74.83 /72.89 /87.87
/82.88 /77.57 F
+ 1 #; &
?) 6: G C %77.37 /84.41 /73.60
& % 81.35
C %78.37 /67.96 /72.42 )0 %85.17 /73.16 /67.88
M%
F (9 #; C %84.18 /66.65 /72.92
F ( #; C %87.67 /74.15 /67.02
C .
*; / ( + )*
*+ : 2
/59.04 1 + 56.57 /64.66 (2 ( 50) > > F
/? ( 4 ) %51.56 /55.75 & ?) 54.69
( 4 ) ?) + %66.79،60.47 69.89 /74.67 64.70 /72.73 : + G .* )0 56.62 /63.68
. 6
%46.76 /50.27 46.76 /51.58 49.89 /57.12 .6 ( F % 59.77 /66.08 61.14 /65.21
9 )* *S , )0 9 1I
( 2015) > (
" ( (9 )0 4 )
> .* #; & ( # R)3.37
9
F ( ( !"+ -&K / ( # R)8.20
2S 1 : -2 )* )0 (C2) ?)
M% 1-2 / K )I ?9
2 K
) ( 1)I ?9 2K 6 A
Zidan, et al,. (1993) Afifi, et al, .(1993) Getzin, (1985)
1 C A
. Afifi, et al ,(2002)
Sandy Soil
FENTITROTHION Loamy Sand Soil
(min)
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
0
27.12
2.88
9.60
25.54
4.46
14.87
24.34
5.66
18.87
22.66
7.34
24.47
15
24.69
5.31
17.70
22.08
7.92
26.40
16.63
13.32
44.40
14.27
15.73
52.44
30
24.21
5.79
19.30
20.99
9.01
30.03
14.27
15.73
52.43
12.79
17.21
57.35
60
23.34
6.66
22.20
20.11
9.89
32.97
12.30
17.70
59.00
9.26
20.74
69.13
90
20.69
9.31
31.03
19.34
10.66
35.53
9.71
20.29
67.63
7.06
22.94
76.47
120
19.15
10.85
36.17
15.41
14.59
48.63
9.71
20.29
67.63
6.46
23.54
78.47
240
19.15
10.85
36.17
15.41
14.59
48.63
-
-
-
6.46
23.54
78.47
Contact Periods
MALATHION Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand Soil
Sandy Soil
FENTITROTHION Loamy Sand Soil
(ppm)
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
10
5.15
4.85
48.50
4.64
5.36
53.60
3.07
6.93
69.35
3.68
6.31
63.14
20
10.86
9.14
45.70
8.32
11.68
58.40
6.41
13.59
67.97
5.33
14.67
37.37
30
19.15
10.85
36.17
15.41
14.59
48.63
9.71
20.29
67.63
6.46
23.54
78.47
40
25.27
14.73
36.83
19.20
20.80
52.00
17.22
22.78
56.94
14.98
25.02
62.55
50
29.85
20.15
40.30
25.59
24.41
48.82
19.81
30.19
60.38
17.99
32.01
64.01
CONC.
MALATHION Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand Soil
Contact Periods (min)
Fenitrothion
Malathion
Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand
Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
15
1.84
1.78
2.35
2.14
30
2.01
2.02
2.78
2.34
60
2.31
2.22
3.13
2.83
90
3.23
2.39
3.58
3.13
120
3.77
2.27
--
3.21
240
--
--
--
--
SANDY SOIL CONC.
FENITROTHION
LOAMY SAND SOIL FENITROTHION MALATHION
MALATHION
(ppm)
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
10
5.15
4.85
1.09
3.07
6.93
2.64
4.64
5.36
n.d
3.68
6.31
n.d
20
10.86
9.14
196
6.41
13.59
4.11
8.32
11.68
n.d
5.33
14.67
1.92
30
19.15
10.85
2.82
9.71
20.29
6.08
15.41
14.59
1.06
6.46
23.54
3.43
40
25.27
14.73
3.75
17.22
22.78
7.07
19.20
20.80
2.38
14.98
25.02
4.68
50
29.85
20.15
4.45
19.81
30.19
8.12
25.59
24.41
2.94
17.99
32.01
6.22
Depth (cm)
Recovered amounts (ppm), from
Recovered amounts (ppm), from
SANDY SOIL
LOAMY SAND SOIL
Washing With WHC
Washing With Double WHC
Washing With WHC
Washing With Double WHC
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
45.26 64.66 *
82.65 59.04
117.08 55.75
39.60 56.57
76.57 54.69
108.27 51.56
50.91 72.73
104.54 74.67
140.25 66.79
45.29 64.70
97.85 69.89
126.98 60.47
5.74 8.20 0
19.40 13.86 0
32.12 15.29 7.94 3.78
7.96 11.37
23.47 16.76
3.39 4.84
11.49 8.21
20.32 14.51
0
0
0
28.68 13.66 1.91 0.91
6.23 8.90
0
59.55 28.36 10.16 4.84
0
0
29.80 14.19 6.71 3.19
15 – 20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20 – 25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leachate
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
51.01 87.87
102.05 72.89
157.14 74.83
47.56 67.94
100.04 71.46
177.98 84.75
54.30 77.57
116.03 82.88
170.84 81.35
51.52 73.60
118.17 84.41
163.49 77.85
0-5 5 - 10 10 - 15
* . Figures in italics are the recovered amounts percent .
Recovered amounts (ppm), from SANDY SOIL Depth (cm)
0-5 5 - 10
Washing With WHC
Recovered amounts (ppm), from LOAMY SAND SOIL
Washing With Double WHC
Washing With WHC
Washing With Double WHC
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
48.55 57.12 13.01 15.31
87.69 51.58 27.04 15.91 0.81 0.48
113.11 50.27 45.35 20.16 14.51 6.45 3.37 1.49
42.41 49.89 19.57 23.02
79.50 46.76 32.17 18.92 1.16 0.96
54.13 63.68 3.57 4.20
110.86 65.21 12.30 7.24 1.21 0.71
148.67 66.08 31.66 14.07 11.31 5.03
48.13 56.62 8.44 9.93
103.94 61.14 18.62 10.95 3.51 2.06
134.48 59.77 43.26 19.23 19.52 8.68
0
0
105.21 46.76 57.68 25.46 18.32 8.14 8.20 3.64
0
0
0
0
0
0
10 - 15
0
0
15 - 20
0
0
20 – 25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leachate
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
61.56 72.42
115.54 67.96
176.34 78.37
61.98 72.92
113.30 66.65
189.41 84.18
57.70 67.88
124.37 73.16
191.64 85.17
56.97 67.02
126.07 74.15
197.26 87.67
* . Figures in italics are the recovered amounts percent .
0
0
: المراجع Abdel Rahman, A. G.; F. A. Afifi and Z. H. Zidan (1993): Adsorption of acetone solutions of fenamiphos and toldofos - methyl pesticides on soils. 4th conf. Agri. Dev. Res. Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Feb., 1993. Annals Agri. Sci. Sp. Issie 2, 575 - 581 Afifi, F. A. and A. S. H. Kansouh (1980). 'Dissipation and fate of chlorpyrifos and Aldicarb in clay soil under laboratory conditions.' Res. Bull. 1401, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams univ. Afifi, F. A. ; Z. H. Zidan and M. A. Mohamed (1993): Downward movement of Fenamiphos and tolcofos - methyl pesticides in soils. 4th conf. Agri. Dev. Res. Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Feb., 1993. Annals Agri Sci. Sp. issue 2, 583 - 590. Frissel, M. J. (1981). 'The adsorption of some organic compounds, especially herbicides, on clay minerals.' Verslag Land Bouwk. Onderzock 76: 3 -. Gunther, F. A. (1973). 'Residue Review, 47 Reverside.' California, Springer Vertage New York, Heldelberge, Berlin, 198. Zidan, H. Z.; F. A. Afifi and M. A. Mohamed (1993); Physicochemical and biological factors influencing the persistence of fenamiphos and toldofos-methyl in soils. 4th conf. Agri. Dev. Res. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Feb. 1993. Annals Agri. Sci. Sp. Issue 2, 561 - 573. Zidan, Z.H., A. M. Shabaan, M. S. El-Zemaity, A, K, Sobeiha and F. A. Mahmoud (1981). 'Some factors influencing the absorption of certain pesticides on different soils.' 1st International Congress for soil Pollution and Protection from Pesticides Residues, p. 16.
** * ** * –
الملخص ! " # $ % / * + & '( & ' ) % + 1.48 + 1.56 + 1.49 + 1.55 / % -. $, + 1.13 + 1.17 + 1.18 + 1.29 & '( & & ' 1.34 + 1.15 , . # 0 %, 240 + 120 + 90 + 60 + 30 + 15 + 0 ( 0.00 & 120690 & " 0 45 '3 - ( 2 - ( 2 7 8 & 0 9 %, 90660 ! %, & 0 ;< 9. + 4 - & 2 : 2 = " % $ * %, 90660 '3 & * . 0 %, 30 - ( & % 2 # & ?' = 8 = " 7 0 > " )5 = & @= 30،20،10 5 5 '. 8 */ & 0 ;< 9. % ( () . . & 0 * %8 = > 7! 48. 0 > 48. 0 & & & $ C * = + 7! $ @ $= C E* 0 ;< 9. . > : D ) ($ 560) %8 F5 & = " $ & (F) 7! > & % G ) " $ & + $ . @ $= :H $ & ) 2 0 9 / & (- & )= 0 C ' * , + %8 7 & = " & ' & I. 7 & '( = . %8 (' & % E $ 7% ($ 20615) %8 0
& I= H ( ) ($ 15610) '' %8 & ' ! 0 & 9 / :5 % J > & /@ * . & & 7D E. % . J : المقدمة ( ( % &)
!" #
1-2 # / (!" 0 ) *+ ( , - . /( .5 6+ " Langmuir
%) )
% 7 + 3 4 %
(9 2 : 0 + !"+
6
+
2 ; 5 <; = . Freundilch
* !"
+ ?9 )@ ( 2 A ( > ) .
B) >+ 1 :
C D>3 6 - *0
>F; ) > - ( E
>
,
" = / <
Afifi, et al, (2002) . 3 . > & 9) ( 9;+ (<& D + 7 (9
7 A , - *+ !"+ ?2G ( 5)@
6
7 A Zidan, et al, (2002) . .
E> 3 -2 / !"+ (9 ; 5 ) ( 9;+ / " #G / Afifi, et al, (1993)/ Afifi, et al, (1992) : ) ) D; -2
Dilip, et al, (1999) / Arthur, et al, (1998) / Cheah, et al,(1997) : المواد والطرق
: .1 : .1.1 : Fenitrothion (Sumithion : )) )* .1.1.1 O,O-dimethyl-O-(3methyl-4-nitrophenyl) Phosphorothioate : االسم العلمي C9 H12 N O5 P S : التركيب والصيغة البنائية
NO 2 S H3CO H3CO
Formula weight Specific gravity Vapour pressure Melting point Boiling Point Safety
P O
CH3
: 277.23 : 1.34/25 oC. : 1.37x10-4 mm Hg/20 oC. : 0.3 oC. : 118 oC. : Toxicity Class III.
(Mercaptothion : ) Carbofos :.9) )0 .2.1.1 : Malathion O,O-dimethyl-S(1,2-dicarboethoxyethyl)Phosphorodithioate : االسم العلمي C10 H19 O6 P S2
: التركيب والصيغة البنائية
O S P H3CO H3CO
O
CH 3
O
CH 3
S O
Formula weigh Specific gravity Vapour pressure Melting point Boiling Point Safety
: 330 : 1.23/25 oC. : 4x10-5 mm Hg/30 oC. : 2.85 oC. : 120 oC. : Toxicity Class III.
: > .2.1 ) , - < (9 & 1 D (>F 1 D )0) ; + 1 ) 5 1 : ?2
&
) ( * &
0.139 % + 0.304 -
5)I
.J>: , > 9 + 1 5> 1 > B ?9 A
: := .3.1
)K & F 2 &
K L * 4 D;
& 0&
-& / > & E +
)
**
; 5
2 & C3 >
?9
; ) ; 2 ) . > *" 0
70،50،30،20،10 : & )* ? 5 4 ?9 )* 5 PU 4820 > 2
6 " PU 4410 . 9) % <F 9 A : ?+ F: #G
FPD ?%; 6 #: 6 (
6 !" 5 ( (3% OV-17) ) 9 ( < ? & >3 3 3 / 0210 K 3 15 M 0& * 5 #: 5 0320 5
WHb100/120 mesh
E 3/ 0300 # E 9 / 010 C* E
E/ 30 >F; B E/ 25 E/ 30 A 0320 E 2 / 0190 K 3 15 M 0& * 5 )0 K / #: 5 0300 5
E 3/ 0290 # E 10 / 010 C*
30 >F; B E/ 20 E/ 25 A 0300 ? ( ( / ) 3 )
4 . E/
.(2) 3 : )0 (1) 3 : )*
: ?8 .2 = Desorption ( *+ ) !" 0 Adsorption !"+
& (
&
. 0 / 50 /40 /30 /20 /10 C 0
10 : 1 !0&+
& / )0 )* & 0
+
4 !0&+
E% E &K 4 / 3 240 /120 /90 /60 /30 /15 /0 * &
* 0&
( >
-& ) / 3 / * 1500 ( < >
6 ; " #" 4 / (GLC) % <F 9 A : (1926) Freundlich
? D A 5 ( " !" 0
&K ) ( 35) ?9 B 5
. 5*
6 Freundlich
9
& / 9 A
: # < < 7
;< & :(1) $, 7 = !
LL!
% 86
% 91
% 2.8
% 1.3
F
% 11.2
% 7.7
>
7.9 0.67 4.78 % 0.22 0.19 43 62 114 20 303 106 34
8.7 0.93 1.9 % 0.13 0.06 110 55 81 52 185 355 53
:
*" .1
: %*
*" .2
pH EC (mmohs/cm/25oC) CEC (meq/100mg) Organic Matter (%) Water Content : % ++ Ca Mg++ Na+ K+ HCO3ClSO4—
*" .3
: النتائج والمناقشة %* > 2+ Afifi, et al, (2002) Zidan, et al, (1981) : & ?% ?%* 6 > ( 9;+ / 1 ( > = , -
A ( ? C3 ? C: . G ?9 !"+
: 2 0 & .1 >>& (Adsorption Pattem) !"+ > ; M% 9 6 F (9 D; 0 (Isotherm) *
!"+ P; ( M% : (2 /1) 3 ; * & .0
( )0 !" 4 )0 )* 0 ) F C )*
9 & 5 ?9 )*
3 5 1.34 /1.15 /1.48 /1.59 /1.49 /1.55 (2 ( .I /30 /15 /0 6 .* ( )0 5 1.13 /1.17 /1.09 /1.18 /1.29 < ) )0
% > ? , - / ? ( .0 3 240 /120 /60
?% (> 6 ( * & 5 E>
C ( )*9
> 4 )* C 7 ( ?* + )0 ?A * > )I 4 Gunther (1973) 1 2 . (?K
)*9) ?+
!"+ ( 2)I (-CH3 , -NO3) + C; , - ( K ) / Zidan, et al, (1981) / Afifi and Kansouh, (1980) )
.
. Afifi, et al, (2002)Q Afifi, et al, (1993) !"
M%
GK 3 !"+ ( & ? )I
!" 3 -&I / 0 F /2.72 /2.51 /1.97 3 ( )0 GK 9 .I )* 1.61 /2.15 /2.09 /1.91 /1.99 /1.45 ?+ F (
2.18 /2.66
Afifi 1 C E* -2 ? ( 3 240 /120 /60 /30 /15 /0 7
9 (
Afifi, et al, Q Afifi, et al, (1993) / Zidan, et al, (1981) / and Kansouh, (1980) . (2002) ? ( !"+ ( & )I "& 4 C; ? ( 0 !"+
+
4 &
50 /40 /30 /20 /10) & )0 = > C !"+ ? > 4 " ( ?9 B %4.36 /3.29 /2.93 /1.96 /1.00 . + )0 . 6 ( F % 5.07 /3.97 /3.73 /2.32 /1.00
/
( % 4.15 /3.04 /2.29 /1.89 /1.00 )*
& 9 C 6 ( % 4.55 /3.88 /2.72 /2.18 /1.00 F
/ Afifi, et al, (1980) 1 C M% 1-2 E9 .( / 50 /40 /30 /20 /10) . Afifi, et al, (2002)Q Abdel Rahman, (1993) /Zidan, et al, (1981) / Frissel, (1981) 0
9 5 C
4 / !"+
(9 0
+ ( 0
9 3 120 /90
*
9 )I
GK 4 P" .
?3 / F ( )* !"+
-&I / 3 120 /90 /2.01 /1.84 /1.00
9 F ( 3 90 /60 )0
)* !"
2.27 /2.39 /2.22 /2.02 /1.78 /1.00
+ 9 .I ( + !"+ ( 3.77 /2.23 /2.31
/1.00
3.58 /3.13 /2.35،2.78 /1.00 )0 (> ?9 / F
.0
9 ( D; 6 .* ( 3.21 /3.13 /2.83 /2.34 /2.14
Abdel Rahman, /Gunther, (1973) C M% 1-2 9 3 3 120 /90 /60 /30 /15 /0 . Afifi, et al, (2002)Q (1993)
: " I 5 0 & ( ) ( .2 ?% 5
0& ) % 2
5 5 * &
* ( P>+ A & > &
% > 6 > ( #3 5 -2 *+ , B ?9 % - >
(:0 ;
9 - . *
( G ( A - (9 5*
" P>+ (
. A P> ( " > ( ( 4 C; " ( (3) 3 M% : (9 &+ %: 9 5 " A 5* 5& "
)0
* 4 4 . 6 (9 < 7 AK
(9 ( # R) ?9 B 8.12 /7.07 /6.08 /4.11 /2.64
( (
/30 /20 /10 % + # R 4.45 /3.75 /2.82 /1.96 /1.09 )*
)0 (>K 4 F ( .* 4 / 6 ( # R 50 /40 Afifi and 0 1 E C E* 2 / )* *
;K
Afifi, et al, (1993) / Abdel Rahman, (1993) / Getzin, (1985) / Kansouh, (1980) . Afifi, et al, (2002)Q
: 0 0 & . .3 ( )* )0 <
P; (4،5) 3
1-2 !* / ( *; WHC ) "& #G
5& ?
? ( ( 50) > > (9
D ?% ?%* B= 6 > 9 # & )* % 84.75 /71.46 /67.94
( &
9 + (9 & B
/ + 6: G & %74.83 /72.89 /87.87
/82.88 /77.57 F
+ 1 #; &
?) 6: G C %77.37 /84.41 /73.60
& % 81.35
C %78.37 /67.96 /72.42 )0 %85.17 /73.16 /67.88
M%
F (9 #; C %84.18 /66.65 /72.92
F ( #; C %87.67 /74.15 /67.02
C .
*; / ( + )*
*+ : 2
/59.04 1 + 56.57 /64.66 (2 ( 50) > > F
/? ( 4 ) %51.56 /55.75 & ?) 54.69
( 4 ) ?) + %66.79،60.47 69.89 /74.67 64.70 /72.73 : + G .* )0 56.62 /63.68
. 6
%46.76 /50.27 46.76 /51.58 49.89 /57.12 .6 ( F % 59.77 /66.08 61.14 /65.21
9 )* *S , )0 9 1I
( 2015) > (
" ( (9 )0 4 )
> .* #; & ( # R)3.37
9
F ( ( !"+ -&K / ( # R)8.20
2S 1 : -2 )* )0 (C2) ?)
M% 1-2 / K )I ?9
2 K
) ( 1)I ?9 2K 6 A
Zidan, et al,. (1993) Afifi, et al, .(1993) Getzin, (1985)
1 C A
. Afifi, et al ,(2002)
Sandy Soil
FENTITROTHION Loamy Sand Soil
(min)
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
0
27.12
2.88
9.60
25.54
4.46
14.87
24.34
5.66
18.87
22.66
7.34
24.47
15
24.69
5.31
17.70
22.08
7.92
26.40
16.63
13.32
44.40
14.27
15.73
52.44
30
24.21
5.79
19.30
20.99
9.01
30.03
14.27
15.73
52.43
12.79
17.21
57.35
60
23.34
6.66
22.20
20.11
9.89
32.97
12.30
17.70
59.00
9.26
20.74
69.13
90
20.69
9.31
31.03
19.34
10.66
35.53
9.71
20.29
67.63
7.06
22.94
76.47
120
19.15
10.85
36.17
15.41
14.59
48.63
9.71
20.29
67.63
6.46
23.54
78.47
240
19.15
10.85
36.17
15.41
14.59
48.63
-
-
-
6.46
23.54
78.47
Contact Periods
MALATHION Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand Soil
Sandy Soil
FENTITROTHION Loamy Sand Soil
(ppm)
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
Reco. Am. (µ µg/ml)
Adso. Am. (µ µg/gm)
% Adsorped
10
5.15
4.85
48.50
4.64
5.36
53.60
3.07
6.93
69.35
3.68
6.31
63.14
20
10.86
9.14
45.70
8.32
11.68
58.40
6.41
13.59
67.97
5.33
14.67
37.37
30
19.15
10.85
36.17
15.41
14.59
48.63
9.71
20.29
67.63
6.46
23.54
78.47
40
25.27
14.73
36.83
19.20
20.80
52.00
17.22
22.78
56.94
14.98
25.02
62.55
50
29.85
20.15
40.30
25.59
24.41
48.82
19.81
30.19
60.38
17.99
32.01
64.01
CONC.
MALATHION Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand Soil
Contact Periods (min)
Fenitrothion
Malathion
Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand
Sandy Soil
Loamy Sand
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
15
1.84
1.78
2.35
2.14
30
2.01
2.02
2.78
2.34
60
2.31
2.22
3.13
2.83
90
3.23
2.39
3.58
3.13
120
3.77
2.27
--
3.21
240
--
--
--
--
SANDY SOIL CONC.
FENITROTHION
LOAMY SAND SOIL FENITROTHION MALATHION
MALATHION
(ppm)
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
Recovered Amount
Adsorbed Amount
Desorbed Amount
10
5.15
4.85
1.09
3.07
6.93
2.64
4.64
5.36
n.d
3.68
6.31
n.d
20
10.86
9.14
196
6.41
13.59
4.11
8.32
11.68
n.d
5.33
14.67
1.92
30
19.15
10.85
2.82
9.71
20.29
6.08
15.41
14.59
1.06
6.46
23.54
3.43
40
25.27
14.73
3.75
17.22
22.78
7.07
19.20
20.80
2.38
14.98
25.02
4.68
50
29.85
20.15
4.45
19.81
30.19
8.12
25.59
24.41
2.94
17.99
32.01
6.22
Depth (cm)
Recovered amounts (ppm), from
Recovered amounts (ppm), from
SANDY SOIL
LOAMY SAND SOIL
Washing With WHC
Washing With Double WHC
Washing With WHC
Washing With Double WHC
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 70 ppm
C2 140 ppm
C3 210 ppm
45.26 64.66 *
82.65 59.04
117.08 55.75
39.60 56.57
76.57 54.69
108.27 51.56
50.91 72.73
104.54 74.67
140.25 66.79
45.29 64.70
97.85 69.89
126.98 60.47
5.74 8.20 0
19.40 13.86 0
32.12 15.29 7.94 3.78
7.96 11.37
23.47 16.76
3.39 4.84
11.49 8.21
20.32 14.51
0
0
0
28.68 13.66 1.91 0.91
6.23 8.90
0
59.55 28.36 10.16 4.84
0
0
29.80 14.19 6.71 3.19
15 – 20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20 – 25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leachate
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
51.01 87.87
102.05 72.89
157.14 74.83
47.56 67.94
100.04 71.46
177.98 84.75
54.30 77.57
116.03 82.88
170.84 81.35
51.52 73.60
118.17 84.41
163.49 77.85
0-5 5 - 10 10 - 15
* . Figures in italics are the recovered amounts percent .
Recovered amounts (ppm), from SANDY SOIL Depth (cm)
0-5 5 - 10
Washing With WHC
Recovered amounts (ppm), from LOAMY SAND SOIL
Washing With Double WHC
Washing With WHC
Washing With Double WHC
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
C1 85 ppm
C2 170 ppm
C3 210 ppm
48.55 57.12 13.01 15.31
87.69 51.58 27.04 15.91 0.81 0.48
113.11 50.27 45.35 20.16 14.51 6.45 3.37 1.49
42.41 49.89 19.57 23.02
79.50 46.76 32.17 18.92 1.16 0.96
54.13 63.68 3.57 4.20
110.86 65.21 12.30 7.24 1.21 0.71
148.67 66.08 31.66 14.07 11.31 5.03
48.13 56.62 8.44 9.93
103.94 61.14 18.62 10.95 3.51 2.06
134.48 59.77 43.26 19.23 19.52 8.68
0
0
105.21 46.76 57.68 25.46 18.32 8.14 8.20 3.64
0
0
0
0
0
0
10 - 15
0
0
15 - 20
0
0
20 – 25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leachate
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
61.56 72.42
115.54 67.96
176.34 78.37
61.98 72.92
113.30 66.65
189.41 84.18
57.70 67.88
124.37 73.16
191.64 85.17
56.97 67.02
126.07 74.15
197.26 87.67
* . Figures in italics are the recovered amounts percent .
0
0
: المراجع Abdel Rahman, A. G.; F. A. Afifi and Z. H. Zidan (1993): Adsorption of acetone solutions of fenamiphos and toldofos - methyl pesticides on soils. 4th conf. Agri. Dev. Res. Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Feb., 1993. Annals Agri. Sci. Sp. Issie 2, 575 - 581 Afifi, F. A. and A. S. H. Kansouh (1980). 'Dissipation and fate of chlorpyrifos and Aldicarb in clay soil under laboratory conditions.' Res. Bull. 1401, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams univ. Afifi, F. A. ; Z. H. Zidan and M. A. Mohamed (1993): Downward movement of Fenamiphos and tolcofos - methyl pesticides in soils. 4th conf. Agri. Dev. Res. Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Feb., 1993. Annals Agri Sci. Sp. issue 2, 583 - 590. Frissel, M. J. (1981). 'The adsorption of some organic compounds, especially herbicides, on clay minerals.' Verslag Land Bouwk. Onderzock 76: 3 -. Gunther, F. A. (1973). 'Residue Review, 47 Reverside.' California, Springer Vertage New York, Heldelberge, Berlin, 198. Zidan, H. Z.; F. A. Afifi and M. A. Mohamed (1993); Physicochemical and biological factors influencing the persistence of fenamiphos and toldofos-methyl in soils. 4th conf. Agri. Dev. Res. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Feb. 1993. Annals Agri. Sci. Sp. Issue 2, 561 - 573. Zidan, Z.H., A. M. Shabaan, M. S. El-Zemaity, A, K, Sobeiha and F. A. Mahmoud (1981). 'Some factors influencing the absorption of certain pesticides on different soils.' 1st International Congress for soil Pollution and Protection from Pesticides Residues, p. 16.
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