Animal Reproduction: Lesson 1 – Male Reproductive System Lesson 2 – Female Reproductive System

Animal Reproduction Lesson 1 – Male Reproductive System Lesson 2 – Female Reproductive System

Which one of the following management practices will make a producer the most money?

Nutrition & Feeding Programs Facilities Set-up Disease and Illness Control Reproduction

Let’s Think About it…. Put on those Thinking Caps

 30 Cow Herd  80% Calf Crop  24 Calves

 30 Cow Herd  90% Calf Crop  27 Calves

 Sell Calves at 500 pounds for $2.50 per pound.

 Sell Calves at 500 pounds for $2.50 per pound.

 $30,000 Income

 $33,750 Income

Why else do we study Animal Reproduction? Well which heifer do you want on your farm?

What is another reason we study animal reproduction?

The 3 main reasons we study Animal Reproduction:  Increase income because we have more offspring  Make genetic improvements  Identify reproductive problems

OK….I know it is important to study animal reproduction, but who is more important….the male or female?  Male    

Physically mount the female for breeding Produce large amounts of sperm Contribute 50% of the offspring’s genetic makeup Able to breed multiple females in a short period of time.

 Female        

Physically stand for the male Produce 1 or more eggs for fertilization Contribute 50% of the offspring’s genetic makeup Provide a safe site for fertilization Nurture the egg as it grows into an embryo then fetus Give birth to the offspring Produce colostrum and milk for offspring Protect offspring from predators

Lesson 1 – Male Reproduction What do you notice about the following animals?

Reproductive System of the Bull

Prostate Gland

Cowper’s Gland

Seminal Vesicles Urinary Bladder Vas Deferens Penis Sheath

Retractor Muscle Urethra Sigmoid Flexure Testicle

Epididymis Scrotum

Reproductive System of the Boar

Seminal Vesicles

Prostate Gland Vas Deferens Urinary Bladder

Cowper’s Gland Retractor Muscle

Urethra Sigmoid Flexure Penis

Testicle Epididymis Scrotum

Sheath

Reproductive System of the Ram Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles

Cowper’s Gland Retractor Muscle

Urinary Bladder Urethra Penis Sigmoid Flexure Sheath Epididymis Scrotum

Vas Deferens Testicle

Reproductive System of the Stallion

Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Cowper’s Gland

Urinary Bladder Vas Deferens Urethra

Retractor Muscle

Testicle Scrotum

Sheath Penis

Epididymis

Reproductive System of the Dog

Prostate

Retractor Muscle

Urinary Bladder

Urethra Epididymis

Vas Deferens

Prepuce

Scrotum Penis

Testicle

Reproductive System of the Rabbit

Prostate Urethra

Seminal Vesicles Urinary Bladder Vas Deferens Scrotum

Penis Prepuce

Testicle

Epididymis

For the most part….they all have the same reproductive parts.  Testicles – produce sperm and the hormone testosterone  Scrotum – holds testicles, regulates temperature  Sperm must be below body temperature

 Epididymis – Stores sperm until use  Vas deferens – connection tube  Urethra – carries sperm & urine to the penis

Reproductive parts continued… Sperm now becomes semen  Seminal Vesicles – fluid to protect the sperm  Prostate Gland – milky fluid to nourish sperm  Cowper’s Gland – fluid cleans urine out of penis  Sigmoid Flexure – muscle extends penis out of body

Reproductive parts continued…  Retractor Muscle – pulls penis back into the body  Penis – deposits semen into female and excretes urine  Sheath/Prepuse – external skin which protects the penis

Bull Reproductive Tract

Structure of the Testicle  Cryptorchid – no testicles  Monorchid – one testicle

Structure of the Penis What causes ejaculation?  Bull – temperature  Ram - ??  Boar – pressure  Stallion – nerves

Collecting Semen in Stallion & Bull  http://dsc.discov  http://www.yout ery.com/tvube.com/watch? shows/dirtyv=9ryKkm6oF4g jobs/videos/hors e-breeding.htm  http://www.yout ube.com/watch? v=qgf6h588v-I

How much semen is produced & useable during AI

Review from last week- Bell work  What did you learn?  What was the most interesting thing?  Review the male swine anatomy while you wait. (hint, hint)

Male Reproductive Hormones

 GnRH – controls pituitary gland  LH – produces testosterone

 FSH – 1 hormone needed to produce sperm  *Testosterone – other hormone needed to produce sperm & cause body to change and develop libido

Questions 1. If you have 10 mares with a 80% foal rate, how many foals are born? 2. Which one of the 3 reasons to study animal reproduction is the most important in your mind? Tell me why you picked that one. 3. How does the scrotum react to different types of climate? 4. What is the difference between the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowper’s gland? 5. What is the two primary functions of testosterone in the male?

Lesson 2 – Female Reproduction What do you notice about the following animals?

Reproductive System of the Cow - Side View

Uterus

Cervix Vagina

Ovary

Vulva

Infundibulum

Clitoris

Oviduct

Uterine Horn

Urethra Urinary Bladder

Reproductive System of the Sow - Side View

Body of Uterus

Ovary

Cervix Vagina

Infundibulum Oviduct

Vulva Clitoris

Uterine Horn

Urethra

Urinary Bladder

Reproductive System of the Ewe Body of Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva Ovary Infundibulum Clitoris

Oviduct Uterine Horn

Urethra Urinary Bladder

Reproductive System of the Mare

Body of Uterus

Cervix Vagina

Ovary

Vulva

Infundibulum

Clitoris

Oviduct

Uterine Horn

Urethra Urinary Bladder

Reproductive System of the Bitch

Ovary

Body of Uterus Vagina

Infundibulum Vulva Oviduct Cervix

Clitoris Urethra

Uterine Horn

Urinary Bladder

Reproductive System of the Doe

Ovaries

Infundibulum Oviduct Body of Uterus Cervix

Vagina Vulva Uterine Horn Urethra Urinary Bladder

For the most part they have the same reproductive parts….  Ovary – produces eggs & hormones  Infundibulum – catches eggs after burst from ovary  Oviduct (Fallopian Tube) – narrow passage for egg, site of fertilization  Uterine Horn – For litter bearing animals to develop  Uterus – development of fetus

Female Reproductive Parts Continued….  Cervix – muscle which locks down uterus  Vagina – site of copulation (semen deposited) in most animals  Clitoris – stimulates reproductive tract causing waves during mating  Vulva – external opening of vagina  Urethra – carries urine

Cow’s Reproductive Tract

Semen Collection in Males

 Artificial Vagina  Electroejaculation  Massage accessory glands  Hand pressure (boars)

AI procedures in females

Sheep -surgical or speculum Swine -corkscrew Horses - like cattle

External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia

Clitoris

Labia

Updated:4/3/2019

Swollen Vulva in Sow, Cow, & Bitch

Reproductive System of the Sow - Top View Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterus

Ovary Oviduct

Infundibulum

Cervix

Bladder Opening of Urethra

Vagina Vulva Clitoris

What is occurring in the ovary: Females do not produce more eggs as they age, the eggs they have will just develop and be releases during different times in their lifetime

Fertilization & Conception

Size of Uterus

Hormone Cycle 1. GnRH Triggers FSH and LH production

Hypothalamus

Hormone Cycle Begins Pituitary Gland

2. FSH - Develops follicle

6. Prostagladin Ends progesterone production

Ovaries

3. Estrogen - Starts heat and suppresses FSH production 4. LH - Ruptures follicle and develops corpus luteum 5. Progesterone - Blocks FSH and LH production

Uterus

Female Hormones  GnRH – triggers LH and FSH hormones to get to work  FSH – develops follicle (will become eggs)  Estrogen – produced by follicle, starts heat period  LH – Bursts follicle from ovary  Progesterone – Blocks FSH & LH  Prostaglandin – Causes GnRH to get to work

Role Play 1. Pituitary Gland 2. GnRH – The General 3. FSH – The Fish 4. Ovary 5. Follicle 6. Estrogen 7. Egg 8. LH 9. Corpus Luteum - Scar 10. Progesterone – Police 11. Prostagladin – Glad Restart Button

Practice Put the following steps of the Hormone Cycle in the correct order: A) FSH develops the follicle B) Progesterone blocks FSH & LH C) Prostaglandin ends progesterone production D) GnRH starts FSH & LH production E) Estrogen starts heat F) LH ruptures egg from ovary

Answers D A E F B C

Questions: 1. Do females produce new follicles (eggs) throughout their lifetime? 2. Why is the cervix so important? 3. Would we have higher or lower conception rates if there was no clitoris? 4. Which stage do you think is the most important in the formation of the egg? Why? 5. What is the role of estrogen in the female body?