Summary On Nigeria’s Health Challenge.docx

SUMMARY ON NIGERIA’S HEALTH CHALLENGE The deficient projects intended to address the various medical issues in Nigeria have prompted the little enhancement in our wellbeing status. Other than the proceeded with disregard of the significance of tending to general medical problems would exacerbate the situation for poor Nigerians the vast majority of who are in a bad way. Nigeria is frequently referred to as the "Giant of Africa", attributable to its vast populace and economy.1 with around 182 million occupants, Nigeria is the most crowded nation in Africa and the seventh most crowded nation on the planet. Nigeria has one of the biggest populaces of youth in the world.2 Nigeria is the most crowded nation in Africa with in excess of 170 million people.3 it is a country made of in excess of 250 ethnic gatherings, 380 dialects, and a differing scope of social and religious convictions and practices. Medical issues in Nigeria are testing, yet tending to them utilizing general wellbeing standards is important to help steadiness in this vital territory of the world. The deficient projects intended to address the various medical issues in Nigeria have prompted the little enhancement in our wellbeing status. By and large future during childbirth is 54 years; newborn child death rate is 86 for every 1000 live birth while maternal mortality proportion is 840 for every 100,000 live births.4 Besides, the proceeded with disregard of the significance of tending to general medical problems would exacerbate the situation for poor Nigerians the greater part of who are in a bad way The top 10 causes of death in Nigeria are as follows:

1. Malaria (20%) 2. Lower Respiratory Infection (19%) 3. HIV/AIDS (9%) 4. Diarrheal Diseases (5%) 5. Road Injuries (5%) 6. Protein Energy Malnutrition (4%) 7. Cancer (3%) 8. Meningitis (3%) 9. Stroke (3%) 10. Tuberculosis (2%)

1. Malaria Malaria remains the foremost killer disease in Nigeria.It has the highest burden of disease in Nigeria with an estimated 300,000 children dying of malaria each year. It accounts for over 25% of infant mortality (children under aged one), 30% of child-hood mortality (children under five), and 11% of maternal mortality. At least 50% of the population has at least one episode of malaria annually, while children aged less than 5 years have 2 to 4 attacks annually.

2. Lower Respiratory Infection Lower respiratory tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases of humans worldwide and continue to be a major cause of morbidity in Nigeria. This study focused on determining the microbial agents of lower respiratory tract infections, the effect of age and gender on its prevalence, and the susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates.

3. HIV/AIDS Nigeria has 2.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS, The HIV/AIDS pandemic, which has already left at least 930,000 children orphaned, and the high rates of maternal death and disability, are outstanding public health issues in Nigeria. A high incidence of unsafe abortion is driven by legal restrictions and social stigma, while an extremely low rate of contraceptive use contributes to an estimated 1.4 million unintended pregnancies each year. 4. Diarrheal Diseases According to the latest WHO data published in 2017 Diarrhoeal diseases Deaths in Nigeria reached 186,218 or 9.16% of total deaths. The age adjusted Death Rate is 127.79 per 100,000 of population ranks Nigeria 4 in the world. 5. Road Injuries Transport is a critical sector of the Nigerian economy, whose catalytic effect, particularly on socio-economic development, cannot be, overemphasized. Over 80% of transportation in Nigeria is done by road. Transportation safety implies the prevention of accidents and the minimization of accident losses. As Nigeria becomes more mobile, the possibility of accidents resulting in the death of people and the destruction of property on our highway becomes more of a critical factor. The consequences of accidents on our roads are immense. Accidents cause significant losses to present and future productive manpower of our country, as well as, in many cases, profound social problems, deaths or serious injury. 6. Protein Energy Malnutrition Protein-energy malnutrition is still highly prevalent in Nigeria due to faulty weaning practices, poverty, poor sanitary conditions, minimal medical attention, and endemic childhood infections. Insufficient food intake affects the child principally as a result of one of these causes: 1) The child is offered little food and is unable to get more by him/herself; (for example, restricted intake of protein during illness or prolonged exclusive breast feeding); 2) The child is offered ample foods but the quantity is of inadequate quality for his/her needs, resulting in low protein and/or energy density; 3) Improper feeding practices such as nonhygienic preparation of over-diluted formula or starch gruels, which give rise to early-age severe protein-energy malnutrition. Studies in

Nigeria found that protein-energy malnutrition was the second cause of death in children under six years.

7. Cancer The increasing cases of cancer infections among Nigerians, young and old, only help to make life and living a little more precarious. In recent years, reported cases of people afflicted with cancer in the country have been on a steady rise. While many such persons have been killed by the disease, others have been knocked down by it and are yet battling for survival. It is bad enough that cancer is a terminal disease; it is worse that most Nigerian medical centres lack the diagnostic capacity to quickly detect and treat cancer infections. This has greatly compounded the problem, forcing several Nigerians to travel to countries like India, the Emirates, United Kingdom, etc., in search of treatment for the disease. The economic consequence of this is that it has led to so much capital flight while most medical experts are now agreed that the disease has become an important health care concern for the country. 8. Meningitis Nigeria has a long history of meningitis epidemics. One of the worst occurred in 1996 when 109,580 cases and 11,717 deaths were recorded. In 2003, there were 4,130 cases and 401 deaths; 9,086 cases and 562 deaths in 2008, and 9,086 cases and 562 deaths recorded in 2009. The historical records and past experiences influenced health authorities in Africa (especially countries within the African Meningitis Belt), the World Health Organisation and Development Partners to roll out a strategic intervention for the effective prevention of suchepidemics. 9. Stroke In Nigeria, one person is affected by a stroke every 80 minutes. Nigeria sees about 168,000 new stroke cases every year One of the many debilitating diseases in today’s society, a stroke happens when a major blood vessel (artery) which supplies nourishment and oxygen to the brain ruptures or is suddenly blocked. Disrupting this vital supply line to one half of the brain results in paralysis on the opposite side of the body. Stroke affects one in six people worldwide and is the second highest cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, strokes disproportionately affect the young and economically active members of society with serious consequences for family members and careers. 10. Tuberculosis Nigeria is ranked 4th among the 22 worst affected countries in the world and the first in Africa. As such, about 460,000 new TB cases occur yearly in Nigeria. Lagos state carries 8.4% of Nigeria TB burden and consistently has been responsible for about 11% of the cases of TB registered in Nigeria. The State program is implementing the internationally recommended STOP TB Strategy

Conclusion Nigeria is at present progressing in the direction of accomplishing the Millennium Development Goals. To achieve the objectives for the decrease of kid mortality, which structure MDG 4, Nigeria ought to diminish under-five passings for every 1,000 live births to 71, and increment measles vaccination to 100 percent by 2015. In spite of the community endeavors of both Nigerian Government, Donor Agencies and NGOs to give a productive and successful human services conveyance in Nigeria, standing up to issues render these endeavors significantly less than wanted. A portion of these issues or difficulties incorporate both developing and re-rising medical issues, for example, HIV/AIDS pandemic, deficient installment of wellbeing laborers pay rates, low quality of consideration, discriminatory medicinal services administrations, cerebrum channel, and silly arrangement of wellbeing specialists among others. Another worldwide weight has uncovered that intestinal sickness and HIV are as yet driving reason for death in Nigeria killing morethan of 190 thousand and 130 thousand individuals separately.