نظم المعلومات

‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ /‬ﺩﻋﺎء ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺘﻌﻠــﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﺤــل ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﻠﻴــل ﻭﺘﺼــﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟــﻨﻅﻡ ﻓــﻲ ﻤﺠــﺎل ﻨﻅــﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻋـل ﻤـﻊ ﺒﻌﻀـﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻏﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﻫــﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺔ ﻭﺘﺸــﻴﺭ ﺇﻟــﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘــﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜــﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘــﻲ ﻴﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻬــﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺒـﺭ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼـﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘــﺎﺝ ﻭﻴﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫــﻭ ﻨﻔﺴــﻪ ﻤﻨــﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺎﻗل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺁﻟﻴــﺔ ﻭﺇﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻅﻤــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺴــﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼــﻨﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓــﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴـــﺎﻨﺎﺕ ‪ data‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤــﻥ ﺜــﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬــﺎ ﺇﻟــﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـــﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ information‬ﻴﺴــﺘﺭﺠﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻥ ﻋﻨــﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴــﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤــﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤل ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ ﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻲ ﻨﻅـ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺘﻡ ﺍﺴـ‬ ‫ـﺩ ﻴـ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻗـ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘــﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴــﺔ ﻫــﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻨﻅــﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬

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‫ـﻰ‬ ‫ـل ﻤﻌـﺎﹰ ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﻲ ﺘﻌﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘـ‬ ‫ـﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻤـ‬ ‫" ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨــﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬــﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬــﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﻭﻴﺒﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻘــﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋــﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﻨﻨــﺔ ﻷﻏــﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺤــﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐــﺭﺽ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺘﻬــﺎ ﻟﻠﺒــﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼــﺎﻨﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘــﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺨــﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺸــﻜل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪.People‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪. Hardware‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـــــﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـــــﺔ ﻟﻸﻨﻅﻤـــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪Software‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪. Data‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ‪.Networks‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫــﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼــﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤــﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻀــﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤــل ﺒﻌﻀــﻬﺎ ﺍﻟــﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ـل‬ ‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻜﺎﻤـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟـ‬ ‫ـل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤـ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﻨﻅـ‬ ‫ـﻜل ﻴﺠﻌـ‬ ‫ـﺭﺍﺒﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸـ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘـ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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