Past Time Simple Past Tense Past Progressive Tense

PAST TIME Simple Past Tense Past Progressive Tense

SIMPLE PAST TENSE It shows an action or state that began and

ended at a clear time in the past. E.g. Ali ate lunch at 1:00 P.M.

Simple Past Tense Structure SUB + 2ND (V) + COMPLEMENT. Hamid went to university at 8:00am. Did/Didn’t + Sub + Verb + Complement? Did Hamid go to university at 8:00am? Sub + Did (not) + Verb + Complement. Hamid didn’t go to university at 8:00am.

THE PRINCIPLE FORMS OF THE VERB In English grammar, a verb has four principle forms. 1st/ Base Form (speak) 2nd/ Past Form (spoke) 3rd/Past Participle Form (spoken) Ing/Present Participle Form (speaking)

Regular Verbs Vs Irregular Verbs

1. Verbs that take d/ed/ied for their past and past

participle forms. E.g. Cook, Work, Stress, Walk, Pound… Cooked, worked, stressed, walked, pounded Cooked, worked, stressed, walked, pounded

Verbs that do not take d/ed/ied for their 2nd and 3rd forms.

Eat, ate, eaten. Break, broke, broken. Speak, spoke, spoken.

Spelling of (ING) and (ED) Forms 1. Verbs ending in (e): -Add only (d) e.g. Smile-Remove (e) and add (ing) e.g. Smile-

Smiled Smiling

2. Verbs ending in double consonant: (C+C) -Add (ed) -Add (ing)

e.g. Helpe.g. Help-

Helped Helping

3. Verbs ending in single consonant followed by

double vowel. -Add (ed) -Add (ing)

e.g. Raine.g. Rain-

Rain+ed Rain+ing

Spelling of (ING) and (ED) Forms Cont’d 4. Verbs ending in single vowel followed by a single consonant

One Syllable

Two Syllables

-Double the last consonant. *Add (ed)

e.g. Stopped

*Add (ing)

e.g. Stopping

-First Syllable Stress.

-Second Syllable Stress.

*Add (ed) OpenOpened

Double the last consonant &

*Add (ing) Open- Opening

*Add (ed) AdmitAdmitted *Add (ing) AdmitAdmitting

Spelling of (ING) and (ED) Forms Cont’d 5. Verbs ending in (Y) Followed by a vowel

Followed by a consonant *Change Y-to- i

-Add Only (ed) E.g. Play-Played

Add (ed)

-Add only (ing)

E.g. Cry-Cried

E.g. Play-Playing

-Add only (ing) E.g. Cry-Crying

6. Verbs ending (IE): Just Add (d), Change ie-Y and add (Ing) e.g. Die- Died-Dying

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE 1. Shows an action that was in progress at

a specific time in the past. E.g. I was waiting for you at 7:00pm yesterday.

2. Shows two actions that were in progress

in the past and did not interrupt each other. E.g. While I was cooking, Masood was making salad.

3. Shows that one action was in progress

when the second action occurred. E.g. When Ali came, the teacher was teaching. While the teacher was teaching, Ali came.

Past Progressive Tense Structure SUB + WAS/WERE + V (ING) + COMPLEMENT Frishta was cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock. WAS/WERE + SUB + V (ING) + COMPLEMENT? Was Frishta cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock? SUB + WAS/WERE (NOT) + V (ING) +COMPLEMENT. Frishta was not cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock.

Time Clause A clause is a group of related words that has

subject and verb. When/While/Before/After + Sub + Verb *When the time clause comes first, we use comma before main clause. E.g. John escaped when the police came. When the police came, John escaped.

USED TO It is an expression. It expresses a past situation or habit that no

longer exists at present. E.g. Khalid used to be our classmate.  E.g. Did Khalid use to be our classmate? 

*We use it only in the past. *We use base form of the verb after used to.