Past Perfect Simple And Past Perfect Continuous

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Rule: -A: S+ had+ Past Participle R.V.: V-ed

I.V.: F3

-I: Had+ S+ Past Part.? -N: S+ hadn’t+ Past Part. Past Pf. S. is used to express a PAST FINISHED ACTION that happened before another past moment or period of time or before another past action.

!TYPICAL CONSTRUCTIONS: 1)NO SOONER+ had+ S+ Past Part.+ THAN+ S+ Past S. = Nici nu...ca... . 2)HARDLY SCARCELY + had+ S+ Past Part.+ BARELY

WHEN+ S+ Past S. = Abia...ca... .

Eg;No sooner had I got into bad than I fell a slept. Barely had I unlocked the door when it was a power cut.

Rule: -A: S+ had+ been+ V-ing -I: Had+ S+ been+ V-ing ? -N: S+ hadn’t+ been+ V-ing

Past Pf. Cont. Is used to express an ACTION that starting at a certain moment in the past and still continuing until another past moment/period of time.

Eg;Until the XVIIIst century, the Romanians had been fighting for generations against the Turkish Empire.