Past Participle.docx

Past participle are a form of the verb that we use in perfect tenses, such as the present perfect and the present and past passive. Like other verb forms in English. There are regular and irregular forms for the past participles: go - gone, have – had, make – made, speak – spoken, etc. The past participle will be important in future lessons covering the perfect tenses. To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs). The following common verbs have irregular past participles:

abrir (to open) – abierto (open) cubrir (to cover) – cubierto (covered) decir (to say) – dicho (said) escribir (to write) – escrito (written) freír (to fry) – frito (fried) hacer (to do) – hecho (done) morir (to die) – muerto (dead) poner (to put) – puesto (put) resolver (to resolve) – resuelto (resolved) romper (to break) – roto (broken) ver (to see) – visto (seen) volver (to return) – vuelto (returned) VERB TENSES USING PAST PARTICIPLE

EXAMPLE China has become the second largest economy in the world.

Perfect Present

Present Passive

It’s is believed that China could be the largest economy in 2012

Past Passive

More information was generated in 2010 than in the previous 5,000 years of history

The past participle is used to express: a) The result of an action. For example, He escrito un libro. (I have written a book.) b) To serve as an adjective. For example, Veo la ventana abierta. (I see the open window.) · Some –er and –ir verbs are stem-changing verbs. The most common stem-changing past participles are:

Spanish

English

Spanish Conjugation

English Conjugation

Abrir

To open

Abierto

Opened

Cubrir

To cover

Cubierto

Covered

Decir

To tell

Dicho

Told

Describir

To describe

Descrito

Described

Escribir

To write

Escrito

Written

Freír

To fry

Frito

Fried

Hacer

To do, make

Hecho

Made

Ir

To go

Ido

Gone

Morir

To die

Muerto

Died

Poner

To put

Puesto

Put

Resolver

To resolve

Resuelto

Resolved

Romper

To break

Roto

Broken

Ser

To be

Sido

Been

Ver

To see

Visto

Seen

Volver

To return

Vuelto

Returned

Most past participles can be used as adjectives. Like other adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify. La puerta está cerrada. The door is closed. Las puertas están cerradas. The doors are closed. El restaurante está abierto. The restaurant is open. Los restaurantes están abiertos. The restaurants are open. All –ar verbs are conjugated by replacing the –ar ending with –ado. For example: Spanish Hablar Nevar El (la) mejor (de)

English To speak To snow Best

Spanish Conjugation Hablado Nevado El (la) peor (de)

English Conjugation Spoken Snowed Worst

· Regular –er and –ir verbs are conjugated by replacing the –er or –ir ending with – ido. For example: Spanish Comer Beber Vivir Recibir

English To eat To drink To live To receive

Spanish Conjugation Comido Bebido Vivido Recibido

English Conjugation Eaten Drunk Lived Received