Paper 3 2018.docx

mAnswer all questions. Jawab semua soalan. 1.

Kidney function is as an excretory organ. Volume of distilled urine varies according to the volume of water consumed. If a student drinks too little water, his blood pressure osmosis will increase, causing it to feel thirsty. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in reabsorption of water from the renal tubule into the blood capillary. Fungsi ginjal adalah sebagai organ perkumuhan. Isipadu air kencing yang dikumuhkan berbeza mengikut isipadu air yang diminum . Jika seorang pelajar minum terlalu sedikit air, tekanan osmosis darahnya akan meningkat, menyebabkan ia terasa dahaga. Hormon antidiuretik (ADH) terlibat dalam penyerapan semula air dari tubul ginjal ke dalam kapilari darah. A group of students had conducted an experiment to study the effect of taking different amounts of drinking water on the production of urine volume. The student performs the following steps: Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pengambilan isipadu air minuman yang berbeza ke atas penghasilan isipadu air kencing. Pelajar tersebut menjalankan langkah-langkah berikut: Step 1: Langkah 1: Four male students of the same age were selected. All students are not allowed to eat and drink starting at 12 pm. Empat pelajar lelaki dengan umur yang sama dipilih. Semua pelajar tidak dibenarkan makan dan minum bermula jam 12 malam. Step 2: Langkah 2: The next morning, all students are required to vacate the bladder. Pagi keesokan harinya , kesemua pelajar dikehendaki mengosongkan pundi kencing. Step 3: Langkah 3: Each student is given a different mineral water as follows: Student A: 150 ml, Student B: 300 ml, Student C: 450 ml and Student D: 600 ml. Setiap pelajar diberi minum air mineral yang berbeza ispadunya seperti berikut: Pelajar A :150 ml , Pelajar B : 300 ml, Pelajar C: 450 ml dan Pelajar D: 600 ml. Step 4: Langkah 4: All students were relaxed for 45 minutes in laboratory at room temperature, 30C. Semua pelajar direhatkan selama 45 minit dalam makmal pada suhu bilik, 30C. Step 5: Langkah 5: After 45 minutes, using the measuring cylinder, the student is required to urinate, and the reading is recorded. Selepas 45 minit, dengan menggunakan selinder penyukat, pelajar dikehendaki kencing dan bacaannya direkodkan.

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Table 1 shows the results of the experiment. Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen. Student Pelajar The volume of drinking water (ml) Isipadu air yang diminum (ml)

A

B

150

300

The volume of urin (ml) Isipadu air kencing (ml)

Student Pelajar The volume of drinking water (ml) Isipadu air yang diminum (ml)

C

D

450

600

The volume of urin (ml) Isipadu air kencing (ml)

Table 1 Jadual 1 (a)

Record the volume of urine in the box provided in Table 1. Rekod isipadu air kencing dalam kotak yang telah disediakan dalam Jadual 1. [3 marks] [3 markah]

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1(a)

(b)

(i)

Based on Table 1, state two different observations. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian berbeza. Observation 1: Pemerhatian 1: ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

Observation 2: Pemerhatian 2: ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 1(b)(i)

..................................................................................................................................... [3 marks] [3 markah] (b)

(i)

State two inferences corresponding to observation in 1(b)(i). State two inferences corresponding to observation in 1(b)(i). Inference of observation 1: Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1: ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Inference of observation 2: Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2: ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

1(b)(ii)

..................................................................................................................................... [3 marks] [3 markah]

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(c)

Complete Table 2 based on this experiment. Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini. Variable Pembolehubah

How to control variables Cara mengendalikan pembolehubah

Manipulated variable: Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

Responsing variable: Pembolehubah bergerak balas:

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

Constant variable: Pembolehubah dimalarkan:

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

…………………………………………………………... 1(c)

Table 2 Jadual 2 [3 marks] [3 markah]

(d)

State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini. ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 1(d)

................................................................................................................................................ [3 marks] [3 markah]

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(e)

(i)

Build a table and record all the data collected in the experiment. Your table should contain the following headings: Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpulkan dalam eksperimen itu. Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:  Students Pelajar  Volume of drinking water Isipadu air diminum  Volume of urine Isipadu air kencing  Volume of water absorbed in renal tubules Isipadu air yang diserap semula di tubul ginjal Volume of water absorb

=

Volume of drinking water

-

Volume of urine

Isipadu air yang diserap semula

=

Isipadu air yang diminum

-

Isipadu air kencing

1(b)(i)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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(e)

(ii)

Use the graph paper provided to answer this question. Using data in 1 (e) (i), draw a bar graph to indicate the volume of water absorbed in the kidney tubule against the volume of water consumed. Guna kertas graf yang disediakan untuk menjawab soalan ini. Menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis graf bar untuk menunjukkan isipadu air yang diserap semula di tubul ginjal melawan isipadu air yang diminum.

1(e)(ii)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(f)

Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii), state the relationship between the volume of water consumed by each student with the volume of water absorbed in the kidney tubule of the student. Explain your answer. Berdasarkan graf di 1(e)(ii), nyatakan hubungan antara isipadu air yang diminum oleh setiap pelajar dengan isipadu air yang diserap semula di tubul ginjal pelajar. Terangkan jawapan anda. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1(f)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] [3 markah]

(g)

Based on the results of this experiment, state the operating definition for urine production. Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi penghasilan air kencing. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1(g)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] [3 markah]

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(h)

In another experiment, Student A was restored in an air-conditioned laboratory with a temperature of 15°C. Predict the volume of urine obtained. Explain your answer. Dalam eksperimen yang lain, Pelajar A direhatkan dalam makmal berhawa dingin dengan suhu 15C. Ramalkan isipadu air kencing yang diperolehi. Terangkan jawapan anda. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] [3 markah]

(i)

The following list is the types of water that can be taken. Senarai berikut adalah jenis-jenis air yang boleh diminum.

Sea water Air laut

Rainwater Air hujan

0.05% salt water Air garam 0.05%

List the water types above based on the volume of urine after 45 minutes in Table 3. Senaraikan jenis air di atas berdasarkan isipadu air kencing selepas 45 minit dalam Jadual 3. Type of water Jenis air

Volume of urine Isipadu air kencing

…………………………………………….

Less Sedikit

……………………………………………

…………………………………………….

1(b)(i)

More Banyak

Table 3 Jadual 3 [3 marks] [3 markah]

TOTAL 1

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2.

Respiration is the cellular process of releasing energy from food. The main food used by cells for respiration is glucose. If oxygen is present, the animal, plant and yeast cells can carry out aerobic respiration. The overall process of aerobic respiration is as follows: Glucose + Oxygen  Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water If oxygen is absent, then the cells carry out anaerobic respiration or fermentation. Respirasi ialah proses pembebasan tenaga daripada makanan di dalam sel. Bentuk makanan yang utama digunakan dalam respirasi adalah glukosa. Dalam keadaan kehadiran oksigen, selsel haiwan, tumbuhan dan yis menjalankan respirasi aerobik. Proses respirasi aerobik secara keseluruhan adalah seperti berikut: Glukosa + oksigen  Tenaga + Karbon dioksida + Air 
 Sebaliknya jika tiada oksigen, sel-sel ini menjalankan respirasi anaerobik ataupun penapaian.

Lisa: I'm doing an experiment in school, "Does pH affect the rate of respiration in yeast?" I have to know what to be controlled and what to be observed in the experiment, and how. They said I need to plan the experiment, but I’m not sure how. I'm very stuck, can anyone help me please? Lisa: Saya menjalankan satu eksperimen di sekolah, “Adakah pH mempengaruhi kadar respirasi yis?” Saya perlu tahu apa yang perlu dikawal dan apa yang perlu diperhatikan dalam eksperimen ini, dan bagaimana. Mereka kata saya perlu rancang eksperimen ini, tapi saya tidak tahu bagaimana. Saya sangat buntu, bolehkah sesiapa bantu saya?

You are requested to help Lisa. You need to know well about the experiment before helping Lisa. By using suitable materials and apparatus available in your school laboratory, write out the planning of the experiment. Anda dikehendaki untuk membantu Lisa. Anda perlu betul-betul faham berkenaan eksperimen ini sebelum membantu Lisa. Dengan menggunakan bahan dan radas yang terdapat di dalam makmal sekolah anda, tuliskan satu perancangan bagi eksperimen ini. Your experimental planning need to include the following aspects: Perancangan eksperimen anda perlu meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:      

Problem Statement Pernyataan masalah Variables Pembolehubah Hypothesis Hipotesis List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas Experimental procedures Prosedur eksperimen Presentation of data Persembahan data

TOTAL 2

[17 marks] [17 markah] END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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