Paparan Bising Pada Pekerja Musik

PAPARAN BISING PADA PEKERJA MUSIK Ronny Suwento

PUSAT KESEHATAN TELINGA DAN GANGGUAN KOMUNIKASI DIVISI THT KOMUNITAS - Dept THT FKUI – RSCM WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Loss

PENGERTIAN BISING

 BISING : Suara yang tidak diharapkan  MUSIK : Suara yang diinginkan BISING Χ

PAPARAN BISING

MUSIK v

INTENSITAS LAMA

GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN / NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS

PERAN KOKLEA DALAM PROSES MENDENGAR Sensor suara yang masuk : distribusi frekuensi / nada ( dipilah – pilah) Mengubah energi akustik menjadi energi listrik, bisa dihantarkan ke otak melalui saraf pendengaran

PENGARUH BISING TERHADAP ORGAN TELINGA

Sel rambut luar koklea

PENGARUH BISING TERHADAP KOKLEA Gambaran mikroskop elektron

Sel rambut luar koklea

Sel rambut luar koklea

( Sehat )

( Rusak )

DATA MANCANEGARA  WHO (1988) 8 -12 % penduduk dunia menerima dampak bising  Denmark : TAB : 28 / 100.000 penduduk  USA pekerja/ penduduk terpapar 9 juta ( 1981)

30 juta ( 1990)

 Norwegia: TAB remaja 12 % (1981) menjadi 22 % (1988)  S‘ pura : 40 pekerja 5 disko, kerja 22.7 jam / minggu: 41.9 % TAB  Morioka - Japan ( 1993) : 37 remaja fans rock mengeluh telinga berdenging 30 diantaranya TAB. INDONESIA ????

Occupational Safety and Health Administration.(OSHA) Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure Hours per day

Sound level ( dB)

8

90

6

92

4

95

3

97

2

100

1.5

102

1

105

0.5

110

0.25

115

Sound Levels of Music Normal piano practice

60 -70 dB

Chamber music, small auditorium

75 – 85 dB

Violin

82 – 92 dB

Cello

85 -111 dB

Flute

92 -103 dB

Piccolo

90 -106 dB

French horn

90 – 106 dB

Trombone

85 – 114 dB

Tympani & bass drum

106 dB

Amplifier rock

120 dB

Rock music peak

150 dB

Decibel (Loudness) Comparison Chart were taken from a study by Marshall Chasin , M.Sc., Aud(C), FAAA, Center for Human Performance & Health, Ontario, Canada.

125

250

500

1000

2000

4000

8000

0

20 HEARING LEVEL (dB HL)

Audiogram

10

30 40 50

NORMAL

z v

RINGAN

j md n la b ng o r e i u

60 70 80

p h g ch sh

f th

s

SEDANG

BERAT

90 100 110

SANGAT BERAT

120 FREQUENCY IN CYCLES / detik (HZ)

 High freq sounds of 2.000 – 4.000 Hz the most damaging  The incidence of hearing loss  Classical musicians 4 – 43 %,  Rock musicians 13 – 30 %. MUSIKUS Rock, metal, pop

120 -130 dB

Orchestra

83 -112 dB

Jazz, Blues, Country

80 -101 dB

Pekerja musik rata-rata terpapar bising sekitar 4 – 8 jam/ hari.

OSHA : pekerja musik – paparan bising 8 jam/ hari dilingkungan 85 dB peraturan hearing conservation. Bising 90 dB berlaku UU Hearing Protection & upaya menurunkan kebisingan. Nat. Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) : Bising 110 dB dlm waktu 1 menit : risiko gangguan pendengaran menetap. Seseorang hanya boleh berada di lingkungan 100 dB - tanpa alat pelindung pendengaran – selama 15 menit.

PROTEKSI BISING UNTUK MUSIKUS

2 1

1. Ear piece Silicone 2. The attenuators : 3 levels of attenuation (sound reduction): ER-9, ER-15, ER-25.

H.E.A.R ( Hearing Education and Awareness of Rocker) www. hear.net  Pete Townshend (The WHO) yang juga menjadi donatur forum H.E.A.R  Phil Collins - organisasi PARTNER. 2005 : Sound Partners Lifetime Achievement Award for Recording Arts dari House Ear Institute ( Sentra penelitian pendengaran bergengsi di Amerika Serikat).

Pete Townshend - 1970

Pete Townshend 2007

 Kathy Peck, founder of S. Francisco-based grassroots nonprofit Hearing Education Awareness for Rockers (H.E.A.R.),  To raise awareness for hearing after she experienced severe ear trauma at a single concert in the '80s when her band, The Contractions, opened for Duran Duran at a local arena.  Since then, she has worked tirelessly to educate the public about the dangers of noise exposure and provide musicians and music fans with hearing protection.

MICHAEL MANN AND PHIL COLLINS HONORED FOR ACHIEVEMENTS AT HOUSE EAR INSTITUTE’S GALA EVENT AT BEVERLY HILLS HOTEL 

LOS ANGELES – March 21, 2005 –Michael Mann will receive the “Sound Partners Lifetime Achievement Award for Film,” and Phil Collins will receive the “Sound Partners Lifetime Achievement Award for Recording Arts” at the House Ear Institute’s 27th Annual Benefit Gala at the Beverly Hills Hotel on March 24, 2005. Florence Henderson will emcee the gala event, which will raise funds for the Institute’s Sound Partners™ hearing conservation program that raises public awareness about the importance of protecting our hearing against the dangers of noise in our world. “Hollywood Auction for Hearing Health.”

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Michael Mann’s highly acclaimed filmmaking career spans more than three decades and has earned him numerous awards and honors, including four Academy Award nominations : The Aviator. Collateral (starring Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx), Heat, The Insider, and Last of the Mohicans, which won an Academy Award for its sound work.

DET EKSI

DI NI

PEMERIKSAAN PENDENGARAN

OTO ACOUSTIC EMISSION ( OAE) Koklea sehat ( PASS) Gangguan koklea ( REFER)

 AUDIOMETRI NADA MURNI  Ambang pendengaran ( suara terkecil dapat didengart)

MUSICIAN AND HEARING LOSS 1. Pete Townshend ( gitaris The WHO) 2. Eric Clapton ( gitaris, penyanyi pop rock) 3. Phill Collins (drummer grup Genesis,penyanyi solo) 4. George Harrison( The Beatles) 5. Barbara Streisand, penyanyi, artis film 6. Liberty Divito (drummer Billy Joel) 7. Engelbert Humperdinck, penyanyi pop 8. The Sting, penyanyi dan musisi 9. Lars Ulrich - drummer grup rock Metallica 10.James Hetfield - Metallica , rhythm guitar .

PEMERIKSAAN TAMBAHAN  TIMPANOMETRI  Kondisi telinga tengah ( middle ear)