Osteoarthritis.docx

ACTIVE I OSTEOARTHRITIS ‘GENES, OVERWEIGHT, INJURY AND REPITITVE STRAIN OVE ACTIVE RESPONSE OF CHONDROCYTES AND INFLAMMATORY CELLS SURROUNDING THE TISSUE RELEASE OF ENZYMES, CELL BREAKDOWN COLLAGEN AND PROSTEOGLYCANS DESTROYING ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

SUBCHONDRIAL BONE IS EXPOSED SCLEROSIS OCCURS

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WITH REMODELLING FORMATION OF OSTEOPHYTES AND BONE CYSTS

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 

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PAIN OR STIFFNES Caused by:  inflamed synovium, stretching of the joint capsule or ligaments, irritation of nerve endings in the periosteum over osteophytes (bone spurs), trabecular microfracture, intraosseous hypertension, bursitis, tendinitis, and muscle spasm. FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT AND LIMITED MOTION

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT MEASURES:  PATIENT EDUCATION  WEIGHT REDUCTION  JOINT REST AND AVOIDANCE OF JOINT OVERUSE  ISOMETRIC AND POSTURAL EXERCISE  OCCUPATIONAL AND PHYSICAL THERAPY COMPLEMENTARY:  HERBAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS  ACUPUNCTURE  ACUPRESSURE  PHARMACOLOGIC:  ACETAMINOPHEN  NON-SELECTIVE NSAIDS  COX 2 ENXYME BLOCKERS- Used for patients at risk for complications CAUTION: associated risk of cardiovascular disease’  OPIODS AND INTRAARTICULAR CORTICOSTEROIDS  GLUCOSAMINE  VISCOSUPPLEMENTATTION ( HYALURONATES)- gel like substance SURGICAL  OSTEOTOMY AND ARTHROPLASTY  

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NURSING MANAGEMENT: PAIN MANAGEMENT REFERRAL FOR AN EXERCISE PROGRAM CANES OR ASSISTIVE DEVICES TO BE CONDSIDERED