Oral Cavity And Pharynx 10-26

Oral cavity and Pharynx Dept of Anatomy

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ORAL REGION Includes oral cavity, teeth, gingiva,tongue, palate, and palatine tonsils  Food is ingested and prepared for digestion  Food is chewed by teeth and saliva facilitate formation of manageable food bolus  Swallowing is initiated [voluntary phase]  Food is pushed into the pharynx [automatic phase] 

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Oral Cavity 

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2 parts: 1] Oral vestibule 2]Oral cavity proper Oral vestibule = slit space bet teeth- buccal gingiva and lips-cheek

>Vestibule communicates with exterior thru mouth >Size of opening is controlled by circumoral muscles as orbicularis oris,buccinator, risorius, depressors and elevators of lips 4

Oral Cavity Proper  

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Space bet upper and lower dental arches Limited laterally and anteriorly by maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches Roof: Palate Communicates post’ly w/ oropharynx When mouth is closed, O.C. occupied by tongue 5

LIPS 

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Mobile, muscular folds surrounding the mouth Contain the orbicularis oris, superior and inferior labial muscles, BV,nerves Covered by skin [outside] and mucous memb[inside] Fxn: Grasping food, sucking liquids,forming speech, kissing 6

UPPER LIPS Bet nose and opening of oral cavity Vermillion border  Indicates abrupt start of transitional zone Nasolabial grooves- bet nose and angle of mouth - prominent when smiling Philtrum – infranasal depression

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LOWER LIPS 

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Between mouth and labiomental groove Labiomental groove = sep lower lip from chin Labial frenula= free edged folds of mucous memb in the midline - extends fr vestibular gingiva to mucosa of upper and lower lip 8

Upper Lip   

BS: Superior labial br of facial and infraorbital art NS: Superior labial br of infraorbital nerves LS: Submandibular LN

Lower Lip   

BS: Inferior labial br of facial and mental art NS: Inferior labial br of mental nerves LS: Submental LN

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Cheeks   

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Form the lateral movable walls of the OC Buccinator = principal muscle of the cheek Pushes food from vestibule into mouth proper BS: Buccal br of maxillary artery NS: Buccal br of mandibular nerve 10

GINGIVA 

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Composed of fibrous tissue Attached gingivaattached to alveolar process of jaws and necks of teeth Loose gingiva-shiny red and nonkeratinizing Lingual gingiva-related to tongue 11

TONGUE Mobile muscular organ  Partly in oral cavity and pharynx  At rest, occupies oral cavity proper  Main functions: 1] Forming words 2] squeezing food into the pharynx when swallowing 

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Parts of the Tongue   

Body – anterior 2/3 Root – posterior third Apex – pointed anterior

Dorsum >Terminal sulcus - Vshaped groove >Foramen cecum - small pit >Lingual papilla - rough anterior mucous membrane 

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LINGUAL PAPILLAE 

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Vallate - large and flat topped - anterior to terminal sulcus Foliate - small lateral folds - poorly developed Filiform - long and numerous - contain afferent nerve ending - sensitive to touch - V-shaped row parallel to terminal sulcus Fungiform - mushroom shaped - apex and sides 14

Muscles of the Tongue 

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Details about this topic Supporting information and examples How it relates to your audience

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END of Oral Cavity

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Pharynx Dept. of Anatomy

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PHARYNX Fibromuscular tube  Extends from the base of the skull to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (at which point it becomes the esophagus)  Portions of the pharynx lie posterior to: nasal cavity (nasopharynx) oral cavity (oropharynx) larynx (laryngopharynx) 

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PHARYNX 

Behind nasal cavities, mouth, larynx

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Funnel-shaped

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Musculo membranous wall

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Mucous membrane 

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Continuous with nasal cavity, mouth, larynx and tympanic cavity UPPER: ciliated columnar epithelium LOWER: stratified squamous epithelium

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Fibrous layer 

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ABOVE: thicker, stronger, connected to base of skull BELOW: continuous with submucous coat of esophagus

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Muscular layer 

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Consists of: superior constrictors middle constrictors inferior constrictors Fibers: circular fashion stylopharyngeus ms. salpingopharyngeus ms. 22

Superior Constrictor Muscle Origin: medial pterygoid plate pterygoid hamulus pterygomandibular ligament mylohyoid line  Insertion: Upper - pharygeal tubercle Middle – median fibrous raphe 

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Superior Constrictor Muscle 

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Nerve supply: pharyngeal plexus Action: contract and pull post pharyngeal wall forward during swallowing aid soft plate in closing off nasopharynx 24

Middle Constrictor Muscle 

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Origin: stylohyoid ligament lesser and greater cornua of hyoid Insertion: median fibrous raphe

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Middle Constrictor Muscle 

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Nerve supply: pharyngeal plexus Action: contracts and propels food bolus down into esophagus

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Inferior Constrictor Muscle 

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Origin: thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage Insertion: superior fibers – MCM lower fibers – esophagus median fibrous raphe 27

Inferior Constrictor Muscle 

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Nerve supply: pharyngeal plexus Action: propel bolus of food into esophagus cricopharyngeus muscle – sphincteric effect

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Stylopharyngeus Muscle

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Origin: styloid process, temporal bone Insertion: between SCM and MCM Nerve supply: glossopharyngeal nerve Action: elevate larynx and pharynx during swallowing

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Salpingopharyngeus 

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Origin: lower part, auditory tube Insertion: blend with palatopharyngeus Nerve supply: pharyngeal plexus Action: assists in elevating pharynx 30

Palatopharyngeus 

The PALATOPHARYNGEUS takes origin, as the name suggests, from the soft palate, and runs down the length of the pharynx, intermingling with fibers of the stylopharyngeus below the inferior border of the superior constrictor

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Nasopharynx 

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Roof: body of sphenoid basilar part of occipital bone pharyngeal tonsil Floor: soft palate pharyngeal isthmus

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Nasopharynx   

Anterior wall: post. nasal apertures Posterior wall: ant. arch of atlas Lateral wall: auditory tube tubal elevation salpingo pharyngeal fold pharyngeal fold tubal tonsil 33

Oropharynx  

Roof: soft palate, pharyngeal isthmus Floor: post. 1/3 tongue and epiglottis lingual tonsil median glossoepiglottic fold 2 lateral glosso epiglottic fold vallecula 34

Oropharynx 

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Anterior wall: mouth, tongue Posterior wall: C2, C3 Lateral wall: palato glossal and palato pharyngeal arches/folds palatine tonsils 35

Laryngo pharynx 

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Upper epiglottis and cricoid Walls: Ant. – inlet of pharynx Post. – C3 – C6 Lat. – thyroid cartillage Pyriform fossa 36

Palatine tonsils  

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Lymphoid tissue Lateral walls of oropharynx (tonsilar sinuses) Tonsillar crypts Intratonsillar cleft Capsule Early childhood: maximum size Post puberty: diminishes in size 37

Pharynx 

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Nerve supply: pharyngeal plexus CN 9, 10 sympathetic nerves Motor: CN 10, 11 Sensory: maxillary nerve, CN 9, 10

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Pharynx

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Arterial supply: ascending pharyngeal ascending palatine facial maxillary lingual Venous supply: pharyngeal venous plexus internal jugular veins Lymphatic supply: deep cervical retropharyngeal/paratracheal

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PHARYNX 

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The muscular walls of the pharynx are comprised of an outer layer made up of 3 circularly disposed muscles, the CONSTRICTORS The constrictors are logically named (from superior most to inferior most) the SUPERIOR, MIDDLE and INFERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS

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PHARYNX 

ACTIONS OF THE PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES During swallowing, successive contraction of the superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles helps to propel the bolus (ball) of food down into the esophagus

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PHARYNX 

ACTIONS OF THE PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES contraction of the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx helps to raise the pharynx, effectively aiding it in engulfing the bolus of food

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PHARYNX 

ACTIONS OF THE PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES In between acts of swallowing, the lowest fibers of the inferior constrictor are thought to act as a sphincter, guarding the entrance to the esophagus and preventing the entry of air into the digestive system

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PHARYNX 

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MOTOR INNERVATION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX arises mainly from the CRANIAL DIVISION of the ACCESSORY NERVE (XI). Note, however, that these axons TRAVEL with those of the VAGUS NERVE, and are indistinguishable from it Exception: The STYLOPHARYNGEUS MUSCLE receives its motor innervation from the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (TX) Note that this is the ONLY muscle innervated by this nerve

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PHARYNX 

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SENSORY INNERVATION OF THE PHARYNX. via the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF THE PHARYNX is mainly by way of branches of the vagus nerve.

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PHARYNX 

SPECIAL LYMPHATIC TISSUE OF THE PHARYNX the pharynx contains a "ring" of specialized lymphatic tissue designed to prevent the entry of pathogens into the digestive and respiratory tracts

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PHARYNX 

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SPECIAL LYMPHATIC TISSUE OF THE PHARYNX This specialized lymphatic tissue is known as "tonsils" and is organized into three groups: nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), located in the nasal pharynx; palatine tonsils (tonsils), located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds in the oral pharynx; and lingual tonsils, located on the posterior surface of the tongue

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