Oral Anatomy Lesson 3

ORAL ANATOMY LESSON 3

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PARAORAL TISSUES – are structures functionally associated with the oral cavity

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FUNCTIONS OF THE PARAORAL TISSUES: • MASTICATION • ARTICULATION • INGESTION • TASTE • SPEECH • DIGESTION • DEGLUTATION • RESPIRATION

CHEEKS – is the lateral boundary of the oral vestibule by the upper vestibular fornix superioirly, the lower vestibular fornix inferiorly and the pterygomandibular raphe laterally

LIPS – are two fleshy borders of the mouth that are connected at the commissure and are basically made up of muscles and salivary glands STRUCTURES OF THE LIPS: • MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION – the area of the lips between the skin of the face and the red part of the lips • RED ZONE/VERMILLION AREA – is the red/pink part of the lips that is covered by a nonkeratinized mucosa • WET LINE/WET-DRY LINE – is the area separating the red zone and the labial mucosa • LABIAL COMMISSURE – the area where the upper lip meets the lower lip • NASOLABIAL GROOVE – a shallow depression extending from the corner ala of the nose down to the corner of the mouth • LABIOMARGINAL SULCUS – a shallow depression extending downward from the corner of the mouth • LABIOMENTAL GROOVE – a convex depression separating the lower lip from the chin

TUBERCLE OF THE UPPER LIP – is a midline protrusion in the red zone of the upper lip PHILTRUM – a shallow depression extending from the center of the nose down to the center of the upper lip

STRUCTURES OF THE CHEEKS: • BUCCINATOR MUSCLE – the muscle of the cheeks • BUCCAL FAT PAD OF BICHAT – the fat of the cheeks that usually decrease in size with age and is called the SUCKLING PAD in infants • PAROTID PAPILLA – found opposite the buccal vestibule • LINEA ALBA – a white line found at the occlusal plane where it extends horizontally along the midline of the cheeks TONGUE – a flat broad muscular organ found at the floor of the mouth and is the principal organ for taste STRUCTURES OF THE TONGUE: • ANTEROIR 2/3 OF THE TONGUE – or the BODY is the one that is facing the palate • POSTERIOR 1/3 OF THE TONGUE – or the BASE is the one that is facing the floor of the mouth • LINGUAL PAPILLA – covers the dorsal anterior 2/3 of the tongue • LINGUAL FOLLICLES – covers the dorsal posterior 1/3 of the tongue and is called LINGUAL TONSILS collectively

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TERMINAL SULCUS – a V-shaped area separating the anterior and posterior dorsal part of the tongue FORAMEN CECUM – the slight depression of the tongue MEDIAN SULCUS – a shallow groove extending along the midline of the tongue ending in a slight depression DORSAL MUCOSA – lined by specialized mucosa VENTRAL MUCOSA – smooth and thin MANDIBULAR TORI – a nonpathological excess of bone

* The TRIGEMINAL NERVE innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue while the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue LINGUAL PAPILLA OF THE DORSAL ANTERIOR 2/3 OF THE TONGUE: • CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA – is arranged in a V-shaped manner and is usually 8 in number shaped as a very big mushroom papilla found in front of the foramen cecum that contains the taste buds which are sensitive to the bitter taste • FILIFORM PAPILLA – is the most numerous papilla which is scattered throughout the tongue but is the only papilla that doesn’t contain taste buds and it is hair-like, it has a conical shape, it is highly keratinized and it is the one responsible for giving the tongue its grayish-pink velvety appearance • FUNGIFORM PAPILLA – is found on the apex o the tongue. It is a mushroom shaped papilla smaller than the circumvallate

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papilla that contains the taste buds for sweet and salty tastes and is clinically seen as dark red scattered spots on the tongue FOLIATE PAPILLA – are large raised papillae on the sides of the tongue that contains the taste buds which are sensitive to the sour taste

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE: • GENIOGLOSSUS MUSCLE – the strongest extrinsic muscle of the tongue o Origin: GENIAL TUBERCLE OF THE MANDIBLE o Insertion: TONGUE o Action: depressor protractor of the tongue • STYLOGLOSSUS MUSCLE o Origin: ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE STYLOID PROCESS o Insertion: TONGUE o Action: elevate and retract the tongue • PALATOGLOSSUS MUSCLE o Origin: LOWER SURFACE OF THE PALATINE APONEUROSIS o Insertion: TONGUE o Action: a sphincter muscle that closes the oronasal opening • HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE o Origin: HYOID BONE o Insertion: TONGUE o Action: depressor of the tongue INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE: • LONGITUDINAL • VERTICAL • TRANSVERSE

SALIVARY GLANDS – a fluid material made up mostly of water that moistens the oral cavity STRUCTURES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS: • SUBLINGUAL CARUNCULA – is a site on either side of the frenulum linguae on the sublingual surface that denotes the site at which the submandibular gland empties into the oral cavity • PAROTID GLAND – the largest of the 3 salivary glands that is found at the side of the face in front of the ear and behind the ramus of the mandible that mostly secretes the serous type • SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND – is about the size of a walnut secretes 80% serous and 20% mucous (WHARTON’S DUCT) • SUBLINGUAL GLAND – the smallest of the 3 salivary glands located at the floor of the mouth and secretes mucous primarily (BARTHOLIN’S DUCT) • MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS – very small glands with very short ducts delivering small amounts of saliva • LABIAL GLANDS – numerous and found within the labial area • BUCCAL GLANDS – found within the cheek area • PALATINE GLANDS – found at the posterior 1/3 of palate and soft palate • LINGUAL GLANDS – found at the tongue • ANTERIOR LINGUAL GLANDS – also known as glands of BLANDIN & NUHN is located at the apex of the tongue • LINGUAL GLANDS OF VON EBNER – glands found beneath the circumvallate papilla

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POSTERIOR LINGUAL GLANDS – found on the lingual tonsils on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue INCISIVE GLANDS – found basically on the floor of the mouth behind the 2 lower incisors

TONSILS – lymphoid tissues contained within the pharyngeal fauces PHARYNGEAL LYMPHATIC RING OF WALDEYER: • PHARYNGEAL • PALATINE • LINGUAL PARANASAL SINUSES – are air-filled cavities that lessens the weight of the skull • SPHENOID • FRONTAL • ETHMOID • MAXILLARY (ANTRUM OF HIGHMORE)

-Rosette Go 070308 