IMMEDIATE RESPONSE MONOGRAPH. PART TWO: EMERGENCY RESPONSE
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
New York City: Emergency Preparedness on September 10th A)
General Principles
B)
Principal Responders 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
C)
FDNY: History and Organization NYPD: History and Organization The Uneasy Relationship Between FDNY and NYPD NY OEM The Port Authority: History and Organization Building owners of WTC Tenants of WTC Target WTC, NYC: Stature of NY, Trade Center FEMA
The Terrorist Attack of 1993: Lessons Learned 1.
Command and Control
2.
Evacuation
3.
Communication a. The Repeater System
III.
New York City: Response on September 11 A)
Response upon Impact 1.
Tower 1 a. Timeline: Who arrived from where?
2.
Tower 2
a. Timeline: How did the second impact affect the deployment of emergency responders?
B) Critical Choices: Command and control, Communication, and Evacuation From 8:46 until the first tower collapsed 1.
Command and Control: Parallel Authorities a. b. c d e. f.
2.
NYPD FDNY Private sector NY OEM FEMA Port Authority
Communication: a. Failures of internal communication b. Failures of interoperability c. Failures of situational awareness: the 911 calls
3.
Evacuation a. Timing of the decision to evacuate/not to fight the fires b. Implications of the decision not to fight the fires: Was collapse
inevitable? c. Success of the evacuation d. FDNY Deployment e. NYPD Deployment 1. the helicopter transmission C)
The First Collapse: 9:59 1.
NIST structural assessment of why the towers fell
2.
The command and control response
3.
The emergency responder perspective
D)
The Period Between Collapses, 9:59-10:20: A Critical Lost Opportunity?
E)
The Second Collapse
1. The Obliteration of Command and Control 2. The Transition to Consequence Management 3. Securing the Scene F)
Immediate Repercussions 1. Loss of Life 2. Loss of Twin Towers 3. Closure of the financial markets 4. Economic Impact on New York City 5. Insurance Losses and Recoveries
IV.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE AT THE PENTAGON [to be inserted]
V.
LESSONS LEARNED: BEST PRACTICES IN A WORLD TRANSFORMED A)
Emergency response best practices 1. Command and Control 2. Evacuation strategies 3. Continuity of business/government
B).
Creating Incentives for Emergency Preparedness 1. Interagency relations: Overcoming bureaucratic rivalries 2. Private Sector Incentives for Preparedness a. The need for a standard: The ANSI Process and Standard b. Market-Driven Incentives: Rating Agencies, Insurance
Companies, etc.