Nuclear Energy Is The Best For Jordan

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O.Sh.Alyahia M.K.Jaradat L.M.Alawnih F.J.Ahmad M.Alomari M.Y.Sa’efan

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Energy is the ability to do work. Oil, coal, natural gas, wind, water – just to name a few - provide us the energy we need in our daily lives. For example, we use oil to produce gasoline for our cars. We use natural gas, coal, solar and wind power to generate electricity that makes the computer you are using work!

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Energy is an essential part of our daily lives. We use energy to heat and cool our homes, schools and businesses. We use energy for lights and appliances. Energy makes our vehicles go, planes fly, boats sail, and machines run. All living things need energy too. Plants use the light from the sun to grow. Animals and people eat the plants and use the energy that was stored. Food is fuel for our bodies' energy needs like muscle power. We also use our own bodies to make heat energy. When you have been running or working really hard, your body produces heat energy. When you wear clothing like a jacket in the winter, it holds in that heat energy and keeps you warm.

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The very first energy source was the sun providing heat and light during the day. Later fire was discovered by a lightning strike, producing another source of heat and light.

Thousands of years later we discovered that the wind could be harnessed and we began to use sails on our boats for transportation. Later we began to use windmills to turn water wheels for grinding grain.

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Throughout history, we have made lots of discoveries using energy. Before 1850, wood was our main source of fuel for heating, cooking and producing steam for powering steam engines for the railroads. Other sources of energy were water, wind, coal and some manufactured natural gas.

Natural gas was used as early as 500BC by the Chinese. They would find natural gas leaking from the ground and use bamboo to pipe the gas for use in boiling sea water to remove the salt.

Around 1816 manufactured natural gas, made from coal, was first used for street lights . Nuclear engineering

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From about 1850 to 1945, coal was the main fuel source. Wood was still an important energy source for heating as well as natural gas for lighting, but water and wind were used less.

For most of the 1900s, oil and natural gas were our main fuel sources. Electricity was used more in the late 1900s. From about 1945 to the present, nuclear and solar energy along with water and wind have played a larger role in the production of energy. Other alternative energy sources being used today are geothermal and biomass. Nuclear engineering

 Energy

Conservation  Each year we are looking for more ways to conserve our energy resources, like natural gas and oil, because these are non-renewable fuels. That means there is a limited supply. By using renewable fuels like water for hydropower and sunlight for solar power, or alternative fuel sources like fuel cells and biomass, we can help conserve our natural resources so they don't run out.  Be sure to check out our Energy Efficiency section so you can become an energy Super Saver and receive your very own Super Saver Certificate! Nuclear engineering

 Energy

comes from different sources such as oil, coal, wind, the sun, water, natural gas, nuclear fuel and even manure.

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There is two groups of energy sources:  Non-renewable: • Coal • Gas • Oil • Nuclear fuel  Renewable: • Wind • Sun • Hydro Nuclear engineering

 Any

energy source must be meet the “Three E’s” to be viable.  Economics  Environment  Energy

Supply

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 Capital

Cost  Fuel Cost :( Actual cost of the fuel and Stability of the price of the fuel)  Infrastructure Cost

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 Land

Use  Gas Emissions : (GHG, NOx,SOx, Hg,…etc, and particulate)  Solid Waste  Other Waste products  Other impacts: (Noise pollution, Visual or Cosmetic Impacts, and Social impacts)

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_ Availability of the resource: ( Availability of Fuel, Availability of Sites, Availability of Raw Materials )  Political

Stability  Technology for use of the resource:( Maturity, Construction Time)  Reliability:( Capacity Factors)

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Economics

Fuel Cost

Cost Stability

Maintenance Costs Infrastructure Cost Land Use Gas Emissions Solid Waste Environment

Other Waste Noise Other impacts

Visual / Cosmetic Social Fuel

Availability Energy Supply

Sites Raw Materials Political Stability

Technology Reliability

Maturity Construction Time Capacity Factors

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Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fission

Biofuels

Solar

Geothermal

Wind

Hydroelectric

Oil

Natural Gas

Coal Capital Cost

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1951

1953 Nuclear engineering

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 1961

– The first Egyptian research reactor (ETRR1) designed by Russia.  1967 – Iraqi first research reactor (IRT-1) supplied by Russia.  1967 – Iranian first research reactor (TRR).  1997 – Syria’s first research reactor (MNSR) supplied by China.

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 In

the mid 80’s the demand on nuclear power decreased, many reasons affected this, one of them is the different nuclear accidents such as the Chernobyl and Three Mile Inland, causing the public to be afraid of nuclear power.

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 The

instability in the oil prices , and the decreasing energy sources made the nuclear power arise again with improved plant designs.  In August 2008, 439 nuclear power plant’s distributed in 30 different countries were operating supplying 15% of worlds energy demand.

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Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. Atoms are tiny particles that make up every object in the universe. There is enormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms together. Nuclear energy can be released from atoms in two ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. In nuclear fusion, energy is released when atoms are combined or fused together to form a larger atom. In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, releasing energy.

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The sun and stars our sources of energy, this energy is the result of nuclear reactions, in which matter is converted to energy. Presently, nuclear energy provides for approximately 16% of the world's electricity. Unlike the stars which work on the nuclear fusion, nuclear reactors that we have today work on the principle of nuclear fission. Some people think that nuclear energy is here to stay and we must learn to live with it. Others say that we should get rid of all nuclear power plants. Both sides have their advantages and disadvantages to nuclear energy. Nuclear engineering

 Shortage

of fossil fuels.  Fuel is inexpensive.  Increase energy consumption.  Lack of drinking water.  More competitively price.  Limited environmental impacts(No greenhouse or acid rain effects).  Wide range of applications. Nuclear engineering

 One

possible type of reactor disaster is known as a meltdown.(Three Mile Island , Chernobyl)  Waste disposal problems.  Nuclear reactors only last for about forty to fifty years.  Nuclear explosions produce radiation.

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sourcesof radiation

8%

radon

3%2%1%

middical X-ray

8%

food and water soil and rocks

11%

56%

cosemic ray nuclear middecin

11%

other sources

Less than one percent of exposure is due to the generation of electricity from the NPPs. The principal source of human exposure to radiation is from medical X-rays. Nuclear engineering

When radiation’s energy is deposited into our body's that is a dose of radiation.  The more energy deposited into the body the higher dose.  Effects of radiation : IV. Alters atoms. V. Damage to cells and DNA causes mutations and cancer. VI. Much of the resulting damage is from the production of ions. 

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Columbia university Mailman school of public health completed health study for nuclear workers (Nov.2004) : Study involved 53,698 nuclear power plant employees. Compared to general population , mortality rates were: 35% lower for all cancers. 66% lower for all non-cancers. 60% lower for all causes of mortality. Nuclear engineering

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Since 2001, Jordan has been developing a national strategy for civilian nuclear power.  But only in January 2008, that Jordan’s parliament empowered the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) to lead the national effort and implement the Kingdom's nuclear strategy ---to be the Nuclear Power Implementation Organization (NEPIO) for the country. 

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 Furthermore

parliament established an independent Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission (JNRC), to promulgate the needed legal, regulatory, and security framework for the introduction of nuclear power.  JAEC has concluded nuclear cooperation agreements with France, China, South Korea, Canada, and will conclude two soon with Russia and UK.

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 Jordan

energy demand is projected to grow due to:  population growth  economic growth  industrialization  water pumping and

 Main

assumptions:

 Pop ~7.5 million  GDP (%/yr)

09)

desalination

in 2020; 9.2 M by 2030 4.4-5.1 (2005-

3.1 – 3.8 (2010-14) 2.9- 3.6 (2015- ) Nuclear engineering

 Options

are limited:

Natural

Gas is a short term option and cannot be relied on for mid or longer term Renewable technologies are mainly high cost, limited utilization, and cannot be base load Oil shale, a medium term, should be reserved for liquid fuels and not for electricity Nuclear engineering

6000 5025

5000

4507 3869

4000 3226 MWe

3000 2000

2504 2030

1000 0 y2007

y2010

y2015

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y2020

y2025

y2030

 Jordan

is endowed with rich uranium resources  There are many indications for deposits but much is still unexplored  Only Central Jordan has been somewhat explored

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 Deposits

explored in central Jordan are mainly on the surface with avg thickness of 1.5 m with overburden of ~ 0.5 m  Bearing material (carbonate rocks) is fine grained & brittle and hence easy to mine (open cast mining) with minimum hazard from radon

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 Transform

Jordan from net energy importing to net energy exporting country by 2030  Make available power to fuel economic growth at low cost

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