Notes Ch # 1

Chapter # 1

PHYSICS AN INTRODUCTION Q#1: Choose the correct answer of the statement from the given choices I.

Energy obtained by breaking 1kg of uranium is equal . to the energy obtained from burning kg of oil. (a) one million(b)2million (c)3million (d) 4million

II.

In 20th century __________declared that mass and energy are forms of each other. (a)Newton (b) Einstein (c) Galileo (d) Hero

III.

The branch of physics concern with the motion of body is known as (a) Light (b) Sound (c) heat and thermodynamics (d) mechanics

IV.

________ is the forth state of matter (a) Gas (b) light (c) plasma (d) liquid

V.

The study of internal structure of earth is known as ________ (a) Astronomy (b) Geophysics (c) Seismography (d) Electromagnetism

VI.

Ibn-ul-hathem works on ___________ (a) Heat and thermodynamics (b) Electromagnetism (c) Wave (d) Light

VII.

Alkundi worked on ___________ (a) Heat and thermodynamics (b) Electromagnetism (c) Sound (d) Light

VIII.

Kitab-ul-Astarlaab was written by ___________ (a) Ibn-ul-hathem (b) Alberuni (c) Alkundi (d) Abdus Slam

IX.

Dr. abdus Slam was awarded noble prize in _____________ (a) 1971 (b) 1979 (c) 1999 (d) 1997

X. (a) (b) (c) (d) XI. (a) (b) (c) (d) XII. (a) (b) (c) (d) XIII. (a) (b) (c) (d) XIV. (a) (b) (c) (d) XV. (a) (b) (c) (d) XVI. (a) (b) (c) (d) XVII. (a) (b) (c) (d) XVIII. (a) (b) (c) (d) XIX. (a) (b) (c) (d) XX. (a) (b) (c) (d) XXI. (a) (b) (c) (d) XXII.

(a) (b) (c) (d) XXIII. (a) (b) (c) (d) XXIV. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Q#2: Give short answer of the following questions

I.

Write the names of five phenomena which are governed by physics?

Ans: The phenomena of universe which are governed by physics are as under (a ) Movement of vehicles of breeze

(b ) flying of aero planes

(c ) Blowing

(d ) Production and transformation of sound (e ) Lighting of our rooms II.

Define Physics?

Ans: Physics is the branch of science which deals with the study of properties of matter, energy and their mutual relationship. III.

Define matter

Ans: every thing which has mass and occupies space is called matter. IV.

Define energy?

Ans: The capability of body to do work is called energy. V.

Why we introduce different branches of physics?

Ans: Due to expanding scope and research in Physics, it is important to introduce different branches of physics, so that every one can understand and study it more deeply. VI.

Define Mechanics?

VII.

Define Heat and thermodynamics?

VIII.

Define light?

IX.

Define sound?

X.

Define electromagnetism?

XI.

Define atomic and molecular physics?

XII.

Define Nuclear physics?

XIII.

Define plasma physics?

XIV.

Define solid state physics?

XV. XVI.

Define Astrophysics? Define Geophysics?

XVII. XVIII.

Define Biophysics? How physics facilitates Muslims?

Ans: As a Muslim we can observe the following application of physics in out daily life, we wake up early in the morning when 'AZAN' is called out from nearby mosque on loud speaker, then we open the water tap for ablution and many other religious duties with the different blessings of physics. XIX.

How water reaches to us through a tap?

Ans: Water reaches to us through a tap by following some laws of physics. XX.

How can we draw out water from a well?

Ans: We can draw out water from a well by using a pulley which a blessing of physics. XXI.

How physics involved in drawing water from well and tube well?

Ans: The drawing of water from a well or obtaining it from tube well are governed by the laws of physics. XXII.

Where can we see/observe applications of physics in our school?

Ans: At school we observe the following activities governed by the laws of physics (a )Hosting of flag (b) Playing of National Anthem on tape recorder (c ) ringing of bell (d) lighting of our class rooms XXIII.

What physics do for our entertainment?

Ans: The drama shown on T.V. and programs recorded on VCR, CD, DVD and computer for the sake of entertainment are outcome of research in physics. XXIV.

How physics make this world a global village?

Ans: the computer, telecommunication, aero planes and other fast means of communication and transportation have shortened the distance and make this world a global village. XXV.

How vast is the approach of physics in this universe?

Ans: The vastness of physics could be understood as, even the imagination of a poet cannot reach the immense distance in space which can easily be seen by physics.

XXVI.

How physics help us to understand the nature?

Ans: Physics not only provide us physical comforts through their new inventions and research but also provide the vital evidence required to understand nature. XXVII.

How physics provide us energy for daily us?

Ans: As we know that atom bomb has emerged as a mean for destruction and devastation, but on the other hand it has great source of energy to meet our over increasing energy demands. XXVIII.

How can we meet our energy demands of future by physics?

Ans: If ever a man is able to control the fusion reaction then he would never face the shortage of energy in world forever in future. OR By controlling the fusion reaction, with the help of physics, we can meet our ever increasing energy demands. XXIX.

How physics effect/ broaden the other fields of knowledge?

Ans: Physics has not only made progress in its own field but it has also introduced new avenues of research in other fields of knowledge. XXX.

How physics facilitate biologists?

Ans: By providing the microscope, physics, which plays an important role in the progress of biology, and going a step further the electron microscope unveiled many hidden realities. XXXI.

How physics brought revolutionary changes in diagnostic techniques of medical science?

Ans: The discovery of X-rays, ultrasonic, LASER, E.C.G, E.E.G, Fiber optics and numerous other such tools have brought revolutionary changes in the diagnostic techniques of medical sciences. XXXII.

How physics improve the telecommunication?

Ans: Today living on the earth, we can communicate with the astronauts in space, the games of cricket, hockey or Olympics being played anywhere in the world can be witnessed directly by research in physics.

XXXIII.

Write the names of fields our daily life on which physics has registered its glory?

Ans: Physics has registered its glory on the following fields of our daily life (a) Commerce and industry (b) Trade (c) Agriculture (d) Education (e)

XXXIV.

Define scientific method?

Ans: A specific method used to search for truth is called scientific method. XXXV.

Write different steps of scientific method?

Ans: there are the following steps of scientific method (a)Observation (b) Hypothesis (c) Experiment (d) Theory (e) Prediction (f) Law XXXVI.

Explain the scientific method with the help of a block diagram?

Ans: diagram XXXVII.

Define Observation?

Ans: This is the first step in scientific method make observation of nature processes and to collect the data about them. XXXVIII.

Give an example of observation?

Ans: It's our common observation that shadow of an opaque object is formed when it is placed in the path of light coming from the sun or a lamp, this is observation of nature. XXXIX.

How we develop hypothesis?

Ans: On the basis of the data collected through observations or experimentation, we can develop a hypothesis. XL.

Why we develop a hypothesis?

Ans: Hypothesis is developed in order to test its logical results. XLI.

How many ways of observation?

Ans: Scientific observation can be done either by ordinary observation of natural phenomenon or by obtaining the results from different experiments. XLII.

Define experiment?

Ans: experiment is an organized repeatable process which is used to test the truth of hypothesis. XLIII.

Prove that light travels along a straight line?

Ans: Take three card boards A,B and C each with a hole are place in a straight line, such that the hole in card A is in front of a lamp. When we see through the hole of card C, we can see the light of the lamp. If any of these cards is displaced, we cannot see light through the hole of C. thus this experiment proves that light travels in a straight line. XLIV.

What is the importance of experiment in the scientific method?

Ans: it plays a role like a back bone in scientific method, on the basis of experiment a hypothesis becomes theory, and after the verification theory becomes law. XLV.

Define theory?

Ans: Hypothesis after the successful verification of an assumption and with the help of careful experimentation becomes a theory. XLVI.

What is the importance of theory in scientific method?

Ans: Theory explains the different phenomenon of nature on the basis of similarities and it could be applicable for similar phenomenon. XLVII.

What do you mean by prediction?

Ans: It is step of scientific method between theory and law; it is the pre-guess about the similar phenomenon on the basis of hypothesis and theory, which after verification becomes law. XLVIII.

Define law of scientific method?

Ans: The law is a statement regarding the behavior of nature and can predict about other aspects of nature regarding those observation which have been performed for this. XLIX.

What do you mean by a scientist?

Ans: A scientist by nature is enthusiastic to find the realities of nature. He is always like an admirer of the truth and reality, who has courage to reject any false theory on the basis of his on experimentation. L.

What Islam and Holy Quran say to us about the nature?

Ans: there are hundreds of verses of the holy Quran in which Allah urges the believers that they should study nature and ponder upon it. LI.

What Holy Quran says about the superiority of a scholar?

Ans: In the Surah Al- Zumar in the Holy Quran Allah says “Say (Unto them, O Muhammad, peace be upon him): are the who know equal with those who know not?” (Al- Zumar, verse 9)

LII.

What holy Quran order about the observation of nature to us?

Ans: In Surah Al-Zumar Allah says: “hast thou not seen how Allah hath sent down water from the sky and hath caused it to penetrate the earth as water springs, and afterwards thereby produceth crops of divers hues; and afterward they wither and thou seest them turn yellow; then He maketh them chaff. Lo! Herein verily is a reminder for men of understanding. ” (Al- Zumar, verse 21) LIII.

What is the way of success in this life and hereafter?

Ans: The Holy Quran orders the conquest of nature with the help of the knowledge, along with deep thought, to benefit from it so that Muslims may be successful in this life and the life hereafter. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. LX.

Long Questions Q#3: ? Q#4: ? Q#5: . Q#6: ? Q#7: ?. Q#8: ? Q#9: ?