Next Test(rough)(2)

Test Guide Upcoming Test:Rough HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.197-222 Gouverneur Morris (197)- A powerful speaker and writer. He wrote the final draft of the constitution. Roger Sherman (199)- A person from Connecticut. He suggested what came to be known as the Great Compromise. Federalism (204)- Sharing power between the federal and state governments. One of the distinctive features of the United States government. Legislative Branch (204)- Part of the government. The lawmaking branch. Article I of the constitution established this branch. There were two houses: the upper house and the Lower House. Executive Branch (204)- The branch that carries out the nations laws and policies. It was headed by the president. Article II of the constitution established this branch. Judicial Branch (204)- Court System of the United States. Article III of the constitution established this branch. Checks & Balances (205)- To keep one branch from gaining too much power, the framers built in this system. This system causes the three branches to check and limit each other. This caused no single branch to dominate the government. Enumerated/Delegated Powers (222)- One of the three types of government powers. Included the powers to coin money, regulate trade, maintain armed forces, and create federal courts. These powers only belonged to the federal government. Reserved Powers (222)- One of the three types of government powers. These powers retained by the states. They include such rights as the power to establish schools, pass marriage laws, and regulate trade within the state. Concurrent Powers (222)- One of the three types of government powers. These powers were shared by both the state and the federal government. Among these

powers were the rights to raise taxes, borrow money, and provide the public welfare.

INFLUENCES OF THE CONSTITUTION Roseau

General Will

Baron de Montesquieu

3 branches of government Checks and Balances

Ancient Greece + Rome Magna Carta

Democracy and republicanism- people elect representatives

Ruler’s power should be limited

Articles of Confederation Declaration of Independence English Parliament

People have rights and they should be protected by the government

John Locke

People have natural rights like life and liberty

Jeremy Bentham

Pursuit of happiness

Enlightenmen Laws should be based on knowledge, reason, and science t

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Who was there?

What was their goal? Who wasn’t there?

● 55 delegates met in Independence Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania from May to September of 1787 ● 12/13 states were present (Rhode Island feared a strong central government an did not go) ● George Washington, and was selected as president of the convention ● James Madison. Know as the “father of the Constitution” and took careful notes on everything that was said. ● rewrite or revise the AOC and set up a strong but limited central government

● John Adams and Thomas Jefferson was serving as an ambassador in Europe ● Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and John Hancock also feared a strong ventral government and did not attend About ● average age of delegates was 42 ● oldest age was Ben Franklin at age 82 the People, ● 2/3 were lawyers Please ● 1/3 owned slaves ● 1/3 were veterans ? ● no African Americans, woman, or native Americans ● WELL: -bred (come from a good family) -fed (rich) -read (smart) -wed (married into good families) ● secrecy was VERY important among them

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION RESPONSE Question: Why do we need to know about the background of the people who met in the Constitutional Convention? It’s very important to know about the background of the people because it shows what our constitution was based on. The backgrounds of all the people are also important to know because we need to know who really were the people that

created the rules and standards for our constitution. If we knew that the people who all met at the constitutional convention had a Chinese background, our lifestyle today would be very different. We also need to know about the people, because if we didn’t, we wouldn’t know that woman’s inputs weren’t accepted in the constitution. And finally, we need to know who was really committed to the constitution and who took what part in its creation.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS FOR COMPROMISIS OF THE CONSTITUTION (3 GREEN PAPERS) Critical Thinking Question A (back side) Virginia Plan=Big State Plan New Jersey= Small State Plan Combined both plans to create:

Created a bicameral legislature

2

House

people who make laws

Congress Upper house Equ al representation 2 senates per state Senate

House of Representatives

lower house representation based on population 435 representatives

Critical Thinking Question B (back side)

Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person for both representation and taxation.

Critical Thinking Question C (back side)

Congress could regulate interstate trade, but could not regulate slave trade for 20

Between the states years (1808). Runaway slaves were considered property and must be retuned to their owners.

QUESTIONS ON WHAT WE’VE LEARNED DO FAR 1. What is legislative Branch? What dose it do? The branch that makes laws for the federal government 2. Describe the 3/5 compromise Where a slave was counted as 3/5 of a person. Northerners wanted slaves for tax but not representation, but southerners wanted them for representation but not tax. 3. What is federalism? Powers shared by the federal and state governments

What they share 4. What types of people wrote our constitution? Well fed (rich) Well bred (come from a good family) Well read (smart) Well wed (married into good families) 5. What are delegated powers? Coin money, declare war, make treaties

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.206-209 Ratify (206)- To approve of something. Before the constitution could go into effect, 9/12 states needed to ratify it. State legislators set up special ratifying conventions to consider the document. Federalists (206)- Supporters of the new constitution. Three of the nation’s most gifted political thinkers were federalists: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. These people backed up the ideas of the new constitution and defended it. John Jay (206)- A federalist. He was one of the nation’s most gifted political thinkers. He backed up the constitution defended it. Antifederalists (206)- Those who opposed ratification. These people criticized the constitution. They forced the government to create a Bill of Rights to protect the people’s rights.

Mercy Otis Warren (206)- A Massachusetts opponent of the constitution. She expressed the problem faced by many antifederalists. She admitted the need for a strong government but feared it.

Questions on page 208-209 (#1-3) What group was opposed to ratification of the constitution? Who argued that the constitution could be changed if problems arose? What was Hamilton’s major argument in The federalist, no.70?

The antifederalists

The federalists??

Argued against the idea of a president with limited or few powers

CONSTITUTION SCAVENGER HUNT Article I – Legislative Branch Article II – Executive Branch Article III – Judicial Branch

Location

Questi on Numb er

Article II, Sec. 1, #5 Article II, Sec. 2, #1 Article III, Sec. 2, #1

15

The president must be at least 35 years of age

20

The commander-in-chief of military forces is president The Judicial Branch has the power to review all the laws and treaties of the U.S

22

Answer

Article I, Sec 1

10

The Congress has all the legislative powers

Article I, Sec. 2, #5 Article II, Sec. 2, #2

4

The House of Representative has the sole power of impeachment The senate approves the people that the president appoints to government

7