Nanomaterials For Solar Energy
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Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Bruce Parkinson
Department of Chemistry and School of Energy Resources University of Wyoming
Why Nano? •High purity not needed •L ong carrier lifetimes not needed •Low cost •Scalable •Defect tolerant •Flexible – size can tune properties • •
75 % of current energy use is in carbon based fuels ( stored energy ). A method to store intermittent solar energy as fuel is needed . Hydrogen is the most sustainable energy carrier if derived from sunlight and water.
A Future Distributed Power Grid House Replace two
expensive components with one inexpensive system
We will have to go to a hydrogen economy sooner or later - so why not sooner?
What solar photoelectrolysis might look like. (A two photon p-n system)
ensive nanoparticle or nanostructured film(s) to absorb sunlig
The Problem
Inexpensive , efficient and stable materials that can directly accomplish the photoelectrolysis of water are not yet known ( many millions of possibilities ). Oxide Semiconductors Most Stable > 60 elemental metal oxides (most have been investigated already) For ternary > 200,000 (1:1:1) For quaternary > 10,000,000 Extraordinary properties may require many elements •High Tc oxides are multicomponent - HgBa2CaCu2O6+ δ Hg0.8 Tl0.2 Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.33
The Solution
Devise a method to quickly produce and screen materials for their photoelectrolysis activity . Ink jet print metal oxide precursors ( nitrate salts ) on to conductive glass substrates at fire at 500 ° C to produce libraries of metal oxide compositions .
Printing Scheme
Laser scanned photocurrent map
The SHArK Project S olar H ydrogen
A ctivity r esearch Develop an inexpensive K it and simple method so many students can produce and screen materials combinations .
The SHArK Project •Inexpensive kits developed . •Uses Lego® Mindstorms , laser pointers , ink jet printers , USB powered electronics , software … •About 20 kits distributed to mostly undergraduate schools but some high schools . •Web site set up for interaction and collecting results ( www . thesharkproject . org ). The UW SHArK Team : Jennifer Schuttlefield , Craig Markum , Tamara Sibray Robert Herrick ( CSU )
Our Approach
Use ink jet printers to produce electrodes containing many combinations of materials . Off - the - shelf inexpensive ink jet printer .
Modify CD tray for printing on glass
Movie of the Lego® laser scanner.
USB powered electronics Electrochemical cell
532 nm laser pointer
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Earth Abundant PV Shannon Riha, Amy Prieto
QD Sensitization of TiO 2 Crystals
Justin SamburAnatase
( 001 )
Superconducting Nanostructures MgB 2
800°C
MgBr2 + 2NaBH4 N 800°C MgB2 + 2NaBr + 4H2 + B22H66 22 +
Manashi Nath
Department of Chemistry and School of Energy Resources University of Wyoming
Why Nano? •High purity not needed •L ong carrier lifetimes not needed •Low cost •Scalable •Defect tolerant •Flexible – size can tune properties • •
75 % of current energy use is in carbon based fuels ( stored energy ). A method to store intermittent solar energy as fuel is needed . Hydrogen is the most sustainable energy carrier if derived from sunlight and water.
A Future Distributed Power Grid House Replace two
expensive components with one inexpensive system
We will have to go to a hydrogen economy sooner or later - so why not sooner?
What solar photoelectrolysis might look like. (A two photon p-n system)
ensive nanoparticle or nanostructured film(s) to absorb sunlig
The Problem
Inexpensive , efficient and stable materials that can directly accomplish the photoelectrolysis of water are not yet known ( many millions of possibilities ). Oxide Semiconductors Most Stable > 60 elemental metal oxides (most have been investigated already) For ternary > 200,000 (1:1:1) For quaternary > 10,000,000 Extraordinary properties may require many elements •High Tc oxides are multicomponent - HgBa2CaCu2O6+ δ Hg0.8 Tl0.2 Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.33
The Solution
Devise a method to quickly produce and screen materials for their photoelectrolysis activity . Ink jet print metal oxide precursors ( nitrate salts ) on to conductive glass substrates at fire at 500 ° C to produce libraries of metal oxide compositions .
Printing Scheme
Laser scanned photocurrent map
The SHArK Project S olar H ydrogen
A ctivity r esearch Develop an inexpensive K it and simple method so many students can produce and screen materials combinations .
The SHArK Project •Inexpensive kits developed . •Uses Lego® Mindstorms , laser pointers , ink jet printers , USB powered electronics , software … •About 20 kits distributed to mostly undergraduate schools but some high schools . •Web site set up for interaction and collecting results ( www . thesharkproject . org ). The UW SHArK Team : Jennifer Schuttlefield , Craig Markum , Tamara Sibray Robert Herrick ( CSU )
Our Approach
Use ink jet printers to produce electrodes containing many combinations of materials . Off - the - shelf inexpensive ink jet printer .
Modify CD tray for printing on glass
Movie of the Lego® laser scanner.
USB powered electronics Electrochemical cell
532 nm laser pointer
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Earth Abundant PV Shannon Riha, Amy Prieto
QD Sensitization of TiO 2 Crystals
Justin SamburAnatase
( 001 )
Superconducting Nanostructures MgB 2
800°C
MgBr2 + 2NaBH4 N 800°C MgB2 + 2NaBr + 4H2 + B22H66 22 +
Manashi Nath
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