Mr. Buenning Semester 2 Review Packet Partial

Columbian exchange Results: Immediate: Spanish defeat Aztec & Incan empires, millions of Native Americans die from European diseases, enslaved Africans sent to Americans, American foods (corn & potatoes) introduced to Europe Long-term: Spread of items, inc. horses, corn, potatoes, sugar, around the world, population growth in Europe, African, and Asia; exchange of ideas, technology, arts, language between Europe and Americas, population migration from Europe to Americas, growth of capitalism Primary reason for Europe’s eventual rise to world dominance Economic revolution, the creation of colonies, which allowed mercantilism: a country sought to export more than it imported to build its supply of gold and silver  created a favorable balance of trade Modernization in Japan 1. Japan had no choice but to let the powerful ships in and accept Commodore Perry’s letter from President Fillmore. With the threat of more ships arriving, the Japanese agreed to the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened 2 ports for the US. This ended Japan’s isolation from the rest of the world. 2. Modernization: adapted the best of European ways in gov’t, school, military; industrialized 3. Universal public education and mandatory attendance 4. Causes: Russia and Japan were the 2 major world powers, and both wanted Manchuria. Russia refused to sign a treaty that would give Manchuria to Russia if they left Korea alone. The Japanese launched a surprise attack Results: Japan drove Russia out of Korea and had a major military victory over Russia. Japan gained control of Manchuria, and Russia had to withdraw from Manchuria and Korea. The West gained a new perspective on Asia, as they thought Russia (European) was superior. 5. Shut down Korean newspapers, took over schools and replaced Korean subjects with Japanese ones, took land away from Korean farmers and gave them to Japanese, forbade Koreans from starting businesses, helped create strong Korean nationalist movement Chapter 29: The Great War 1. Define, ID o Powder keg of Europe: Balkan Peninsula, long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes o Stalemate: deadlock o Propaganda: one-sided information designed to persuade o Total war: a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort o Belligerent: o Defensive war: o Reparations: o League of Nations: an international association founded after WWI whose goal would be to keep peace among nations 2. Fundamental, long-range causes of war, specific example of each o Nationalism: intense competition among nations  o Imperialism o Militarism o Alliances 3. Immediate cause of war: Serbian assassin murdered Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Sarajevo, Austria refused to negotiate, Austria declared war on Serbia 4. total war: governments dedicated to war, told factories what to produce, everyone put to work; Rationing of food; suppressed anti-war activities, used propaganda; women were put to work, changed people’s opinions 5. Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare on ships near Britain, sank the Lusitania, which had 128 Americans, U-boats sank 3 American ships, Zimmerman telegram: Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” land, Americans felt bond with British and had economic ties with Allies

6. 7. 8. 9.

Tipped balance in Allies favor?!? Devastating, drained treasuries of European countries, destroyed land, $338B Germany … Treaty of Versailles o Provisions: League of Nations, Germany surrenders territories to France and overseas colonies, restricted Germany’s military, and Germany was solely responsible, had to pay allies reparations o Many American objected to the settlement and the League of Nations, Americans wanted to stay out of European affairs 10. Test Chapter 11, 21: Russia 700-1796 The Slavic people of the land which became known as Russia were initially influenced by these 2 peoples: Vikings (north) and Greek (south). Later, Russian was ruled by Mongolia. Around 1500, prices from the citystate of Moscow, who had grown rich serving their __ masters, led Russia in ending this domination by outsiders. These princes took on a new official title – czar and became absolute monarchs.