Monkeys .docx

Rhesus Monkey http://www.supersockmonkey.com/catalog/monkeysoftheworld.html http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-monkey.html

The Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta), often called the Rhesus Monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys. It is a typical macaque, common throughout Afghanistan to northern India and southern China. Rhesus Macaques are sexually dimorphic. Adult male Rhesus Macaques measure approximately 53 centimeters on average and weigh an average of 7.7 kilograms. Females are smaller, averaging 47 centimeters in length and 5.3 kilograms in weight. They are brown or grey in color and have pink faces which are typically bereft of fur. Their tails are of medium length and average between 20.7 and 22.9 centimeters. They typically have a lifespan of about 25 years. Chimpanzees live in Africa in family groups and can live up to 50 years An Orangutans life span is about 40-50 years.

Scientific Name: Macca mulatta Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Body Temp.: 101 degrees F Water Consumption: 400- 900 ml Respiration Rate: 30 - 50 BPM Weight:  Adult Male 6 - 11 kg  Adult Female 6 - 11 kg  Newborn 550 g Gestation period: 150 - 175 days Avg. Litter size: 1 Age at weaning: 12 - 27 months Recommended Temperature 64.4-84.2 degrees F(18-29 degrees C) Relative Humidity: 30-70% Photo Period (light/dark): 12/12 Food Consumption: 400 - 600 g Sexual Maturity:  Male 4 - 5 years  Female 4 - 5 years Estrus Cycle: 28 days

Life Span: 20 - 30 years Breeding Life:  Male 15 years  Female 15 years * Housing Requirements: floor area/animal = 4.3 - 6 sq. ft., must have provision for environmental enrichment

Problem areas & diseases: diarrhea (Salmonella, Shigella, Giardia, Entamoeba), respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, herpes virus B, measles Other: needs vitamin C, cheek pouches, sex skin

Animal Name Baboon

Scientific Name:  Papio cyncephalus (yellow)  Papio anubis (olive) Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Body Temp.: 36 - 39 degrees C Water Consumption: ad lib Respiration Rate: 29 BPM Weight:  Adult Male 22 - 30 kg  Adult Female 11 - 15 kg  Newborn 870 - 945 g Gestation period: 184 days Avg. Litter size: 1 Age at weaning: 5 - 6 mo. Recommended Temperature: 64.4-84.2 degrees F (18-29 degrees C) Relative Humidity: 30 - 70% Photo Period (light/dark): 12/12 Identification Methods: Tattoo - chest or thigh Food Consumption: Sexual Maturity: Male 7 -15 years Female 7- 15 years Estrus Cycle: 35.4 + 0.9 days Life Span: Breeding Life:  Male  Female Anesthesia Methods: ketamine, methoxyflurane, halothane Euthanasia Methods: OD sodium pentobarbital Problem areas & disease : TB, protozoan parasites, bacterial enteritis, pneumonia Other: Male twice as large as female

Animal Name Squirrel Monkey Scientific Name: Saimiri sciureus Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Body Temp.: 39.6 degrees F Water Consumption: 50-100 mg daily Respiration Rate: 55 + 11 BPM Food Consumption: 45 - 60 g Weight:  Adult Male 750- 900 g  Adult Female 500- 800 g  Newborn 110 g Estrus Cycle: 7 - 13 days Sexual Maturity:  Male 2 - 4 years  Female 1.5 - 2 years Gestation period: 150 days avg. (137 - 175) Life Span: 15 - 20 years Avg. Litter size: 1 Breeding Life:  Male 8 - 10 years  Female 8 - 12 years Age at weaning: 4 - 6 months Recommended Temperature: 64.4-84.2 degrees F (18-29 degrees C) Identification Methods: Tattoo - chest or inside of thigh Relative Humidity: 30 - 70% Photo Period (light/dark): 12/12 * Housing Requirements: 3 sq. ft., environmental enrichment Bleeding Methods: Veins: femoral or jugular Anesthesia Methods: ketamine, pentobarbital, methoxyflurane, halothane Euthanaia Methods: OD sodium pentobarbital Problem areas & diseases: Dental disease, endoparasites, pneumonia, TB, diarrhea Other: Vitamin D3 required, prehensile tail (long), nostrils open to front or sides

Primates are highly intelligent mammals with excellent eyesight and climbing skills. There large brains make them quick learners and arguably the most intelligent members of the animal kingdom. Almost all primates are tree-dwelling with grasping hands and feet that are excellent for climbing. Although prosimians, monkeys and apes cannot talk

like humans, they do communicate using facial expressions, gestures, markings, scents and sound to convey a wide range of information. There are over 233 species of primates, which are divided into three groups: monkeys, apes, and prosimians (premonkeys). Monkeys are split into two groups, New World Monkeys and Old World Monkeys. The new world Monkeys live in the Americas and the Old World Monkeys live in Africa and Asia. Apes are divided into lesser apes and greater apes. They reside in the Old World. Prosimians an ancient line of primates, some unchanged for 70 million years, reside in the Old World. Below is a list that represents a portion of each primate species. Monkeys

Apes

Prosimians

New World Monkeys

Lesser Apes

Prosimians

Gibbon

Lemur

Tamarin

Greater Apes

Aye-aye

Capuchin

Orangutan

Squirrel Monkey

Chimpanzee

Howler

Gorilla

Marmoset

Loris Bushbaby Tarsier

Spider Monkey Old World Monkeys Baboon Mandrill Guenon Colobus

New World Monkeys live in South Mexico to central South America. These monkeys are tree-dwelling with the majority having prehensile tails that can grasp tree limbs and help them climb. Prehensile tails are strong with sensitive tips and work like an extra hand. Monkeys live in groups that travel about in search of food. New World Monkeys diets include Fruits, Nuts, insects, lizards and small birds. Old World Monkeys live in Asia and Africa. Most Old World Monkeys live in trees with only a few being ground dwellers. They have a wide variety of diets and lifestyles. Many having check pouches for holding food. Old World Monkeys are sometimes called true monkeys being more closely related to apes and humans than the New World Monkeys. Prosimians are primitive primates with smaller brains and bones that resemble the first primates to evolve. They live in Asia and Africa. They are well adapted to the ecological

niches they live in. Apes are found in Asia and Africa. The Gibbon, a lesser ape, and the Orangutan, a great ape, live in Asia. The Gorilla and Chimpanzee, both great apes, live in Africa. Apes vary in size from the 3-ft, 15-lb gibbon to the 6-ft, 450-lb gorilla. All apes are forest dwellers and most spend some time in the trees. The gorilla and chimpanzee are the most terrestrial walking on all fours by leaning on their knuckles. They can walk on two feet for a short time. The skeleton of an ape is very similar to a human. Their hands are like ours except with longer thumbs. Apes are highly intelligent with the ability to use tools, solve complex problems, pass on information from one generation to another and even learn a language. 98% of the genetic material (DNA) of chimpanzees and humans is identical. Orangutans are tree-dwellers and live in the rain forests of Borneo and Sumatra. Their name means "person of the forest". Orangs are solitary, shy animals that spend most of their time alone in the trees looking for ripe fruit trees. When they find a good food source they do not announce it. They sit on their own until they have had their fill. An adult male weighs about 150-lbs. This gentle red ape is the largest mammal living in the trees. Orangs build nests in the treetops to sleep in. An Orangutans life span is about 40-50 years. They reach puberty at 8 years, but a female is not ready to have a baby until she is in her teens. The Orang has the longest childhood dependence on the mother of any animal in the world. Female orangutans only give birth every 8 years. The babies nurse until they are 6 and may not leave the mother until they are teens. ORANGUTANS ARE ONE OF THE MOST CRITICALLY ENDANGERED OF THE GREAT APES, DUE TO POACHING AND HABITAT LOSS. Gorillas live in Africa and are the largest primates. A full grown male can weigh up to 600-lbs. These gentle vegetarians spend most of their days eating. Gorillas eat fruit, leaves, roots and stems of plants. They live in groups of up to 30 individuals with one leader. The silverback, a mature male with silvery hair down his back. They live about 35 years in the wild. Females bear young about every four years. Gorillas rarely fight preferring to use intimidation to scare off intruders. THE MOUNTAIN GORILLA IS THE MOST ENDANGERED OF ALL THE APES WITH ITS NUMBERS ONLY IN THE HUNDREDS. THIS GENTLE GIANT IS CLOSE TO EXTINCTION. Chimpanzees live in Africa in family groups and can live up to 50 years. Full grown chimps can reach 5 ft tall and weigh up to 150-lbs. They have an arm span of up to 9 feet and are much stronger than humans. Chimps are omnivores; they eat fruit, nuts, leaves eggs, bark, insects, birds and other small animals. Chimps are incredible smart and live in a complex society, where they have developed complex tool use and the ability to adapt to both forest and savanna regions. They work together to hunt other animals and have been known to even wage war on their own kind. Chimpanzee society has a constantly changing hierarchy. Chimps are very vocal and excitable with different personalities and emotions. Mothers give birth every 3-8 years. The babies ride around on their mothers back. LOSS OF HABIT IS THE SINGLE GREATEST THREAT TO NON-HUMAN PRIMATES.

Monkey Monkeys

Crab-eating Macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum:

Chordata

Class:

Mammalia

Order:

Primates

Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Simiiformes in part

Approximate worldwide distribution of monkeys.

Families Cebidae Aotidae Pitheciidae Atelidae Cercopithecidae

A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys, two of the three groupings of simian primates, the third group being the apes. The New World monkeys are classified within the parvorder Platyrrhini, whereas the Old World monkeys (superfamily Cercopithecoidea) form part of the parvorder Catarrhini, which also includes the apes. Thus, scientifically speaking, monkeys do not form a "natural group", in that the Old World monkeys are actually more closely related to the apes than they are to the New World species. There are 264 known extant species of monkey. Because of their similarity to monkeys, apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons are often called monkeys in informal usage, though they are not monkeys. Conversely, due to its size (up to 1 m) the Mandrill is often thought to be an ape, but it is actually an Old World monkey. Also, a few monkey species have the word "ape" in their common name. Because they are not a single coherent group, monkeys do not have any particular traits that they all share and are not shared with the remaining group of simians, the apes.