Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis And Pathology Of Mumps Virus

Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus

Intruduction  Before routine mumps vaccination programmes were

introduced, 95% of adults had serological markers of exposure, with peak acquisition during childhood  Caused by Paramyxovirus family usually Called Mumps Virus (Muv)  Have many clinical features like parotitis, Orchitis, Mastitits, Oophorithis  Lead Cases of Enchepalithis in America

Method  Depend on Hipocrates Theories

 With Prostulach Koch, tested with monkey  By RT-PCR Test  Clinical found in child, that had MuV without symtopm in

their upper respiratory tract

Discuss : The Virus

 ParamyxoVirus  Enveloped  size range 100–600 nm  RNA

 Proteins :nucleo- (N), V/P/I (V/phospho-/I proteins),

matrix (M), fusion (F), small hydrophobic (SH), haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large (L) proteins.

Discuss : The Disease

Clinical features – pre vaccine era  Targetting Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium

 Systemic spread: from epitheliotropic to lymphotropic

After affect by it fuctional protein its spread by lymph node, An blood, as outcomes : - Parotithis : as submandibular, sub maxilar, and sublingual gland. Virus replicated in Parotid too, as a result the virus found in the saliva. - Orchitis : Affect the Testes - Mastitis and oophoritis : Affect Mammary duct and Ovarium  Lymphotropic to neutropenic In 5 – 10% cases as results : enchepalitis and meningitis

Conclusion A number of important questions remain unresolved regarding MuV pathogenesis. This is of particular relevance to renewed efforts towards development of a more effiacious MuV vaccine, in light of the resurgence of mumps in vaccinated populations. The classic method of virus attenuation is extensive blind passage in vitro. While this often leads to the desired effect of a loss of virulence and reactogenicity, it can also lead to loss of immunogenicity and effiacy. Clearly, a more rational approach to virus attenuation is needed, and understanding the natural pathogenesis of the infectious agent is a prerequisite to any such endeavour

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the NIH R01 AI105063 to WPD and by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Food and Drug Administration. We wish to thank Christian Sauder and Laurie Ngo (FDA, Silver Spring, MD) for critical reading of the manuscript, and Jan Johannessen (FDA, Silver Spring, MD) for providing the MRI rat brain images. We dedicate this work to the memory of the late Dr Philip Snoy, DVM, Director, CBER Veterinary Services, respected scientist, admired leader and treasured friend, who laid much of the groundwork towards development of improved preclinical MuV neurotoxicity tests.

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