Moinak's Presentation_meter Dose Drug Delivery Device.

SILIGURI INSTITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NAME:- MOINAK DEY 3RD YEAR 5TH SEMESTER DEPT:-BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING TEACHER:- SUJAN K SAMANTA

TOPIC OF SEMINAR

“METER DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE”

INTRODUCTION DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE(DDD): These are the devices which are used to delivery various types of drugs into the human body.This devices are used to deliver the drugs in form of injection,injestion,absorption.This devices showed a new path to the Bio-Medical field.

METER DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE(MDD): They are pressurized,hand-held devices that use propellents to deliver doses of medications to the lungs of a patient.These delivey devices are critically important to public health and are used to administer various medications for a range of medical conditions.MDDs plays a significant role in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).MDDs are primary DDDs used world-wide for asthma and COPD.

TYPES OF METER DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES Different types of devices are used to deliver inhaled medications into the lung:i)INHALERS: Inhalers are small pocket-sized containers that enable us to inhale the madications inform of powder or spray. There are two types of inhalers:A)Meter-dose(sometimes used with spacers). B)Dry powder.

TYPES OF METER-DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE(CONTD…) A)Meter-dose Inhalers: In the recent days doctors are recommending mostly meter-dose inhalers for asthma patients. This consists of:A metal canister inside a plastic dispenser.Canister holds the spray and when pressed & released it delivers required amount of medications. One should use the device in a proper manner to deliver the drug in a proper way into the target.

Medication is stored under pressure in the canister and released in fixed volumes from the dosing chamber following actuation.

TYPES OF METER-DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE(CONTD…) Spacers: These are useful for making meter-dose inhaler (MDIs) for easier & effective.A specier is a hollow chamber that fits into the mouth-piece of the meter dose inhaler. This device is useful to prevent any urgency.The drug released stays for sometime in chamber then can be breathed.

AeroChamber, (B) AeroChamber with mask, and (C) InspirEase. se devices can facilitate the use of metered dose inhalers decrease the amount of drug deposited on the upper airway.

To maximize drug delivery, a spacer should be employed by all patients. Infants and young children should use spacer with a facemask (as shown above),low dead space, and a low resistance valve.

Courtesy of Richard Scarfone, MD, FAAP.

TYPES OF METER-DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE(CONTD…) B)Dry Powder Inhalers: This device instead of generating a pressurized spray,releases a fine,micronized powder as inhaled. In Dry powder is easier to use than MDIs because,coordination between breathing and device is not required in dry powder inhalers(DPIs). Available DPIs includes:Diskus,Flexhaler,Handinhaler, With these devices, the patient inhales the medication in the form of a fine powder Diskhaler and Aerolizer. rather than an aerosol. (A) Aerolizer, (B) Flexhaler, (C) Diskus, (D) Diskhaler, (E) HandiHaler. Courtesy of Dean Hess, RRT, PhD.

TYPES OF METER-DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE(CONTD…) Nebulizer: It delivers a steady aerosol mist of medicine through a face mask or mouth-piece,allowing to breathe normally during an ongoing treatment. This device consists of a chamber containing drug(liquid) and compressor pump. Traditionally operated nebulizers are recently replaced by ultra-sonic nebulizers,which are battery operated & expensive. Advantage:Plenty of medicines is delivered. Disadvantage:Lack of convenience(i.e. Difficult to carry).

METERED DOSE INHALER CANISTER AUTO TESTER The MDI Autotester system tests MDI aerosol canister for drug delivery to the lungs using a shaker more alike with that of human shaking motions than any system developed previously.The system picks MDI canisters from two racks and services two shaking arms using predefined shaking patterns(so keeping all testing the same & reducing the error found due to different operators testing the canisters).Each canister is weighed,fired & analysed multiple times to generate accurate data of how each canister performs over its lifetime.Batch testing of the canister indicates the accuracy of drug dispensing & variations between batches & valves.

METERED DOSE INHALER CANISTER AUTO TESTER

PELLET SYSTEM INVENTION: The present invention resolves the problems previously outlined and provides a greatly improved parasiticidal pellet system which delivers separate doses of both immediate and long term control of parasite infestation in an animal as part of a single implant procedure wherein the immediate dose is sufficient to kill pests already present in the animal and the long term dose is sufficient to prevent reinfestation.

PELLET SYSTEM(CONTD…) OBJECTIVES AND ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM: i)Providing multicomponent parasiticidal pallet system. ii)Providing a pellet system for immediate as well as sustained delivery of a parasiticide in order to kill doth internally and externally present within the animal which may reinfest the animal in future. iii)Providing such a system and method which permits injection of predetermined doses of each of a parasiticide for immediate release and a parasiticide for extended release in a single injection. iv)Providing such a system and a method which permits subcutaneous injection of both an immediate release parasiticidal dose and an extended release parasiticidal dose.

PELLET SYSTEM(CONTD…) v)Providing such a system and a method which permits an operator to selectively inject an extended release parasiticical dose into the needle. vi)Providing such a system and method which permits serial injection of large no. of animals in single session. vii)Providing such a system and method which is simple,efficient and economical to manufacture,which prevent reinfestation for a longer period (upto 150 days).

IMPLANTABLE METERED DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES An implantable metered dose drug delivery system is disclosed which comprises implantable components including an injection site,reservoir,metering valve and delivery catheter,all of which are interconnected through suitable tubing.The metering valve has a domed body constructed of a resilient elastomeric material with a fluid-flow passageway extending therethrough and opening into a chamber within the domed body.A valve is positioned within an outlet leading from the chamber,which valve is opened by exerting an external pressure on the domed body to first collapse and occlude the fluid-flow passage way and the open the valve to permit medication within the chamber to flow through the outlet.When external pressure is released,the fluid flow passway opens and the reduced pressure in the chamber draws additional fluid through the passageway to the chamber.

NECESSITY OF METERED DOSE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE Transporting drugs to specific and appropriate tissues of the body is not a trivial issue and can be more important than the benefits of the drug itself. Characteristics of the target tissues and of the drug-chemistry must be considered before a treatment can be effective. Delivery issues are largely linked with the drugs stability,mechanisms for metabolism of each drug, the tolerance and reaction of the body to the drug and the permeability of the target tissue. Currently, drug delivery techniques focus on moving drugs past our body’s barriers and into the blood stream,where it will be supplied to organs and tissues. This is done by ingestion,inhalation,absorption and injection. In the year 1990’s Applied Physics Laboratory(APL) invented a type Of DDD which can overcome the obstacles and cross the various barriers to supply drugs to various organs and tissues which were used to be obstructed earlier and thus proved to be an effective device.

CONCLUSION This metered dose drug delivery devices proved to be a boon the mankind and obviously to the recent the medical science treatment. The functions which were not done by the normal dug delivery devices the metered dose drug delivery devices made the way,thus fading new horizon on the Bio-Medical field,and leading to its development. The patients could find themselves more and more relaxed and less tension with the invention of this metered dose drug delivery devices.

REFERENCE  www.google.com  www.labman.co.uk/Robot_MDIT.html

www.acaai.org/public/  www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html  http://www.arap.org/docs/MDI907_Final.pdf.  www.clementclarke.com/.../index.html 