Mg Mon Aung

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

(1)

qJAif;Zlvdkifac:wJh Zlvdkifv(7)&ufqdkwm vlrsm;rsm;Mum;zl;Muygw,f/ 1988 ckESpf rqvta&;ay: nDvmcHrSm Adkvfae0if;u eef;qif;rdefUcGef;rSm xnfhajymvdkufawmh ydkvlodrsm;vmwmyg/ “vlxkMum;rSmuRefawmfpum;ajymwm 'g[m aemufqHk;tBudrjf zpfrSmrdkU uRefawmfhtay: xifvJaG ewJh ausmif;om;or*¾BuD; NzdKwJhudpövnf; xnfhajymygr,f/” olUtqdkt&awmh(7)&ufaeY ausmif;om;awGudktrsm;tjym;ypfowfcJhwma&m (8) &ufaeY eHeuf or*¾BuD;NzdKcJw h ma&m olUwm0efr[kwyf gbl;wJ?h olw&m;cHr[kwf ygbl; vdYk ajzmifu h , G f uG,o f mG ;cJw h myg/ 'gudMk unf&h if 'DjypfrIBuD;[m b,folurS ½kdufrppf&yJ (26)ESpfMumwJhtcgrvHkwJhtdk;? wkwfrdk;½kHeJU tmwJhoabmyg/ olwdkYbmom rvHkygbl;/ tcktxd w&m;cH usaemf r[kwfygbl;vdkY Adkvfae0if;eJY AdkvfatmifBuD;wdkY uawmh ajAmifjiif;aeMuwkef; ygbJ/ aowJholvnf; aoukefNyD/ trSefqdkwm waeYawmh ay:rSmyg/ rMumygbl;/ 'gayrJh ESpaf wG MumcJNh yDqakd wmh 'DaeYBuD;udk BuHKczhJ ;l wJo h al wGawmif enf;vmNyDaygh/ 'Denf;wJh ta&twGux f rJ mS usaemfvnf; ygygw,f/ wcsKd U[mawGvnf; rSwrf ad o;w,f/ wcsKd Uvnf; rrSwrf ad wmhb;l / wcsKd Uudak wmh aemufct H aMumif; awGyg ydo k v d mwmrsdK; pOf;pm;qifjcifrNd yD; ydo k abmaygufvmwmrsdK;awG &Sv d mygw,f/ bmyJajymajym usaemfvnf; i,fawmhwm r[kwv f Ykd ud, k Bf uHKc&hJ oavmuf a&;xm;wm aumif;r,fxifwmaMumifh wwfEikd o f avmuf BudK;pm;tm;xkwf vdu k yf gw,f/ usaemf q,fwef;atmifNyD; wuúodkvfa&mufwm 1952 ckESpfyg/ 1958 ckESpfrSm bGJU&wmqdkawmh &efukef wuúodkvfrSm ajcmufESpfqufwdkufaecJhygw,f/ 1953 ckESpf or*¾a½G;aumufyGJrSm DSOawG rJcdk;vdkY rJyHk;BuD; cGJypfcJhwmrSmvnf; ygcJhzl;ygw,f/ atmufwdkbmausmif; wvydwfa&; wdkufyGJrSm 'dk;ywfrif;om; vkyfcJhzl;w,f/ wuúodkvfrSm toif;tzGJUtrsdK;rsdK;½SdcJh&mrSmvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm; 0ifvkyfcJhzl; ygw,f/ c½kdiftoif;rSm OuúXeJY twGif;a&;rSL; vkyfcJhovdk ausmif;aqmifpmzwfoif;rSmvnf; OuúXeJY twGif;a&;rSL; wm0eftjyif wjcm; trIaqmif &mxl;awG ,lcJhzl;ygw,f/ RUSU ½lql;vdkY ac:wJh wuo &JU trSkaqmiftzGJUrSm rygcJhayrJh trIaqmifawGeJY twlwl tm;BudK;rmefwufvyk cf v hJ Ukd wuoeJU xJx0J if0if&cdS yhJ gw,f/ wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ wuo&JU ausmaxmuf aemufcHtzGJUjzpfwJh ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD; (SUF)&JU aumifpD0ifwOD;vnf; jzpfcJhygw,f/ 1958 ckESpfrSmbGJU&vdkU ausmif;xGufNyD; rdbeJY tdk;ruGmtdrfruGm ZmwdNrdKUrSmyJ txufwef;jyq&mvkyfcJh ygw,f/ ud, k ahf e&yfuvnf; &efuek ef YJ odyrf a0;wmu wpfaMumif; ausmif;q&m tvkyq f akd wmh ausmif;ydw&f ufrsm; wmuvnf; wpfaMumif;aMumifh wuúodkvfeJY tqufjywfvSw,f r&Sdygbl;/ ausmif;tvkyfjyvdkYyJjzpfjzpf? wpfckck taMumif;½SmvdUk yJjzpfjzpf? &efuek u f kd wv wBudraf vmufawmh tenf;qH;k a&muf wwfygw,f/ a&mufwt hJ cgwdik ;f vnf; wuúov kd x f rJ mS yJ pwnf;csNyD; or*¾vufbuf&nfqikd f xdik rf w d mygyJ/ ud, k u f wdu k v f u kd f olrsm;uwdu k w f m aomufvu kd f qdkawmh ,leD,HuvlawGeJY b,ftqufjywfyghrvJ/ wcsdKUuqdk ausmif;xGufoGm;NyD vdkUawmif rxifMuyg/ 1962ckEpS u f sawmh ausmif;q&mvky&f wm ½kww f &uf raysmfyu kd jf zpfvmvdUk bDt;D 'DwufciG hf avQmufvu kd f ygw,f/ tvG,fwulyJ wufcGifh&cJhvdkU bDtD;'Djyefwufawmh usaemfwdkUawGudk waumif;aqmif? jynfaqmifeJU yk*H

or*¾ pmpOf 1

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

1

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

aqmifawGrmS 'kw, d ESpaf usmif;om; awGeUJ a&mxm;ygw,f/ wuúov kd u f xGuo f mG ;wm av;ESpyf ½J adS o;awmh wuúov kd f e,fajru enf;enf;av;rS usaemfeJY pdrf;raeyg/ 'Dav;ESpftwGif; cPcPa&mufaeawmhvnf; tJ'DESpfawGu vlopfawGeJYvnf; odaewmygyJ/ vla[mif;awGuvnf; AaqGav;u wuo&JU OuúXvSa½TwdkU xGef;MunfwdkUu trIaqmifawG? udkbaumif;eJY udkcifatmifBuD;wdkUawmif rEÅÅav;aqmifrSmaewkef;yif topfaygif;&wJh vluawmh c&rf;wifarmif0if;wdYk ½Sr;f atmif0if;wdeYk YJ rEÅav;uajymif;vmwJh pd;k 0if;wdUk wodu k yf g/ ausmif;aqmifcsufjcif; r&ao; &ifvnf; udkBuD;pef;u ausmif;aqmif t&m½Sdqdkawmh pdwfylzdkY rvdkawmh/ aMomf... av;ESpfwm cGJNyD;rS jyefvm&wJh wuúodkvfBuD;u t&ifvdk vIdufvSJpGm BudKqdkaeygvm;vdkU ajym&rvdkyif/ racsmarGUwmuawmh taqmifrSm aea&; xdkifa&;yg/ 'DESpfrSmrS wuúodkvf&JY taqmifpnf;urf;awGudk wif;Muyfvdkufygw,f/ wuúodkvfqdkwm t½G,fa&mufNyD; olrsm; ynmqnf;yl;&mXme jzpfygw,f/ 'Dt,ltqudk ESpfpOfusif;yavh½SdwJh FresherDayrSm ausmif;om;opfawGudk q&mrsm;u Mo0g'ay;avh ½Sdygw,f/ rif;wdkY[m txufwef;ausmif;om;av;awG r[kwaf wmhb;l ? wuúov kd af usmif;om;awG jzpfomG ;NyD? taqmifaewJh ausmif;om;awG qdk&if rdb&JY teD;uyf tkyfxdef;rI r½Sdawmhbl;? rdrdudk,frdrdyJ xdef;aeMu&awmhr,f/ 'Dt½G,f[m wuúodkvfrSm rae &ifvnf;? ud, k t hf oufarG;0rf;aMumif;twGuf vlUb0xJukd ud, k t hf m;ud, k u f ;kd 0if&rJh t½G,yf ?J aewmxdik w f m 0wfpm; qif,ifwmutp rdrdudk,fudkrdrd xdef;odrf;&r,fqdkwJh todudk ay;avh½Sdygw,f/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;b0rSm ynmqnf;yl;rIutp q&mudkcsnf; trSDjyKae&awmhrSm r[kwfyJ rdrdudk,frdrd tm;udk;NyD; avhvmqnf;yl;&r,fqdkwJh tavhtusifu h v kd nf; ay;ygw,f/ 'DEpS af wmh wuúov kd t f aqmifae ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk t½G,rf a&mufao;wJh uav;awGvkd csKyfcs,f uefUowfvmygw,f/ 1962 ckESpf rwfv(2)&ufaeYrSm wdkif;jynfudk tmPmodrf;cJhwJh ppfwyf[m wuúodkvfausmif; ukv d nf; ppfwef;vsm;vdk tkycf sKyfvmygw,f/ 'Dvckd sKyfcs,fraI wGukd ausmif;om;trsm;pku vufrcHEikd Mf uyg/ &efuek f wuúov kd ef UJ 'Djyif wuúov kd af umvdyt f oD;oD;u ausmif;om;awG[m tpOftvm ordik ;f ay;wm0eft& Edik if &H t YJ a&;udk ud, k t hf a&;vdyk J tm½kpH u kd o f al wG jzpfMuygw,f/ vlxu k wifajr§mufxm;wJh 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &udk jzKwfcsNyD; ppfwyfu tmPmodrf;cJhwmudk raMueyfMuygbl;/ 'gayrJh ppfwyftmPmodrf;csdefu rwfvqdkawmh pmar;yJGawG ajzaewkef;eJY ajzNyD;awmhvnf; ausmif;qufydwfvdkufawmh bmrQ rvkyfEdkifcJhMuyg/ uefYuGufaMumif; aMujimcsufom wuo? &uoeJY Auo wdkYu xkwfjyefEdkifcJhygw,f/ tck ausmif;zGifhawmhvnf; tajctaeopfudk avhvmae&ygw,f/ tajctaeopfawGu... tmPmodrf; ppfwyf[m ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJYudk tcsdef,lavhvmcdkif;NyD; tuGufusus vkyfEdkifcJhygw,f/ rwfv (2) &ufaeY tmPmodrf;NyD;vdkY &ufydkif;twGif;rSmyJ tJ'DtcsdefrSm xif½Sm;wJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDBuD; oHk;ckudk Adkvfae0if;eJY Adv k af tmifBuD;wdUk u ac:aqG;aEG;ygw,f/ Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; csrSwcf w hJ hJ qd½k , S v f pfyef;wdik u f ykd J ppfwyfu csDwufrmS rdUk vdYk wcsdew f ek ;f u wdik ;f jynfvw G v f yfa&;twGuf vufwcJG o hJ vdk tckvnf; wpnf;wvH;k wnf; vkyo f mG ;&ef yefMum; ygw,f/ jzpfcJhwJh EdkifiHa&;tuGJtNyJ *,ufudk oifcef;pm,lNyD; twlwlwdkifyif ñSdEdSKif;vkyfoGm;vdkygw,f/ usaemfwdkY ppfwyfqdkwm ppfomwdkufwwfwm rwwfomvdkY tmPmodrf;vdkuf&ayrJh wdkif;jynfta&;usawmh usaemfwdkYcsnf; vkyv f rYkd &ygbl;? 0dik ;f 0ef;tBuHay; ulnv D yk af qmifMuapvdyk gw,f/ tJ'v D kd ajymjyvdu k af wmh wcsdKUw0ufu axmufc?H wcsdKUawmhvnf; rltm;jzifh axmufcH? wcsdKUMuawmhvnf; ajcovHk;zuf axmufcH jzpfukefMuwmaygh/ aemufwcg {NyDvukefydkif; avmufusawmh Auyysuf? tvHeDysufawGudk wm0efay;NyD;a&;cdkif;wJh ]awmfvSeaf &;aumifpD\

2 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

2

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

0g'oabmxm; aMujimcsu?f jrefrmhq½kd , S v f pfvrf;pOf} qdw k mudk wjynfv;kH today; xkwjf yefvu kd af wmh tawmfrsm;rsm; awGa0oGm;cJMh uw,f/ 'Dtcsed rf mS pmar;yGaJ wGeUJ ausmif;ydw&f ufawGaMumifh vlpu k NJG yD; Nidraf ewJh wuúov kd af ygif;pHu k ausmif;om;rsm; udk Adkvfae0if; owdrvpfyg/ 1958ckESpfwkef;u tdrfapmifhtpdk;&acwfrSm Adkvfae0if; 0efBuD;csKyfvkyfcJhygw,f/ tJ'ED pS f bGUJ ESi;f obifukd 0efBuD;csKyfu wuúov kd f t"dywdtjzpf wufa&muf bGUJ ay;cJyh gw,f/ olUum; bGUJ ESi;f obif a½SYrSm &yfNyD; um;ay:uqif;csdefrSm bGJUESif;obifa½SYrSm 0dkif;MunfhaeMuwJh ausmif;om; tkyfpkxJu.. ]]bJUG r&wJh olu bGUJ ay;rSmvm;}} ]]udk,fwdkif bGJU0wfpHkr½SdyJeJY ,leDazmif;ay:rSm bGJU0wfpHkBuD; NcHKrvmeJY}} ]]tdrfjyefa&muf&if qmvzm*Gmem'if; aomufOD;}} ( qmvzm*Gmem'if; = xdkpOfu bDyDtdkifrS xkwfaom 0rf;ydwfaq;) qdkwJh ausmif;om;awG&JY cyftkyftkyfatmfoHawGudk olMum;cJhygw,f/ wHkY . . uenf; jzpfoGm;NyD;rS tdaNE´rysuf qufoGm;cJhwmyg/ b,farhEdkifygh rwkef;? vG,fvG,fulul arhwwf? cGifhvTwfwwfwJholrS r[kwfwm/ 'Dawmh vufOD;rSK ½Sd½Sd vkyfygNyD/ 1962ckESpf arv (9) &ufaeUrSm awmfvSefa&; aumifpD\ Oya'trSwf (3) eJY trSwf (4) udk xkwfjyefvdkufygw,f/ trSwf (3)u 1962 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk ½kwfodrf;wJh Oya'jzpfNyD;? trSwf (4) rSm 1962 ckEpS f rEÅav;wuúov kd t f ufOya'udk ½kwo f rd ;f wJh Oya'wdYk jzpfygw,f/ Oya'ESpcf k u &efukefeJY rEÅav;qdkwJh pum;vHk;rsm;u vGJ&if tm;vHk; twlwlygyJ/ Oya'&JY t"du tcsufuawmh yk'fr(3)yg/ yk'fr(3) /

/ þOya'pwiftmPmwnfonfh tcsdefrSpí EdkifiHawmf? awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&onf &efuek (f rEÅav;) wuúov kd t f m; tqkyd g &kwo f rd ;f jcif; cH&aom &efuek (f rEÅav;) wuúov kd f tufOya'jzifh ay;tyfxm;onfh tmPmESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;udk qufvufoHk;pGJ aqmif½Guf&rnf/

'Dtydk'fu t"Duyg/ Oya'uvnf; aMunmwJh tcsdefupNyD; tmPmwnfap&r,fwJh/ cyf½Sif;½Sif; ajym& &ifawmh wuúov kd u f kd Adv k af e0if; odr;f vdu k Nf yDaygh/ bGUJ ESi;f obif taqmufttHBk uD;udk Adv k af e0if; ½k;H vkyyf pfvu kd w f maygh/ 1920ckEpS u f ? &efuek w f uúov kd u f t kd ufOya'jzifh pwifwnfaxmif tkycf sKyfcyhJ gw,f/ rEÅav; wuúov kd f uawmh 1958 ckEpS u f srS tufOya'jyKNyD; oD;jcm;wuúov kd f zGichf w hJ myg/ wuúov kd f ESpcf pk vH;k udk tpd;k &u b@maiGtcsKd U axmufyw YH ,f/ wuúov kd af wGrmS oD;oefUb@maiG tcsdKU½Sw d ,f/ tjcm; t&yf&yf&wJh b@maiG&,f vdUk vnf; ½Sw d ,f/ 'Db@maiGawGeYJ wuúov kd u f vnfywfaewmyg? tufOya't& wuúov kd rf mS t"Du OD;aqmiftzGUJ tpnf; ESpcf ½k w dS ,f? wcku wuúov kd af umifpeD YJ usew f cku wuúov kd q f ;D edwt f zGUJ jzpfygw,f/ wuúov kd af umifprD mS tpd;k &&JY ud, k pf m;vS,f wcsdKU? jyifyu ukefonfrsm;? ukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUrsm;u udk,fpm;vS,fwcsdKY? wuúodkvf r[mXme toD;oD;u ygarmu©awGeJY ausmif;om;or*¾u ydkYvTwfwJh udk,fpm;vS,f yg0ifygw,f/ 'DaumifpDu wuúodkvf wckvHk;eJY ywfoufwJh udpötukefvHk; pnf;a0; qHk;jzwf aqmif½Gufw,f/ qD;edwfuawmh wuúodkvfygarmu©rsm;? q&mrsm;&JU ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifNyD;? oifMum;a&;? pmar;yGJ ppfaq;tatmifay;a&;? pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; xkwaf 0jy|mef;

or*¾ pmpOf 3

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

3

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

a&;wdkYudk pDrHaqmif½Gufw,fvdkY tMurf;zsif; od&ygw,f/ tpdk;&u udk,fpm;vS,fygayrJh? olUoabmxm;udkom wifjyEdik Nf yD;? wdu k ½f u dk f pGuzf ufwm rvky&f yg/ tck trdet Yf &awmh aumifpaD wG qD;edwaf wG ysufomG ;NyD/ Adv k af e0if;yJ tkycf sKyfawmhr,f? pGuzf ufawmhr,faygY/ t&ifu bGUJ ESi;f obif t0ifcef;r[m? aumifpt D pnf;ta0;cef; jzpfygw,f/ tckawmh 'Dtcef;rSm Adkvfae0if;ppfom;awG ½kH;xdkifMuawmhr,faygh/ tajctaeawGqdkwm 'gawGyg/ 'gawGudk wuou av;av;eufeuf avhvmNyD; &if;ESD;wJh q&mBuD;? q&mrBuD;awG? wuúov kd u f kd pdw0f ifpm;wJh jyifyu yk*Kd¾ vfawGeYJ ñSEd KdS if;wdik yf if MunfMh uygw,f/ wuúov kd u f q&m BuD;wcsdKUuvnf; 'Dtajctaeudk rBudKufMuyg/ rBudKufwmwifjywJh q&mBuD; wcsdKUudkvnf; jzKwfjyD; tpm;xdk; cefYvdkuf ygw,f/ ZGev f wvvH;k wjznf;jznf; tuJcyfaeMuwJh ausmif;om;awG[m ZGev f ukef Zlvikd v f qef;rSmawmh raMueyf csufawGukd pwif aqG;aEG;vm MuygNyD/ wuo uvnf; taqmiftoD;oD;rSm o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm; zGUJ pnf; NyD;csdeu f kd apmifah eygw,f/ Zlvikd v f twGi;f rSm o[m,ESihf pmzwfoif;rsm; zJUG pnf;MuavY &Syd gw,f/ Mo*kwv f qd&k if wuo&JUtrSak qmif yxrtokwef UJ 'kw, d tokw k u f kd a&G;cs,w f YJ wuoa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yNrJyg/ 'Dwuo a½G;aumuf yGJ ESpfckudkvnf; q&mawGuyJ BuD;Muyfusif;y ay;NrJyg/ 'g[m wuúodkvf&JY tpOftvm tcsdefZ,m;aygh/ ckESpf 'DtcsdeZf ,m;twdik ;f jzpfvmyg OD;rvm;/ wuúov kd af umifpaD wG? qD;edwaf wG zsufxm;awmh q&mawGua&m wuo a½G;aumufyGJudk usif;yay; EdkifOD;rSmvm;/ ,leD,Hu Zlvdkifv(7)&ufaeY? aeYvnfwpfem&DrSm ausmif;om;xk ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0;udk zdwfac: vdu k yf gw,f/ 'Dtpnf;ta0; rwdik cf if Zlvikd v f qef;uwnf;u taqmiftcsKd UrSm o[m,ESihf pmzwfoif; trSKaqmifopf a½G;yGeJ YJ wGNJ yD; ausmif;aqmifom;xk tpnf;ta0;awG usi;f yMuygw,f/ usi;f ywJh ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGw J ikd ;f rSmyJ zdEydS cf sKyfcs,fwhJ pnf;urf;opfrsm;udk uefu Y u G w f ,fvUkd wnDwñGww f nf; qH;k jzwfMuwm csnf;ygyJ/ Zlvikd v f (6) &uf aeYn a½Tbakd qmif tpnf;ta0;uawmh uefu Y u G w f ,fvUkd qH;k jzwf½Hk ruawmhyJ a
4 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

4

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

(2)

1962 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (7)&ufaeY? tJh'DaeY[m paeaeYyg/ aeYvnfwem&DrSm or*¾tpnf;ta0;cef;rrSm? tpnf;ta0; usif;yygw,f/ OuúXu udkAaqGav;yg? tcrf;tem;rSL;uawmh udkom'dk;vm; udkvSa½Tvm; rrSwfrdawmhyg/ tpnf;ta0;rSm ausmif;om;xk wcJeuf qHk;jzwfwmawGxJu rSwfrdoavmufuawmh . . . ausmif;om;awGukd zdEydS cf sKyfcs,fwhJ pnf;urf;trsdK;rsdK;udk uefu Y u G w f ,f? ppfwyfu tmPmodr;f wmudv k nf; uefYuGufw,f? wuúodkvftufOya'rsm;udk ½kwfodrf;wmudkvnf; uefUuGufw,f pwmawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ tpnf;ta0;tNyD;rSm? or*¾a½SUu pNyD; ausmif;0if;twGi;f rSmyJ a
or*¾ pmpOf 5

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

5

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

vuf&if; jzpfygw,f/ olu wuúodkvf wif;epfuvyfrSm tjyma&mif&cJhwJh wif;epform;qdkawmh Adkvfae0if;u wif;epf½kdufbuf tjzpf vuf&if;xm; aeyHk&ygw,f/ usaemf '*kefaqmif tay:qHk;xyfu q&mhtcef;a&mufawmh q&mhudk wa,mufwnf;yJ awGU&ygw,f/ q&mu awGUawGUcsif;yJ “rif;b,fwek ;f u a&muf wmvnf;? a&mufawmhvnf; at;at;raebl; [dv k u kd 'f v D u kd ef ?YJ awmfawmfMum tvkyf`ykwfvdrfhr,f” rmefajym ajymygw,f/ “q&m?usaemf ausmif;om;jzpfaeNyD? bDtD;'Dwufaew,f” f m;? “rif; Deputation (vpmrysufciG )hf eJY wufwmr[kwv 'gqdkrif; Service Man (0efxrf;) yJ” “Deputation eJYawmh r[kwfbl;? Study leave (vpmrJhcGifh)eJY wufaewmyg q&m” “'gvnf; qm;Apfrif;yJ” f ,faygh “vpmr&vdYk aemhtifqm;Apf (0efxrf;vnf;r[kw)f cGiehf rYJ Ykd 0efxrf;awmh tcsderf a½G; jyefjzpfEidk w 'gayrJh tckvuf½Sduawmh ausmif;wufaewm ausmif;om;yJaygh q&m” d f (pum;&nfv)k vkyaf ewm r[kwb f ;l tck tpd;k &u “rif;ighukd 'grsdK;awGvmajymraeeJY igrif;eJY 'Dbw t&ifvkd Edik if aH &;tpd;k & r[kwb f ;l tJ'g rif;em;vnfxm;prf;? OD;Ekvkd rif;wdu Yk kd nDav;a&vdYk ac:aer,f xifovm;” “'gjzifh q&mu?tcktpdk;&[m ppftpdk;&rdkYvdkY Murf;r,f? aqmfvdrfhr,fvdkY xifvdkYvm;” “at;? 'g rif;wdkY pOf;pm;&rSm rif;wdkU bBuD;awGuawmif axmufcHaew,faemf” rif;wdkYbBuD;[k q&mqdkwm[m yrnwudk qdkwmyif jzpfygw,f/ olwdkYu axmufcHwJh aMujimcsuf awGawmif xGuaf eNyDubJ/ “usaemfwYkd bBuD;awG r[kwyf gbl;” Yk BuD;awGu awmxJu[mawGvm;? vli,fwyfO;D awGvm;” “'gjzifh rif;wdb xdt k csdeu f awmfveS af &;tpd;k & tmPmodr;f wmudk raxmufcEH ikd w f hJ Edik if aH &; tkypf rk mS olwyYkd jJ zpfí useftyk pf k uawmh ausmif;om;tkypf yk J jzpfygw,f/ wuúov kd f aygif;pHak usmif;om;or*¾? ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; tzGJUcsKyf (Auo) eJY &efukefc½kdif ausmif;om;or*¾ (&uo)wdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ “usaemfwdkYu ausmif;om;yJ? ausmif;om;tkyfpkayghq&m” [k av;av;wGJUwGJU usaemf ajymrdygw,f/ av;wG&YJ wJt h aMumif;u ½Syd gw,f/ usaemfwUkd ausmif;om;tkypf x k rJ mS yif wcsKd UuwrsKd ;wrnfjzpfaeyHk ay:ygw,f/ 'DaeYtpnf;ta0;udkyif wuotrSKaqmiftcsdKU a&mufrvmMuyg/ 'gaMumifh ausmif;om;yJ ausmif;om;tpkaygh[k ajymrdayrJ?h usaemfwUkd ausmif;om;awGa&m wpnf;wvH;k wnf;½Sad o;&Jv Y m;qdw k hJ oHo,u BuD;pd;k aeygw,f/ ausmif;jyef a&mufpwnf;uyif ,cif twlwl vkycf MhJ uwJo h l wcsdKU[m t&ifvt kd ajctae r[kwaf wmhwm odcyhJ gw,f/ tenf;pk jzpfaevdkYom cyfNidrfNidrf a½Smifz,fz,f vkyfaeMuayrJh odyfawmhr[efvSbl;qkdwm od&ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh ppfwyf tmPmodr;f NyD;? Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;awGukd tBudrBf udraf c: aqG;aEG;aewmeJY jrefrmhq½kd , S v f pf vrf;pOfqw kd m aygif;vdu k f awmh tjyifEdkifiHa&;tkyfpkawG a0ukefovdk usaemfwdkY ausmif;om; tkyfpkawGvnf; a0ukefcJhwmyg/

6 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

6

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

q&meJY pum;ajym&wm odyrf oGuaf wmhyg/ 'geJU rsufv;kH u [d[ k o kd nfonf a½SmufMunfrh yd gw,f/ tif;... q&mwa,mufwnf;ygvm; wjcm;olawG b,fomG ; Muvdv Yk nf;? usaemf pum;vrf;aMumif; ajymif;vdu k yf gw,f/ “q&m uav;awGa&m b,foGm;MuvJ? a':a': wdkYa&m” Y “NrdKUxJu trsdK;tdrf oGm;Muw,fuG? uav;awGvnf; ausmif;ydwfvdk” “udkjrifha&myJvm; q&m” q&mh wlr&JY a,mufsm; AdkvfrSL;udkar;vdkufwmyg/ “armifjrifhu ½kH;oGm;w,fuG” “'gjzifh q&mwa,mufwnf;aygh” “at;.. rif;vnf; t&ifvdk avQmufyg raeeJYOD;uGm? tck tpdk;&uOD;Ekvdk r[kwfbl;uG? rif; b,fvkdxifovJ” “usaemfwdkU ausmif;om;buf &ef`ykvm&if ol&xm;wJh axmufcHrIawG vGwfukefrSmaygh” “'gayrJh? olU tjrifuvnf; rif;wdkY ausmif;om;yJ axmifaewm usefwmawGu NyD;aeNyD? 'Dawmh rif;wdkYausmif;om;udk odyMf unfhr&csib f l; rsupf pd yg;arG; ql;aew,f odyt f avQmhay;r,f rxifbl;? txl;ojzifh wuúokdvaf usmif;om;udkuG? ausmif;eJY ygwfoufwJh Oya' zsuv f kduw f m rif;odvm;” “odw,fq&m tao;pdwfawmh r[kwfbl;? 'DaeY qHk;jzwfcsufrSmawmif 'gudk uefYuGufxm;w,f q&m” “at;.. wdkYbufu vufaxmuf cswmawGvnf; ½Sdcsif ½SdrSmayghuGm? 'gaMumifh ydkowdxm;&rSm odvm;” “tJ'D Oya'zsufwmeJY? usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;eJY b,fvdkywfoufrvJ q&m” xt kd csdeu f wu,fyif ,ckavmuf em;rvnfao;yg/ 'gaMumifh ud, k hf q&m&if; qdak wmh ar;rdygw,f/ “aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; ajymr,fuGm? 'gu Oya'pum; igvnf; em;rvnfbl;? olrsm; ajymoavmuf a&;aw;aw;&,f” usaemf enf;enf;oabm aygufvmygw,f q&mh wlom;rufAdkvfrSL;u wyfrawmf Oya'½kH;uyJ/ “ at;uGm? rif;t&ifuvdkawmh t&rf;avQmufyg raeeJYuGm” q&mu olUpum;ol jyefydwfNyD; usaemfhudk owday;jyefygw,f/ q&mh pum;rSm xyfwvJvJ jzpfaewJh tcsufuawmh 'Dtpdk;&u OD;Ektpdk;&vdk r[kwfbl;qdkwmeJY usaemfhudk ausmif;om; vSKyf½Sm;rSKawGxJrSm xyfrygeJY qdkwJhtcsufyif jzpfaeygw,f/ usaemfu q&mESifh wynfh ajym½kd;ajympOf qHk;r½kd;qHk;rpOfyJvdkY cyf½kd;½kd; awG;ygw,f/ aemufumv tawmfMumawmhrS þtjzpfudk wrsdK; jrifcJhygw,f/ usaemf q&mhudk ESKwfqufNyD; jyefrnfjyifpOf... “rif;b,fvrf;u jyefrSmvnf;” ar;jyefygw,f/ “usaemf ,leD,Hbufu jyefr,f vufbuf&nfvnf; aomufOD;r,f? AaqGav;qDuvnf; ,lp&m½Sad o;w,f” G rf vJuG owif;axmufawGeYJ tvkyrf sm;aerSm vufbuf&nf “rif; 'DaeY AaqGav;eJaY wGUzkYd b,fv, aomufzv kYd nf; ightrd rf mS yJ aomufumG igvnf;raomuf&ao;bl; aumfzrD keS aYf &m? oMum;a&m? Ekq Yd aD &m ½Sw d ,f/ "gwfA;l xJrmS a&aEG;awGvnf; ½Sw d ,f/ azsmu f mG aumfzu D susav;aygh rif;azsmw f wfygw,f”

or*¾ pmpOf 7

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

7

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

'DvdkeJY q&mhudk aumfzDazsmfwdkuf&? udk,fwdkifvnf; aomufeJY pum;qufMujyefygw,f/ “nwke;f u qlwmawG rif;wdkYbuf a&mufao;ovm;” q&mar;r,fqv kd nf; ar;avmufygw,f/ 'Dbuf pjzpfwahJ e&meJY usaemfwYkd waumif;? jynf? yk*w H q Ykd w kd m wrdkifavmufa0;wm/ armfawmfum; ESpfrSwfwdkifav/ “a&mufwmayghq&m b,faervJ usaemfwdkYbufu a0;awmh NAKef;ueJawmh vefYoGm;wmaygh” ajym&if;yif nu 0&efwmay: vlawG atmf[pfajy;vTm;Mu&if; usaemfh aomufa&tdk; usuGJoGm;wm trSw&f oGm;ovdk yg;pyfuvnf; toHxu G o f mG ;ygw,f/ “[m.. nu aomufa&tdk; usuGJoGm;wm jyef0,f&OD;rSmyJ? vSnf;wef;buf0ifrS xifw,f” “at;..aumif;om;yJ? tmaomurSm 0,fNyD; um;wufpD;&if q,fjym;ay; a&mufa&m? oufomwm ayghuG” usaemf taqmifjyefzYkd vrf;aMumif;ESprf sdK; jzpfomG ;ygw,f/ yxr &nf½, G w f mu or*¾vufbuf&nfqikd 0f if vuffbuf&nfaomuf&if; AaqGav;eSifh awGUrnf/ olYqDu (10)wef; yx0DrSwfpkrsm;,l&ef csdef;xm;NyD;om;yg/ aemufpmwdu k Ef iS hf aq;½kMH um;vrf;u vdik ;f ayguf0if? vdik ;f aygufukd ausmfawmh jynfausmif;aqmif aemufaygufa&muf? tJonfu waumif;ausmif;aqmifoGm;? tm;vHk; ajcvsifvrf;/ aemuf vrf;waMumif;u &mrnaqmifa½SUuxGuf? t0dik ;f BuD;ywf? tmaomupwd;k 0if? rk'v Hk yk f aomufa&td;k 0,f? um;wufp;D ? vdik ;f aygufrw S w f ikd af usmfawmh ausmif;rSwf wdkifqif;NyD; waumif;ausmif;aqmifa&muf? ajcvsifenf;enf;? um;pD;&rSm rsm;rsm;ESifh vrf;/ usaemf 'kw, d vrf;udk a½G;vdu k yf gw,f/ 'gaMumifv h nf; nae oH;k em&Davmuf or*¾bufrmS ausmif;om;rsm; udk &Ju 0ifzrf;vdkY ½kwf½kwfoJoJ jzpfaecsdefrSm usaemfu jynfvrf;ru um;ay: a&mufaeygvdrfhr,f/ taqmifjyef a&mufawmh oHk;em&DcGJ avmuf ½Sda&maygh/ 'DaeUoli,fcsif; xGef;jrifhr*FvmaqmifrdkY vlysdKnpm;yGJaomufyGJ rD;&xm; blwma[mfw,frmS ½Syd gw,f/ tcef;rSm twlaewJh oli,fcsif;tke;f vGiu f oGm;ESiNhf yDrYkd tckaea&csdK;NyD; um;pD;oGm;&if pk&yfukd tcsderf yD v J Ykd awG;rdygw,f/ 'Dtcsderf mS yJ wbufcef;uoli,fcsif;u abmuefzed yf0wfaewm jrifvu kd yf gw,f/ raeYu abmuefzdeyf topf0,fxm;wm trSwf&NyD; oleJY abmuefvdkufzdkY pdwfajymif; oGm;ygw,f/ ESpfa,muf taqmifuqif;awmh b,fomG ;uefMurvJ pOf;pm;ygw,f/ wuúov kd u f pm;uGi;f awGbuf oGm;rvm;? wDwpD D (ynma&; r[mXme)u uGi;f oGm;rvm;/ aemufq;kH wuúov kd u f pm;uGi;f awG bufrmS vlawG rsm;w,f? wDwpD u D iG ;f yJ oGm;r,f qHk;jzwfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; tJ'DaeYu ta&;BuD;wJh tcsdefydkif;rSm usaemfu wuoeJU ydka0;wJhae&mudk a&mufae ygw,f/ (wu,fvo Ykd m wuúov kd t f m;upm;uGi;f awG bufomG ;rdr,fq&kd iff wuou qlql nHnt H oHawG Mum;&rSm aocsmygw,f/ Mum;&ifvnf; raeygbl;? tJ'Dae&m a&mufoGm;rSmyg/) wem&Davmuf upm;NyD; jyefvm a&csdK;ygw,f/ a&csdK;NyD; tcef;a½SUrSm wbufeJY a&okyfaewkef;rSmyJ Main (A[dkaqmifrsm;) bufu twGJvdkuf qGJypf vdkufwJh aoewfoHawGudk Mum;&ygw,f/ &yfvdkufypfvdkufyJ cPtMum A[dak qmifbufrS ajy;vmolrsm;udk jrif&ygw,f/ atmfvnf; vmMuygw,f/ t0dik ;f av;em;rSm ppfwyfu ypfuek Nf yDw?hJ t0dik ;f uav; em;rSmqd&k if t"dywdvrf; wHcg;rBuD;? NyD;awmh wuoeJY rEÅav;aqmif? tr&aqmifaygh? wuorSm jyóemawmh jzpfNyDxif&JU _______/ wu,fjzpfoGm;yHkudk aemufaeYrS od&ygw,f/ bGJUESif;obifa½SUrSm vlpkcGJ jyefvmwJh ausmif;om;wcsdKU or*¾vbuf&nfqikd rf mS ? vbuf&nfaomufoal omuf pum;ajymolajym½Sad ewke;f aeYvnf ESpef m&DcJG tcsdeaf vmufrmS

8 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

8

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

&Jum;ESppf ;D wuo xJ0ifvmw,f/ &JwyfzUJG 0ifawGu AaqGav;qD wef;oGm;NyD; zrf;awmhwmygyJ/ ausmif;om;awGu cPawmh aMumifoGm;NyD; &Jum;qD twif;ajy; vkdufMuygw,f/ &Jum;vnf; csufjcif;yJ xGufoGm;wmrdkU AaqGav; ygoGm;w,f/ ausmif;om;awGu atmf&if;[pf&if; vlpkrdvmNyD; t"dywdvrf;wHcg;BuD;udk ydwfvdkufw,f/ wuoeJY teD;qH;k rSm½Sw d hJ topfpufpuf ygarmu©csKyfO;D um&JU um;udk oGm;NyD; qG, J Ml uw,f/ OD;umqdw k m t&ifu ocFsmXmeu uxduyg/ ygarmu©awmif rjzpfzl;ygbl;? 'gayrJh t&if 1958 ckESpf tdrfapmifhtpdk;& vdkYac:wJh yxrtBudrf Adv k af e0if; tmPmodr;f tpd;k &rSm tpd;k &tzGUJ 0if ynma&;0efBuD; jzpfczhJ ;l NyD;? tck 'kw, d tBudrf Adv k af e0if; ppftpd;k & wufvmawmh wuúov kd Of ya'awG udzk sufNyD;? tpOftvmr½S?d ygarmu©csKyf tcefcY &H wJh topfpufpuf ygarmu©csKyfyg/ 'Dawmh ausmif;om;awGu olUum;udk rD;½SUdk wm[m rqef;ygbl;/ ckEpS rf S topfay:vmwJh wif;MuyfwhJ pnf;urf;awG[m olUvuf&mvdUk vnf;xifMuygw,f/ olUum;vnf; rD;½SUdk NyD;a&m aemufxyf&u J m;awG a&mufvmMujyefw,f/ t"dywdvrf; rBuD;wHcg;udk ydwx f m;vdYk &JawGu tjyifuaeNyD; wHcg;zGizhf Ukd BudK;pm;w,f/ txJu ausmif;om;awGuvnf; atmf[pf qE´jyMuwmaygh/ cJawGev YJ nf; ypfMuwmaygh/ 'Dawmh&aJ wGu olwYkd rEkid af wmhygbl;qdNk yD; qkwcf mG oGm;Muyg awmhw,f/ tJ'aD wmh tcsdeu f oH;k em&DcJG av;em&Davmufyg/ b,fae&mu apmifah erSe;f rodwhJ ppfwyfu csufjcif;yJ wuúov kd &f yd f omvrf;ray: a&mufvmNyD;? aq;½kHa½YSuae "r®m½kHa½SU txd? wyfjzefU xm;vdkufygw,f/ ausmif;om;awGu "r®m½kw H w hJ hJ tr&aqmifa½SUu wHcg;udv k nf; ydwv f u kd yf gw,f/ ausmif;om;eJY ppfwyfMum; rSm atmufajcESpfaycefU tkwfjrpfay:rSm tkwfwdkif awGeJY oHwdkifpdkuf 0if;x&HyJ jcm;awmhwmaygh/ wbufeJY wbuf oHwikd Mf um;u jrifae&ygw,f/ wyfom;awGukd vrf;&Jw Y bufrmS aoewfu, kd pf eD YJ wef;pDNyD; &yfaeapygw,f/ wyfrLS ;awG u um;awGay:u qif;NyD; olwdkYwyfom;awGa½SU vrf;avQmufwJhtcg ausmif;om; awGu aumuf½kd;ajcaxmuf jrufajcaxmufvdkY atmfNyD; avSmifMuygw,f/ 'DvlawG ppfoifwef; wufpOfu b,feJYnm cGJrodvdkY ajcaxmufawG rSm aumuf½kd;wbuf jrufwbuf pD;ay;xm;NyD;? csDwuf vrf;avQmufwJhtcg b,fnmvdkY atmfray;yJ aumuf½kd;ajcaxmuf jrufajcaxmufvdkU atmfay;&w,fvnf; tcsif;csif; ajymovdkeJY avSmifajymifMuygw,f/ oHk;a,mufaygif; ajcmufwef;awmif r½SdMubl;vdkUvnf; rcHcsifatmif ajymMuygao;w,f/ nae ig;em&D avmufrSmawmh t&m½Sd um;wpD; xyfa&mufvmNyD;? wyfrSL; awG acgif;csif;½kdufNyD; ypfrdefYay;vdkufwmyJ jzpfygw,f/ F

or*¾ pmpOf 9

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

9

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

(3)

tJ'Dtcsed rf Sm usaemf[m ckeuajymcJhovdk tcef;a½SUrSm a&okyaf ewke;f aygh/ ajy;vmwJholawGuvnf; 'Dbufa&mufwm awmif pdwaf t;oGm;wJyh kH ray:bl;? ppfom;awGaemufu vdkuv f mvdkUvm;? wuorSm b,fvkad wGjzpfukeNf yDv?J wuo bufukyd J oGm;Munf&h aumif;rvm; tJvkw d ke;f xdyaf jymifajymif touf (40) avmuf vlwa,muf a&mufvmygw,f/ “'Dtcef;u udkwifarmif r½Sdbl;vm;” 'Dvkd ar;wnf;uol usaemfu h kd rodb;l qdw k m odvu kd yf gw,f/ usaemfvnf; olUudrk odygbl;? ckvkd ½kw½f w k f oJoJ tcsdefrsdK;rSm udkwifarmifqkdwm usaemfyJvdkU b,fajymvdkYjzpfyghrvJ? uyfNyD;zrf;oGm;awmh b,fES,fh vkyfrvJ/ 'grsdK;awG ig;q,fhoHk; ckESpfu MuHKcJhzl;NyDyJ/ “r½Sdbl;? onftcef;u tkef;vGifyJ ½Sdw,f” tcef;azmf&UJ emrnfukd ajymvdu k w f maygh/ rajymvdUk uvnf; rjzpfb;l av tcef;wHcg;u yGiv hf suBf uD;ud;k / “udktkef;vGif qdk&ifvnf; vdkufcJhygwJh? tcef;(83)u udkatmifoef;&,f arhaevdkY” 'gqd&k ifawmh vdu k &f awmhrmS aygh? wNrKd Uwnf; wausmif;wnf; vkycf w h J m? olu bDattD;'D wufaeoly?J ujymuoD pGyu f s,t f usaøD umuf0wfNyD; vdu k o f mG ;ygw,f/ udak tmifoef;tcef;a&mufawmh ukwifay:rSm udak tmifoef; &,f pefpY efBY uD; jzpfaeygw,f/ tem;rSmvnf; wNrdKUwnf;om; bDtD;'DwufaewJh udkoef;0if; a&mufaeygw,f/ “tjyifbufu ausmif;om;wa,mufu tcef;(83)u OD;atmifoef; cifAsm;tcef;azmf udkodef; aoewfrSefNyD; vJusef&pfw,f vdkYatmfoGm;wmvnf; Mum;a&m udkatmifoef; tcef;ayguf0rSm vJusoGm;vdkY ckwifay: wifxm;&wm ac:vdkYvnf; r&bl;” vdkY tcef;eD;csif; wa,mufu ajymjyygw,f/ udkatmifoef;[m? yg;pyfuawmh wtif;tif; toHxGufaeayrJh ac:vdkYvnf; r&bl; aygifwGif;aMum ukyfvdkYvnf; r&ygbl;? ajczsm; vSefcsdK;vdkYvnf; rxl;yg? 'Dawmh taqmifrSL;udkyJ oGm;ac:&ygw,f/ rMumcifyJ vufaxmuftaqmifrLS ; OD;cifarmifaxG; a&mufvmNyD; olv Y ufxrJ mS aoG;aq;ykvif;eJY ESm½Iaq;rSek yYf v k if; ygvmygw,f/ usaemfwdkUu q&mh um;eJY aq;½kHvdkufydkUzdkUajymygw,f/ “aoewfoHawG Mum;wnf;u uRefawmfhrdom;pkudk um;ay:wifNyD;xGufwm b,fbufurS xGuv f kdYr&bl; vrf;awG ydwx f m;NyD” uJ..aumif;a&m rwwfedkifyg? olYwGifygwJh ESm½Iaq;rSkefYudkyJ udkatmifoef; ESm0rSm awhay;vdkufygw,f/ onfawmhrS [yfcsdkK;...[yfcsdK;...eJYowd& oGm;ygw,f/ rsufvHk;BuD; jyL;NyD; [dk[dkonfonf Munfhygw,f/ NyD;awmh? “ppfwyfu aoewfeYJ vdu k yf pfaeNyD? udo k ed ;f (olt Y cef;az:)vJ rSeo f mG ;NyDw” hJ usaemfu h v kd nf; jrifomG ;a&m “rif;urajy;ao;bl;vm;? 'DrSm bmvmvkyfaewmvnff;” udo k ef;0if;u ajymygw,f/ “a[;...udkav;atmifoef; wifarmifu rajy;vdkY bmrSrjzpfb;l cifAsm; owdvpfomG ;vdkY uReaf wmfwkYd u pdwfylNyD; 'Da&mufaewm”

10 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

10

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

“at; tckigowd&NyD? rif;vnf;½Sdom;yJ wifarmif eifajy;ayawmh” “[.. udkav;atmifoef;&? usKyfu bmvkyfajy;&rSmvJ? jzpfaewmu [dk.. rdef;(A[dk) bufrSm? 'DrSm bmrQrjzpfbl; xvnf;MunfhOD;” 'DawmhrS udkatmifoef; xxdkifygw,f/ taqmifrSL; OD;cifarmifaxG;udkvnf; awGUoGm;ygw,f/ 0dik ;f Munfah ewJt h xJu wa,mufu ajymygw,f/ “uRefawmf aq;½kHbufu jyefvmwm typftcwfawGawmh &yfoGm;NyD ypfwmuawmh txJtxdukd vdkufypfwmyJ tckawmh ppfom;awG vlawGudkr,lNyD; qGJvmwmawG jrif&w,f” udkatmifoef; jyefvJoGm; jyefygw,f/ aoewfxdoGm;NyD[k od&ol udkodef;rSm tcef;az: jzpf½kHomru? ZmwdjrdKUwGiv f nf; tdrcf sif;uyf&uf? rde;f rbufu aqG&yd rf uif; rsdK;&dyrf uif;yg/ 'gaMumifh udo k ed ;f twGuf awG;yl[ef wlygw,f/ owdawmh rvpfawmhyg/ “wifarmif&m rif;NrdKUxJ xGufawmhuGm tckntaqmifrSm raeeJYawmh” ol usaemfhtwGuftylwdkufae jyefygw,f/ taqmifrSL; OD;cifarmifaxG; uvnf; "gwfodjzpfaeawmh “[kwfw,f? cifAsm;awmh a½Smifae&ifaumif;r,f” 'Dvekd YJ usaemfvnf; udak tmifoef; tcef;u jyefcyhJ gw,f? t0wftpm;vJ? wHcg;ydwNf yD; jynfvrf;bufukd xGufcJhygw,f? waumif;aqmif wHcg;eJY um;rSwfwdkif bmrQra0;yg/ jynfvrf;ray:rSmawmh um;wpD;rSr½Sdyg? taqmifrSL; ajymovdk vrf;awG ydwfvdkufNyD jzpfygvdrfhr,f rwwfEkdif? ajcvsifyJ avQmuf&rSmaygh? cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS ppfom;wOD; bGm;eJ ajy;xGuv f mygw,f/ “b,foGm; rvdkUvJ? onfvrf;ay: roGm;&bl;? txJjyef0ifyg” usaemf aemufaMumif; jyefvSnfhNyD; waumif;ausmif;aqmif aemufbuf rvG,faygufu vdyfcHk;cef;r (,ckzsufxm;NyD;)buf xGucf yhJ gw,f/ tJ'u D rS pmoif cef;rsm; aemufbufuaeNyD; wDwpD b D uf avQmufcyhJ gw,f/ wDwpD aD b; wif;epfuiG ;f udak usmf? jrufcif;jyif us,fBuD; (xdt k csdeu f ? xdak e&mwGif bmtaqmufttHrk S r½Sad o;yg) udjk zwfNyD; tif;vsm;vrf;ay: a&mufygw,f/ tJ'v D rf;rSmawmh ppfom;awG vnf;r½Sd bmtaESmift h ,Surf S rawGU&yg/ zdeyfa&pdkwmeJY ykqkd;udk ajrmufjrm; (jrufoD;) uyfwmyJ ½Sdygw,f/ tif;vsm;vrf;uae OD;0dpm&vrf;? aemuf Am;u&mvrf; uaeNyD; ajreDuek ;f a&mufryS J um;pD;&ygawmhw,f? um;ay:a&mufawmh rS b,fomG ;rvJpOf;pm;awmh 'DaeYn xGef;jrifh&JY bufcsvmekduf ½Sdwmudk trSwf&ygw,f/ em&DMunfhvdkufawmh (8) em&D ausmfausmfav;yg/ vlpk ruGaJ vmuf ao;yg/ rD;&xm;a[mfw,f atmufxyf pm;aomufcef;udk 0ifrdawmh? 0dkif;odrf;umeD; jzpfaeygw,f/ usaemfudk jrifawmh wifarmifBuD;a&... trQ.. trQ.. vdYk rl;rl;eJY 0dik ;f atmfMuygw,f/ wa,mufuawmh pm;yGaJ y: acgif;pdu k af e&mu? usaemfh toHMum;awmh acgif;axmifMunfhNyD;? ighvlawmh oGm;NyDvdkY atmufarhwmvdkY ajymNyD; jyefarSmufoGm;ygw,f/ usaemfxdkifrdawmh jzpfyHkudk 0dkif;ar;Muwmaygh/ olwdkYvnf; wuúodkvfausmif;om;awGudk ypfukefNyDqdk wJhowif;awG NrdKUxJrmS Mum;&wmawG ajymjyMuygw,f/aq;½kBH uD;rSmvnf; ausmif;om; tavmif;awGa&m vlemawGa&m yHak ewmyJvUkd Mum;&wmawG ajymMuygw,f/ usaemft h cef;az: tke;f vGiu f aeUvnf usaemf tpnf;ta0;udk xGuo f mG ;NyD;rS NrdKUxJ xGufcJhwmyg/ 'gaMumifh olu 'D0dkif;rSm usaemf tpnf;ta0; wufwmudk owif;ay;rSmaygh/ tpnf;ta0;xJ 0ifypf&ifvnf; 'DaumifBuD;rSefrSmyJ pDwef;vrf;avQmufyGJrSm ypf&ifvnf; olUt&yfBuD;u olrsm;xuf½Snfawmh

or*¾ pmpOf 11

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

11

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

ypfrvGJayghuGmvdkY oluajymawmh ,HkwJholawGuvnf; rl;rl;eJU ,HkaecJhMurSmaygh? 'gaMumifh usaemfh jrifawmh trQ a0Muwmyg/ wuJhtjzpfu olwdkY xifovkd rjzpfyJ? usaemfu taMumif;aMumif; aMumifh ypfuGif;eJU a0;wJhae&m a&mufoGm;&wmudk tao;pdyf ajymrjyawmhyg/ tMurf;zsif;ajymNyD; cPtMumrSm 0dkif;odrf;vdkufMuygw,f/ rodrf;vdkYvnf;rjzpfawmhacs/ wcsdKU yk*¾Kdvfrsm; trl;vGefí owdvpfvdkYyif aeygNyD/ 'Dn owdvpfolawG w,fawGU&ygvm;/ rD;&xm; a[mfw,f ESifheD;eD; zqyv wdkufcef;rSm ntdyfMuygw,f/ aemufwaeY (Zlvdkif8 &uf) eHeufvif;tm;BuD; rSmawmh? tvGef us,favmifwJh aygufuGJoHBuD;aMumifh tm;vHk; vefYEdk; ukefygw,f/ tcef;wHcg;yif 0kef;ueJyGifhoGm;ygw,f/ wHcg;u atmufrif;wkef;cs½kHcsxm;vkdY yGifhwmjzpfayrJh 'DvdkyGifh&avmufatmif? tawmfBuD; jyif;xefwJh aygufuGJrSKwck jzpfykH&ygw,f/ usaemfwdkUvnf; jyef rtdyf jzpfawmhygbl;/ F

12 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

12

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

(4)

usaemfeJY tke;f vGif reufoa&pmpm;NyD;? ausmif;(wuúokdv)f buf jyefcJhMuygw,f/ zqyvuqdkawmh ausmufwkdirf Swf wdkix f u G f eHygwf (7) um;yJ pD;cJMh uygw,f/ tif;vsm;vrf;a&mufawmh um;r0if&awmhyg/ usaemfwkYd qif;NyD; ajcvsif avQmufawmhvnf;? yk*Hvrf;xdyrf Sm ppfom;awGu a½SYqufroGm;zdkU wm;aeMuygw,f/ wcsKd Uu aemufaMumif;jyefNyD; tif;vsm; vrf;twdki;f tif;vsm;aqmifbufukd oGm;Muw,f/ ausmif;olawG&JU rdbawG? 'grSr[kwf oufqkdio f lawG jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ usaemfwu Ykd awmh yk*v H rf;xJ0ifNyD; abmvH;k uGi;f awGjzwf a&ul;ueftem;txd avQmufvmNyD; wuúov kd f aq;½kaH xmifph eG ;f u vSr;f Munfv h u kd af wmh wuúov kd o f r*¾ taqmuftODBuD;[m trd;k oHuikd ;f awG? auG;aumufNyD; ajrrSmus aeovdk tumeH&aH wGvnf; tkwyf BkH uD;jzpfNyD;? pmtkyaf wG puúLpawGeYJ azG;aewJh tysuf tpD;yHBk uD;udk vSr;f jrif&ygw,f/ reufapmapmu toH[m 'DtaqmufttHkBuD;udk rdkif;cGJwJh toHyg/ wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;ay:rSmawmh ppfom;eJU ppfum;awG awGUae&yg ao;w,f/ ausmif;om;rdbwcsKd Uvnf; usaemfwUkd vrf;aMumif;twdik ;f vdu k v f mNyD;? ausmif;om; taqmifawGbuf ul;zdYk BudK;pm;Muygw,f/ wuúov kd &f yd o f mvrf;r ay: wufciG rhf &yg/ 'geJUyJ aemufaMumif;jyefNyD; tif;vsm;vrf;bufu vSn0hf ifMunfzh Ukd tMuHay; vdu k yf gw,f/ wuúov kd o f r*¾ tysut f pD;yHBk uD;udk ausmMf unfv h u kd af wmh? rEÅav;aqmif bufqu D v kd rS ;f jrif&ayrJh 0&HwmrSm oGm;vmaewJah usmif;om;rsm;&JU t&dyt f a,mif udak wmh rjrif&yg/ usaemfwv Ykd nf; oxHv k rf; twdik ;f aemufaMumif; jyefNyD; waumif;aqmifta&mufjyefcMhJ uygw,f/ taqmifa&mufawmh ausmif;ydwv f u kd Nf yDw/hJ taqmifu csufjcif; xGuf&r,fwJh? taqmifrSL;u vdkufajymygw,f/ rdef;(A[dk)bufu taqmifawGudk raeYnwnf;u a&a&mrD;yg jzwfypf vdu k w f ,fvYkd Mum;w,f/ ausmif;olawG tawmf'u k a© &mufNyD;? aMumufvefY aeMuw,fvUkd vnf; Mum;&ygw,f/ usaemfwUkd vnf; tdy&f mvdyaf wG? aowÅmawG? oH;k bD;eJY wifNyD; vSn;f wef;xJ rSm½Sw d hJ oli,fcsif;tdrf cPydUk xm;vdu k f ygw,f/ vlawGuawmh [dw k vnfvnf? onfwvnfvnf ygyJ/ rde;f uav;aqmifawGqv kd Qif rdbaqGrsKd ;rsm; vdu k v f mwJh oluawmh awmfao;wmaygh/ usew f hJ rde;f uav;awG cifrsm um;ac:ay;rJv h l r½Sd ypön;f ulo,fay;rJo h l r½S?d odord odod MuHK&m ausmif;om;rsm;udk tultnD awmif;Mu&wmaygh/ rGef;wnfhavmufwGifawmh trSwf (7) um;uvGJvdkU usefwJh um;awG yHkrSef jyefqGJMuygw,f/ eHygwf(7) um;udkvnf; tif;vsm;vrf; txdawmh qGJcGifhjyKkygw,f/ 'Dbufudkawmh? wuo tysuftpD;awG ½Sif;ae&vdkU 'grS r[kwv f nf; olwUkd vky&f yf vljrifrmS pd;k vdYk qufqcJG iG hf rjyKao;ygbl;/ 'DtBudr[ f m ausmif;u NAHKef;pm;BuD; ydwv f u kd w f m yxrqH;k ygyJ/ 'kua© &mufwmawmh rajymygeJaY wmh/ rqvtpd;k &vufxuf aemufvJ cPcP ausmif; awG ½kww f &uf ydwfwwfygw,f/ aemuftBudrfawGrSmawmh olwdkUu um;awG pDpOfay;wwf Muygw,f/ wcgwavrsm; ae&if; NrdKUta&muf &xm; tvum;pD;&wmawGawmif ½SdcJhygw,f/ naeusawmh zqyvu udjk rifah tmifBuD;wdn Yk t D pfuakd wG wdu k cf ef;yJjyefa&muf Muygw,f/ jyefcsif&ifvnf; blwmeJU eD;eD;? aecsifao;vJ pm;wmuvGJvdkY bmrQtm;emp&m r½Sd? n (7) em&DwGifawmh a&'D,dku Adkvfae0if;&JY wdu k ½f u dk f toHviT chf suf xGuaf y:vmygw,f/ usaemfwYkd rSv D u kd o f avmuf? Mum;vdu k o f avmuf...

or*¾ pmpOf 13

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

13

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

“uRefawmf wdkif;jynf wm0ef,lonfhtcsdefrSm wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;&JY pnf;rJhurf;rJh b0udk jyif&rJw h m0efyg usa&mufaevdkY wyfrawmf&UJ tiftm; wpdww f a'oudk oHk;í ajz½Si;f vdkuyf gonf” wJ.h .. “tck jzpfwJhudpö[m ausmif;om;udpö wckwnf; r[kwfyJ EkdifiHa&; tarSmifhya&m*rsm; zrf;pm;w,fqdkwm &dyfpm;rdygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkUudk tvkyfysufuGufatmif &nfpl;NyD; wrifvkyfaeMuw,f qdk&ifawmh uRefawmf aemufxyfbmrQ rajymvdkygbl;? "g;udk "g;csif; vSHudk vSHcsif; qdkifzdkYom½Sdygw,f” wJh/ a&'D,dkrS vQyfppfoHygwJh Adkvfae0if;&JU toHudkMum; vdkuf&NyD; usaemfwdkY wufacgufrd ygw,f/ ½kdif;pdkif; rdkufuef;vdkufonfh jzpfjcif;/ aMomf.. 'gwdkif;jynfudk wm0ef,lrJh acgif;aqmif wa,muf&JU ajympum;vm;? ausmif;om;awGudk "g;udk "g;csif;? vSHudk vSHcsif; wJ/h usaemfwdkYrSm "g;a0;vdkY ql;cRefawmif uGefygbl;xJu[myJ ½Sdygw,f/ 'gudk pufaoewfeJY ypfowf? rdkif;AHk;cGJ vkyfNyD;rS "g;udk"g;csif; vSHudkvSHcsif;wJhvm;.... "g;udk "g;csif;vSHudk vSHcsif; qdkwm? a½S;acwf ol&Jaumif;rsm; pD;csif;xdk;wJh[mrsdK;As/ tck cifAsm;BuD;u txufpD;uvnf; vkyfao;? vlrdkufpum;vnf; ajymao;? "g;udk "g;csif;vSHudk vSHcsif;wJhvm;.... usaemfh tonf;rSm 'Dpum;[m trSwftom; xifoGm;ygw,f/ usaemfwif r[kwfygbl;? "g;udk "g;csi;f vSu H kv d cHS si;f qdw k hJ pum; ½Spv f ;kH [m? usaemfwYkd acwfrmS 'grSr[kwf ajcmufq,fcEk pS f vGeyf ikd ;f ? vli,f ausmif;om;awG&UJ toJrmS tNrJemaerJh trSwt f om; jzpfaerSmrvGyJ g/ rMumcif wcsed rf mS awmh tJ't D oJu trSwt f om;udk rSww f rf;wifMu ygvdrfhr,f/ aMuatmifacsMuygvdrfhr,f..../ F

14 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

14

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

(5)

ausmif; ydwfxm;awmhvnf; tdrfrSm jyefae& jyefwmaygh/ tdrfrSmaepOf NyD;cJhwJh tjzpftysufawGudk jyefpOf;pm; Munfhrdygw,f/ Zlvdkif(7)&ufaeYu usaemf q&mOD;vSa½T tcef;a&mufcsdefrSm? tdrfom;awGwOD;rQr½SdyJ q&mwa,mufwnf; ½Sad eyHk? OD;vSa½Twlr&JY a,musfm; Adkvrf SL;eJY Adkvaf e0if;wdkY&JY qufqHa&;? tJonfaeYwke;f u &Ju AaqGav;udk vmzrf;NyD;? ausmif;om;awGudk qGJoGm;yHk? aemuf cPtMumrSm &JwyfzGJU0ifawG xyfa&muf vmNyD; ausmif;om;awGudk xyfqGJoGm;wmyHk? &JawGu olwdkUrEdkifawmhygbl; qdkNyD; csufjcif;yJ ppfwyfua&mufvmwmawG? ppfwyfuvnf; tqifoifh apmifhaeyHk awGeJU tJonfaeY naerSmyJ toHvTih½f kHrSm jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme ,m,D½kH;zGihNf yD; AdkvfrSL;BuD;ausmfpdk; ½kH;xdkifyHk owif;eJY tjzpftysufawGudk qufpyfNyD; pOf;pm; Munfhrdawmh Zlvdkif (7) &ufaeY ta&;tcif;[m trSwrf xif jzpfomG ;wm r[kwyf J BudKBudKwifwif jyifqif Zmwfwu kd x f m;ovdk jzpfaevdYk eD;pyfwo hJ rl sm;u wckck jzpfawmhrSmudk tuJcwfrd[ef (odkYr[kwf) BudKNyD;odae [efwdkUudk ½kyfvHk; ay:vmygw,f/ q&mOD;vSa½T tdrfrSm usaemf wuo bufu vSnfhjyefr,f qdkawmh q&mwm;wm[m? bmod bmom r[kwfwef&m? q&mOD;vSa½Tu usaemfhudk ajymwJhpum;awG xJrSm? ck tpdk;&u OD;Ekvdk r[kwfbl;vdkY ajymwmeJY? wuúodkvfOya' zsufwm rif;odvm;vdkY ar;wmawG? aemufNyD;usaemfhudk 'Dausmif;om;vSKyf½Sm;rSkawGxJrS m rygapcsifyHkwdkYrSm xl;jcm;aewmudk? tckrS usaemf wpdrfhpdrfh oabmayguf vmygw,f/ q&mh&JY yifudkp½kdufu ausmif;om; trsm;pkeJY qufpyfaygif;oif; vkyfudkifaqmif½Gufwmudk tm;ay;wwfygw,f/ wjcm; taqmifawGrSm vufrcHvdkwJh? wuoOuúX udkpdk;odrf;wdkY?udkcifarmiftkef;wdkY? awmxJu jyefvmwJh Auy vlxGuf udkoefYpif wdkYudk olYtaqmifrSm vufcHygw,f/ 'guolUoabmxm; trSefyg/ onfvdk q&mrsdK;u rif;0ifrvkyfeJYuGmvdkY wm;wm? usaemf wuo buf jyefroGm;jzpfatmif vkyfcJhwm taMumif;½SdvdkY jzpfrSmayghvdkY usaemf cefYrSef;rd vmygw,f/ 'DaeYrSm wyfu tMurf;udkifr,f qdkwm BudKwif odaevdkUvnf;? olUtdrfom;awG wjcm;ydkYxm;wm jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY awG;rdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Zlvdkif (7) &uf ta&;tcif;[m rawmfwq r[kwfyg/ pHepfwus BudKwif jyifqifa&;qGJxm;onfh wdkufcdkuf acsrSLef;a&; tpDtpOf w&yfom jzpfygw,f/ w&m;0if aMujimwJh aoolpm&if;[m (16) OD;eJU 'gPf&m&ol (41) OD; jzpfygw,f/ aemuf ESpfrSm usaemfwYkd pm&if;aumuf Munfah wmh tjynft h pHk r[kwf ao;wm awmif (114) OD; ½Syd gw,f? 'gPf&m&ol pm&if;uvnf; (100) ausmf ygw,f/ 'gPf&m&oleUJ aool rwdr;f r,dr;f ½Sad ewmudk Munf&h if ypfuwnf;u oufoufñm§ ñ§mypfwm r[kwb f ;l qdw k m aocsmygw,f/ Adkvfae0if; eef;qif;rdefYcGef;rSm ajymovdk ypf&if rdk;ay:axmifrypfbl;? rSefatmifyJ ypfw,f qdkwJh pum; odyfrSefygw,f/ F

or*¾ pmpOf 15

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

15

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

(6)

wvavmuf ausmif;ydwfxm;NyD; ausmif;jyefzGifhzdkY wmplygw,f/ a&'D,dkuaeNyD; ausmif;om;yDozkdY? ausmif;olyDyD ,Of,Ofaus;aus; 0wfqifzkdY? tqdkawmf rif;aemifeJY csppf y,fwkdYukd toHk;csygw,f/ rif;aemif&JU wuúokdvaf usmif;ol wOD;[m oDcsi;f aumif; wpfyk'yf g/ tqdkausmf rif;aemifuvnf; usaemfwkdY wuúokdvu f kdom olra&mufcJhwm? olYukd ausmif;om;tkyfpkvdkyJ oabmxm; Muygw,f/ Nidr;f csrf;a&;vSKUH aqmfocD sif; awGrmS ? udjk rwfav;? udck spfaqG? udak v;ñGe?Yf rmrmat;wdeYk t YJ wl olwYkd vifr,m; ygcJMh uwmyJ/ tckvkd tcsed rf sKd ;rSmawmh olY wuúov kd af usmif;olwOD;[m usaemfwUkd em;rSm cg;oD;vSygw,f/ csppf yH ,fqw kd hJ wuúodkvfausmif;om;oDcsif;vnf; onfvdkygyJ/ usaemfwdkY em;r0ifygbl;/ ay:vpDoDcsif;awG jzpfaevdkUyg/ ausmif;jyefzGifhygNyD? taqmifpnf;urf;rsm; wif;usyfvSygw,f/ ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwfoif; rsm;udk jyefvnfzUJG pnf;cGihf ay;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh zGUJ pnf;yHk ajymif;oGm;ygw,f/ taqmifrLS ;eJY vufaxmuf taqmifrLS ; awGu em,utjzpf? o[m,ESifh pmzwfoif; trSLaqmiftzGJUrSm ygvmygw,f/ trSLaqmiftpnf;ta0;awGrSm olwdkYygwufNyD; bmrvkyfeJY bmvkyf qdkwmrsdK;awG ½Sdvmygw,f/ onfvkd tajctae awG ½Sad yrJv h nf; ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;eJY wuúov D m jruRef;om ruGaJ o;ygbl;/ naewdik rf mS cspfoal wGuvnf; tif;vsm;uefapmif;u ajreD vrf;uav;awGay:rSm vGwv f w G v f yfvyf vrf;avQmuf Edik yf gao;w,f/ wuúov kd &f YJ naecif; tvStyawG tif;vsm;uefabmif wm½k;d BuD;ay:rSm vrf;avQmuf&wJh t&om awG[m rysufao;ygbl;/ rif;aemifeJY cspfpHy,f&JY oDcsif;awGom acwfrpm;wm wGHaw;odef;wef&JU cspf&uf½Snf½Snf tif;vsm;ajr oDcsif;uawmh onftcsdefrSm acwfpm;vSygw,f/ tJonf tcsdefrSmyJ wifwifjr&JU w0*lrS*DwoH oDcsif;udk pmom;ajymif;NyD; qdkxm;wJh? ,leD,Ha[mif; wae&m oDcsif;[m? wdwfwcdk; ausmfMum;vmygw,f/ uHtajcrGJyHkrSm__ toJemp&mta&;&,fu___ tNrJpmemrawG;olaMumifh__ awGU&avonf_ qef;waxGvm___ &mZmrif;w&m;___ ausmif;om;rdkUjzifh__ b,fvkdrSvnf;__ rowfírjzpfyg___ uav;awGyifjzpfvifu h pm;__ ajymr&avu__ a'gyGaeonfrmS ___ &mZ*kPaf rmufwrhJ if;__ wif;__ onftcsdefcg___ aevdkvvdkbkef;orÇmt&ifhtrm___ igvdkrif;rS__'if;wdkUurmefzDvm___ ausmif;ajrwvif;jyifxufrSmaojim;__ aoewfeJUypfwm__ ausmif;om;awGrSm twHk;t½kH;ao½Sm___ a'gol y k e f y G m ;um__ ausmif ; om;,l e D , H B uD ; ud k N zd K wm___ urÇ m &ef t NrJ o m__ aMomf _ __ toJ__toJem___ wif w if j r&J Y a usmf M um;vS w J h o D c sif ; rd k Y v nf ; pmom;ajymif ; íoD q d k v d k u f z d k U vG , f y gw,f / t"dygÜ ,fvnf;wcgwnf;wef;ay:vmygw,f/ oifBuHKBudKufvdkYa&mufwJhtcg___ vmMunfhprf;yg___ ,leD,Ha[mif;wpfae&m___ wuúokdvw f kdUausmif;wpfae&m___ roJruGJ½SNd rJ½Srd Sm___ oJoJuGJuGJ½SNd rJ½Srd Sm___ aoG;uGuaf wGvnf; w0ufwysu_f __ qufvuf½OdS ;D rSm__ zufqpfe,fajr oifazG½mS ___ ,le, D aH [mif; tJonfwae&m___

16 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

16

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

wuúov kd &f yd o f mvrf;rBuD;rSbUJG ESi;f obifoYkd OD;wnf&m? t"dywdvrf;rBuD;\ t0if0oHwcH g;BuD;udk ausmf vdu k v f Qiyf if rEÅav;aqmif\ a½Sw Y nfw h nfh vrf;nmbufjcrf;wGif 0ef;cwfxm;aom uGuv f yfBf uD;wck ½Sad eygw,f/ t0if txGuf wHcg;ESpfckeJY wHcg;awG&JUa½SUrSm tkwfcHkav; ESpfckpDvnf; ½Sdygw,f/0if;xJrSmawmh ausmufwdkifvdkvdk tkwfcHk jrifjh rifah v; wck ½Syd gw,f/ tJwmuawmh Adv k af tmifausmf aMu;½kyx f w k ifzUkd tkwcf ykH g? onfaemufrmS awmh jrufcif;jyif uGuv f yfBuD;? ,le, D aH [mif;wae&mqdw k m onfuu G v f yfBuD; ygyJ/ [dk . . aemufbufrmS awmh wuúov kd pf wif wnf axmifpESpfu? w½kwfolaX;BuD; csifacsmcdkif aqmufvkyf vSL'gef;cJhwJh w½kwfyHkpH wuúodkvftm;upm;½kHBuD;yJ ½Sdaeyg awmhw,f/ [dkwkef;uawmh tm;upm;½kHeJY ,leD,H (wuo taqmufttHk) Mum;rSm jrufcif;jyif ½SdvdkY? 1956 ckESpf urÇmaY usmif;om; (IUS)aeY usif;ypOfu tm;upm;½ko H nf bufrsufEmS pm½Sd ZmwfcpkH ifjrifah y:rSm uyGaJ wG ujycJw h mudk jrifa,mif vmygw,f/ taqmuftOD ESpcf k Mum; jrufcif;jyifwiG f xdik cf akH wGcsum y&dowfukd ae&may;NyD; tm;upm;½kH bufuae ,le, D b H ufukd vSnu hf mujycJMh uygw,f/ pE´&m;cspaf qGeYJ ½ky½f iS 'f g½ku d w f m rif;om;udjk rwfav;wk?Yd OD;aqmif wJh 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk bJav;rSm? udk,fwdkif0ifa&muf o½kyfaqmifcJh&wmvnf; trSwf&vmygw,f/ 'dkYtcGifhta&; 'kdYomwdkufrnf___rkcs atmifyGJ odrf;cHrnf____ 1300 jynfh atmifyGJ oDcsif; tqHk;ydk'fav;udk Mum;a,mif vmygw,f/ &wemaqmifrS ausmif;olav;rsm; udk,fwdkif vljyufvkyfNyD; ucJhMuwJh? tNidrfhcrf;rSm__ a½Tjynfawmf Nidr;f csr;f a&;&JY_ bufawmfolBuD;a&__ usrav0ifh0ifhvQrf;wJh_ odyÜHysKd jzLar__ b0tajcqifhqifh vSr;f cJhoav___ pcef;opfudk arQmfwmMumNyDav__ tem*gwfArmajy__ yef;wdkif;yGifhMu ygapav___ qdkwJh tNidrfhoDcsif;eJY tu udkvnf; Mum;a,mif jrifa,mifrdygw,f/ yef;wdkif; yGifhMuygapvdkY tNidrfhorav;u qkawmif; oGm;cJhayrJh yef;wdkYa
or*¾ pmpOf 17

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

17

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

aemufayguf avSum;

rD;zdkcef;

aumf&pf'g

pm;aomufqkdif

aumf&pf'g aMumifvrd f avSum;

owif;pmrsm; xm;onfhtcef;

wHcg; t0ifavScg;

aumf&pf'g tdrw f Gi;f tm;upm;cef;

aumf&pf'g oefUpif cef;

wuotaqmuftOD (atmufxyf)

qHyifñ§yq f kdif

pau;udkufr[kwfyg

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

18

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

Adkvcf sKyfatmifqef;yHk yef;csu D m;

18 or*¾ pmpOf

armifrek ;f atmif

rvG,af ygufavSum; rD;cdk;acgif;wdkif

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

aumf&pf'g

tpnf;ta0;cef;r

aumf&pf'g

wuotaqmuftOD (tay:xyf)

pifjrifh OuúXtcef;

oefUpif cef;

twGi;f a&;rSL; tcef;

aumf&pf'g

avSum; ae&m

aumf&pf'g

pmMunfw h ku d f

aumf&pf'g

pau;udkufr[kwfyg

aumf&pf'g

or*¾ pmpOf 19

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

19

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

0ifvu kd &f ifawmh aumf&pfwmpMuFv H rf;udk awGU&r,f/ 'DpMuFu H awmufa½Smufyg/ b,fbufukd or*¾pm;aomufqidk ?f rD;zdkcef;txdeJY nmbufrSm or*¾qHyifñSyfqdkiftxd½Sdygw,f/ atmufxyfudk ig;ydkif;cGJxm;ygw,f? b,fbufu p&iftpGefqHk;rSm ayig;q,f ayoHk;q,f cefYus,frnfh rD;zdkcef;? tJonfaemuf ESpfbuf aumf&pfwm½SdwJh tvsm;ay ajcmufq,f? teH ayav;q,fcefY½SdNyD;? qufwD tjrifh yHpk H av;a,mufxikd f pm;yGu J v k m;xdik f pHk 12 pHck efY (vl ig;q,favmuf wNydKifwnf; oufawmifo h ufom xdik Ef idk rf nf) qefUwJh or*¾pm;aomufqikd cf ef;? tJ'aD emuf owif;pmrsm;xm;wJt h cef;? aemuf or*¾trd w f iG ;f tm;upm;cef;? 'Daemuf rSm rD;zkdavmufyJus,fwJh bBuD;uHodef;&JU or*¾qHyifñSyfqdkif ½Sdygw,f/ 'gu atmufxyf&JY taetxm;yg/ tv,f0ifayguf avSum;cef;&JUb,fbufrmS ½Sw d hJ aMumifvrd f avSum;u wufvu kd &f if tay:xyfa&mufomG ; ygw,f/ atmufxyf oefpY ifcef;&JY tay:wnfw h nfrh mS tay:xyf oefpY ifcef;yg/ avSum;u wufNyD; wnfw h nfo h mG ;&if ½Spaf yavmuf us,fNyD; ayoH;k q,favmuf ½Snw f hJ aumf&pf'gudak &mufomG ;ygw,f/ b,fbufrmS awmh vl½pS &f mqefY tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;yg/ txJrSm av;a,mufxdkifaemufrSDeJYcHk½SnfawGudk tv,fvloGm;vrf;csefNyD; tcef;jynfhcif; xm; ygw,f/ cef;rudk 0if0ifcsif; b,fbufrmS awmh waycefY jrifw h hJ q,fay ayESpq f ,favmuf us,fwhJ pifjrifah y:rSm pm;yGBJ uD; wckeYJ OuúX ukvm;xdik f csxm;ygw,f/ OuúXukvm;xdik q f w kd m oD;oefyY g/ aemufrDS tjrifBh uD; tay:ydik ;f rSm cGyfa'gif;yHkaz:xm;wJh ukvm;xdkif tBuD;pm;BuD;yg/ tpnf;ta0;cef;&JU taemufbuf rsufESmpmeJY ajrmufbuf rsufEmS pmrSm aumf&pf'g tus,fBuD;awG ½Syd g w,f/ 'D LyHpk H aumf&pf'grSmawmh xdik cf akH wG r½Syd g/ 'gayrJh tpnf;ta0;rSm vlrsm;vm &if txJrmS xdik Ef ikd w f hJ ta&twGuaf vmufyJ tjyifaumf&pf'grSm &yfem;axmifEikd yf gw,f/ trd;k vnf;½Sw d ,f/ tpnf;ta0;cef;eJY aumf&pf'g ESpcf Mk um;rSm rSew f cH g;awG tjynfah vmufe;D eD;wyfxm;wmrdYk tjyify&dwo f wfu txJukd jrifEdkifygw,f/ tv,fvrf;u aumf&pf'ga&mufwt hJ cg nmbufrmS OuúXtcef;eJY twGi;f a&;rSL;tcef; ESpcf ef; ½Syd gw,f/ onfESpfcef;qHk;awmh aumf&pf'gqHk;NyD; pmMunfhwdkufcef;r t0ifwHcg;udk wnfhwnfh a&mufygw,f/ onfpmMunfh wdu k cf ef;uvnf; tpnf;ta0;cef;ravmufyJ us,Nf yD; ppfrjzpfru D Edik if aH &; pmtkyt f pHq k ;kH vdYk emrnfBuD;wJh pmMunfw h u kd f yg/ ppftwGi;f rSm pmtkyrf sm;eJY AD½adk wG ysufp;D oGm;vkYd 1957 ckEpS f avmufrmS rS tJ't D csdeu f 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek OD;aqmifNyD; pmMunfw h u kd f jyefvnfxal xmifzYkd &efyakH iG tajrmuftjrm;vSLcJNh yD; pmMunfw h u kd t f opf jyefvyk f jzpfygw,f/ onftcef;&JY taemufbufeJY awmifbufrSmvnf; tpnf;ta0;cef;r&JY tjyifrSmvdk LyHk aumf&pf'gus,f ½Sdygw,f/ rsufESmpm ESpb f ufukd vSnv hf aYkd ygh/ ppfBudKacwf 'grSr[kwf vGwv f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rSKacwfu ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm; 'Dor*¾xrJ mS b,fvkd vSKyf½Sm;oGm;vm aexdkifcJhMuw,f qdkwmawmh rrDSvdkufyg/ wcgw&HbBuD;uHodef;udk ar;MunfhrS 0dk;w0g; od&wwf ygw,f/ 1952 ckESpf u 1962 ckESpf q,fpkESpftwGif;rSmawmh or*¾eJY tqufrjywfcJhwJhtjyif udk,fwdkifyif 0dnmOf wG,fcJh&wmrdkY or*¾&JY o½kyfudk zrf;rdqkyfudkifrdygw,f/ 1952 ckEpS u f usaemfuz&uf½mS yg/ or*¾taqmufttHx k u J kd r&Jw&J0if&ygw,f/ taqmufttH&k YJ t[efY uvnf; tBuD;om;/ tJ't D csed u f atmufxyf½dS tdrw f iG ;f rSK tm;upm;cef;xJrmS NrdKx Y u J pmtkyq f ikd cf w JG ck zGix hf m;ygw,f/ ausmif;oH;k pmtkyaf wGukd tJonfrmS 0,fEikd yf gw,f/ t*Fvyd u f jym; trsdK;orD;wOD;u qdik x f ikd yf gw,f/ z&uf½mS ESprf mS pmtkyfoGm;0,fwmyg/ tJ'DwbDtD;'kef;uausmif;om;wdkif; bGJUESif;obif½kH;rSm oGm;NyD; syllabus qdkwJh twef;wdkif; bmom&yftvdkuf pmtkyfpm&if; oGm;awmif;&if tvum;ay;vdkufygw,f/ tJ'D pm&if;pm½GufudkifNyD; pmtkyfqdkifxJ

20 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

20

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

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or*¾ pmpOf 21

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

21

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

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22

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

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or*¾ pmpOf 23

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8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

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24

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

ajy;Mu wOD;eJUwOD; xdrdcdkufrdawmh jzpfMuwmaygh/ onftxJ y@may;csifvdkU ,leDazgif;eJU&mxl; wHqdyftBuD;BuD; wyfvmwJh 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD;awG? AdkvfrSL;BuD; awGvnf; ukvm;xdkifeJY ½kdufwmavmufawmh cHMu&wmaygh/ q&mxJu a'gufwmarmifarmifcwd?Yk OD;ausmf&ifw?Ykd OD;vSa½TwUkd u tpxJu ausmif;om;awGcspfwhJ q&mawGrUkd olwUkd yJ ausmif;om; xJ 0ifxed ;f vdUk &w,f/ awmfawmf z½kzd &JjzpfwhJ Mum;u tjcm;q&mawGvnf; ud, k ef YJ ygwfouf&m ausmif;om;awGukd qGJvGJac:MueJY em&D0uf avmuftwGif; tJonfvrf;ay:rSm um;BuD; um;i,f ½Sif;oGm;ygw,f/ Mu,fyGifhjyum; oHk;av;pD;avmuf? rD;cdk;aiGUawGeJU usef&pfw,f/ pdwfrauseyfwJh ausmif;om;wcsdKUu tif;vsm;vrf;xGuw f hJ vluxGuf jynfvrf; xGuw f v hJ u l xGuNf yD; vrf;ay:rSmawGw Y ?hJ ppfprd ;f a&mifum;awGukd cJawGeUJ aygufMu? oxHak qmifjyefwhJ ausmif;om;eJY tr&aqmifjyefwhJ ausmif;om;u t½Sed rf aoao;yJ wuúov kd &f yd o f mvrf; ay:u ppfprd ;f um;awGukd cJeyYJ pfaeMuvdUk aAgufp0f uf*eG f aygifru YkH m; wpD;arSmuf oGm;ygw,f/ txJuvlawGuawmh '½kid b f muvGv J Ukd t&yfom;awGyg/ '½kid b f muawmh ajcukeo f w k af wmhwmaygh um;uawmh xH;k pHtwdik ;f "r®m½kaH ½SUem;rSm rD;½SUdk cHvu kd &f ygw,f/ tJonf Ed0k ifbm (21)&ufaeY nrSmawmh tmPmydik rf sm;u wuúov kd ef ,fajrudk ppfum;&Jum; t0iftxGuf rvky&f wJh oD;oefeY ,fajr (out of bound) tjzpf aMujimvdu k yf gw,f/ &JEiS &hf u J m;? ppfom;ESihf ppfum; r0if&awmhb;l qdak wmh? ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; jyefvnfaMujim vdu k yf gw,f/ “vGwaf jrmufaome,fajr” vd?Yk pmwdu k ef UJ aq;½kH Mum;u qm[mukwf bwÅvm puG, J m;udv k nf; “&ifjyife”D vdkU aMujim vdkufMuygawmhw,f/ F

or*¾ pmpOf 25

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

25

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

(7)

oif B uH K Bud K uf v d k Y a &muf w J h t cg___ vmMunf h p rf ; yg___ ,l e D , H a [mif ; wpf a e&m___ wuúodkvfwdkUausmif;wae&m___ roJruGJ½SdNrJ½SdrSm___ oJoJuGJuGJ½SdNrJ½SdrSm___ aoG;uGufawGvnf; w0ufwysu_f __ qufvuf½OdS ;D rSm__ zufqpfe,fajr oifazG½mS ___ ,le, D aH [mif; tJonfwae&m___ 'DocD sif;[m tckawmh vGwaf jrmufaom e,fajrjzpfNyDrUkd us,fus,favmifavmif ay:vmygw,f/ oDcsif;u pmom;wyd'k f pum;ajymwyd'k f qdw k rhJ ed ;f uav; uvnf; wifwifjrtoHeUJ tawmfwyl gw,f/ tckacwfvkd uufqufacG acwfom qdk&ifa&mif; aumif;vdkufrJhjzpfjcif;? wdwfacGacwfqdkawmh us,fus,favmifavmif zGifhEdkifayrJh us,fus,f jyefUjyefY rjzefjY zL;Edik yf g/ 'gayrJh onfocD sif;u wifwifjr&JY qdak ygufajymayguftwdik ;f wlveG ;f awmh tmPmydik rf sm;u wifwifjr&JU w0*lrSoDcsif;oHudk jrefrmhtoHrSm rvTifhawmhyJ ydwfypfvdkuf&wJh txdygyJ/ ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;ajrusc&hJ wJh tjzpfukd jyefvnfpyfqx kd m;wJh uAsmpmtkyaf wGuvnf; þvGwaf jrmufaom e,fajrtwGif; rSmawmh vGwfvGwfvyfvyf a0iS jzefYcsDvmEdkifygw,f/ aMujimpmwrf;rsm;vnf; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf a0iSEdkifygw,f/ taqmifpnf;urf; qdkwmawGvnf; trIdufjcif;xJ a&mufukefygNyD/ wuoudk jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&ef BudK;pm;Muygw,f/ onfrmS aqG;aEG;p&m½Sv d mygw,f/ t&ifEpS f or*¾OuúXudAk aqGav;eJUJ trIaqmiftcsdKU rvGwaf o; wcsKv Yd nf; a½Smifwrd ;f aeMuqJ wcsKd Uuawmh rqv ygwD0ifawmif avQmufxm;NyD; jzpfaeawmh or*¾a[mif;udak usmNf yD; topfzUJG zdUk aumif;raumif; zGUJ &ifvnf; tckrqv0ifzYkd avQmufxm;wJh olawGu trIaqmifa[mif;taeeJU w&m;r0if bl;vdkU xaMunmEdkifw,f/ 'DawmhaemufqHk;rSm vuf½Sdo[m,ESifh pmzwfoif;rsm;udk pkpnf;NyD; o[m,ESifh pmzwfoif;rsm; tzGJUcsKyfudk zGJUpnf;vdkufMuygw,f/ onftzGJUcsKyfuyJ or*¾jyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&;? or*¾trIaqmif a[mif;rsm; jyefvw T af y;a&;? zrf;xm;wJh ausmif;om;rSeo f rQ jyefvw T af y;a&; 'gPf&m&vdUk aq;½kw H ufae&wJh ausmif;om; rsm; aq;½ku H qif;&if ausmif;jyef0ifciG &hf a&; aq;½krH mS pmar;yGaJ jza&;? qdw k mawGukd awmif;qdw k hJ aMunmpmwrf; xGu&f wmaygh/ onfawmif;qdck suef UJ vIy½f mS ;rIukd aeUausmif;om;awGuvnf; axmufcv H mMuwmaMumifh tzGUJ udk wd;k csUJ NyD; t*Fvyd v f kd Action Committee Armvdk ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;umuG,rf kSaumfrwDvUkd trnfwyf zGUJ pnf;vdu k yf gw,f/ hJ mudk 1952-53 u ausmif;om;or*¾ r½Sw d ek ;f atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;wdu k yf u JG kd tuf½iS af umfrwD trnfeUJ vkycf w erlem,lNyD; vkyw f myg/ ausmif;pmoifEpS v f nf; NyD;qH;k umeD;vmNyD pmar;yGt J wGuf BudKwifjyifqifrrkS sm;vnf; vkyMf u&NyD? aeUn rtm; pmusufMu&NyDaygh/naeydik ;f rSm acgif;aq;tanmif;ajy vrf;avQmufNyD;&if pm;yGx J ikd f pmusufqw kd m[m b,f tcdsefrmS bmawGyv J yk cf v hJ yk cf hJ onftcsderf mS awmh ausmif;om;awG&UJ zifNrJ&rJt h csdeaf ygh/ naebuf vrf;avQmuf&if t"dywdvrf;udk a&mufMuygw,f/ naeydkif;rsm;rSm t"dywdvrf;[m ESpfwdkif;xuf ydkpnfum; aeovm;vdkUawmif xif&ygw,f/ wuoae&mudk trSwfw&yJ vmvmMunfhaeMua&mhovm;/ 1956ckESpfu wuozGJUpnf;cJhwm (25) ESpfajrmufjzpfvdkU wuoaiG &wkobif usif;ycJhMuwmawGudk jyefvnf jrifa,mifvmrdygw,f/ tJ'w D ek ;f u yGv J rf;obifawGu t"dywdvrf;rwavQmufeUJ 0dZmÆ cef;ra½SU jrufcif;jyif onfae&mawG[m yGcJ if;aygh/ tJonfpifawGay:rSm wifwhJ ZmwfawG[m wuo tay:xyfrmS Zmwfwu kd f Muwmaygh/

26 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

26

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

tay:buf pmMunfw h u kd cf ef;bufrmS pE´,m;BuD;wvH;k csNyD; oDcsif;wdu k Mf u tuawG oifMueJU pnfum;cJh wmawGu?dk jrifa,mifMum;a,mifvmygw,f/ “½Tif`rl;?½Tif`rl;__ MunfEl;aysmfap&m?___ om,m_om,m__ at;jrum__ yGJ_ yGJawmfrSm__ ETJ__ ETJaysmfum_ _'dkUor*¾&JU aiG&wkobifrSm______” xdkpOfu om,mcJhygbdcsif; armifarmifñGefU (rif;vSñGefY~ul;) wa,muf aiG&wkobif pmapmifxkwf&ef acgif;pkwfzGm; em;½Guf um;um;uav;jzifh tvkyf½SkyfaeyHk . . . AaqGav;uvnf; ydkpwma&;&ef puúLxkwfBuD; csxm;wmudk [dkvlu vufwnfhprf; onfvlu vufwnfhprf;eJU (3) &ufavmuftwGif; w0ufavmuf avvGifh ukefwmudk yGpdyGpd jzpfaewmrsm; . . . þor*¾\ aMumifvrd af vSum;rSm wufumqif;um ysm;yef;cyfvyI ½f mS ;cJMh uwJh ausmif;om;ausmif;olawG or*¾vbuf&nfqikd rf mS pka0;í vbuf&nfaomuf&if; jiif;MucHMk uonfrsm;udk aemifb,ftcgrsm;rS awGU&awmhrmS vJ/ wuúodkvf pmoifESpf ukefumeD; Edk0ifbm 'DZifbmvydkif;awGrSm taqmifwdkif;vdkvdkyif pyg,f½S,f'ifem ac: npmxrif;pm;yGJ BuD;rsm; wcrf;wem; usif;yMuygw,f/ tpm;taomuf tvQHty,f uyGJrsm; tNidrfhrsm;eJY {nfch MH uygw,f/ tJ'yD rJG sKd ;rSm rdrd taqmifom;rsm;omr[kwf rdwaf qGo*F[rsm; udzk w d Mf um;vdyk gu owfrw S Ef KS ef;xm;eJU zdwpf mu'fjym;rsm; 0,f,zl w d Mf um;Edik yf gw,f/ o[m,ESiphf mzwfoif;u txl;zdwMf um;wJh {nfo h nfrsm;vnf; ½Syd gw,f/ rdrdwdkUtaqmifESifh ruif;&mruif;aMumif; q&mq&mrrsm;? wjcm; taqmiftoD;oD;&JU o[m,ESifh pmzwfoif; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; wuorS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm txl;{nfo h nfawG jzpfygw,f/taqmifraeyJ aeUausmif;om;tjzpf ausmif;wufayrJh tdrrf jyefMuyJ or*¾rmS yJ pkNyD;bdik u f saeolawG ½Syd gw,f/ tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vfawG[m onfvkd xrif;pm;yGrJ sdK; awGrSm 0wfaumif;pm;vSawG qif,ifMuNyD; wcsdKUvnf; olrsm;qDu iSm;0wfMuNyD; oufqdkif&m xrif;pm;yGJrsm;udk pka0;oGm;MuyHrk sm;eJU onfvkd vlpu k kd awGU&if olu, kd w f ikd f yg&ifyg ryg&ifawmh AaqGav;wa,muf or*¾tay:xyf 0&HwmuaeNyD; “,leD,H__ tiwfwyfBuD;__ csDwufvmygNyD__” vdkY 1300jynfhatmifyGJ oDcsif;xJu “a&eHajr__ oydwfwyfBuD;__ csDwufvmygNyD__” qdkwJh tvdkufudk zsufqdkum oa&mf aemufajymifyHkrsm;udkvnf; wa&;a&; jrifa,mifrdygw,f/ ykord u f udo k ed ;f [HBuD; wa,muf or*¾pm;a&; tvkyrf eS o f rQ tukev f yk Nf yD; vufEydS pf uf wacsmuf acsmuf ½ku d &f m or*¾twGi;f a&;rSL;tcef;udv k nf; trSww f &½Sv d yS gonf/ “tdk;pnfAHkarmif;oHawGom__ a&mif0g_ a0qm_ xGef;awmuf vif;vdkYjzm__ ½TifpGm__ pOfvm___ nDnmnmjzjz wdkYor*¾&JU_ aiG&wkobifrSm__” or*¾a½SU½Sd Adkvfatmifausmf aMu;½kyfxm;&m ausmufwdkifteD; tvHwdkifü teDa&mifatmufcHwGif t0g a&mifjc,f puf0dkif;twGif;rS ½kef;xGufaeaom cGyfa'gif;yHko@mefESifh ausmif;om;or*¾tvH wvlvlvGifhaecJhwm onftvHeYJ ausmufcu kH ykd wfNyD; ykP&Ö yd yf ifawGa½SUrSm av;aypDjcm;NyD; a&mifpt kH vHawG wvlvv l iG ahf ecJw h hJ jrifuiG ;f awG... AuonDvmcH 'grSr[kwf wuúodkvfeJY aumvdyfaygif;pHk nDvmcHawG½Sd&if e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm; vm wJhtcg onfor*¾rSmyJ wnf;cdkem;aecJhwmygyJ/ tay:xyfpmMunfh wdkufcef;eJY tjyifbuf aumf&pf'g atmufxyf tm;upm;cef;awG[m e,fausmif;om;awG tda`E´&& wnf;cdkaeEdkifwJhae&mawGjzpfygw,f/ vma&muf em;aeMuwJh e,fausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; *kP, f 0l
or*¾ pmpOf 27

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

27

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

BuD;rm;vSygw,f/ ordik ;f vnf;BuD;rm;vSygw,f/ nbufaqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;udv k nf; 'Dor*¾&UJ tay:xyfrmS rD;wxdex f ed ef UJ usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/ or*¾OuúXa[mif;OD;Ek (xdkpOfu0efBuD;csKyf)[m wcgw&H eHeufvrf;avQmuf&if; or*¾bufodkY a&mufvm&if OD;uHodef;udkEdSK;NyD; vSnfhvnfMunfhwwfygw,f/ tJvdk vSnfhMunfh&if; or*¾pmMunfhwdkuf jyefvnf wnfaqmufzdkU rwnfaiGrsm; vSL'gef;cJh½kHru wjcm;tvSL½SifawGqDuvnf; aiGawmfawmfrsm;rsm; aumufcHay;cJhzl; ygw,f/ jrefrmhordik ;f 0if &Jabmfo;kH udsyf&YJ acgif;aqmif[m wuoOuúXa[mif; udak tmifqef;yg/ &Jabmfo;kH udsyf0if Adv k v f ufsmwdk Adv k af Z,swYkd Adv k &f efEikd w f q Ykd w kd mvnf; onfwuo&JY trIaqmifa[mif;awGaygh/ jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;twGuf vIyf½Sm;rI tpnf;ta0;wcsdKUudk onf or*¾y&0kPfrSmyJ trsm;tjym; usif;ycJhygw,f/ Armhvw G v f yfa&; Adou k mawGukd onfwuouyif arG;xkwcf w hJ myg/ “atmf..txufA[dku? ysufNydKvdkUuscJhwJh? ueufA[dkyv’if vufpt
28 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

28

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

ud, k pf m;vS,af wGukd ac:uwnf;u tm;vH;k 0dik ;f aqG;aEG;Muygw,f/ Adv k rf LS ;BuD;oef;pdeef UJ awGUzdYk ud, k pf m;vS,f ig;OD;vdYk xifygw,f a½G;cs,fcyhJ gw,f/ olwYkd b,fvt kd ajctaeeJY qufq&H rvJrodyg bmac:aqG;aEG;r,fvnf; rod yg usaemfwYkd useaf usmif;om;rsm;u olwt Ykd jyefukd tpkta0;rysuf &ifwrreJY apmifah eMu&ygw,f/ naevnf;apmif; vmNyD aeUausmif;om;awGukd tpkta0;rysufxm;&ef tcsdev f eG v f mygNyD usaemfwYkd wckcv k yk Mf ur,fvYkd pOf;pm;Muyg w,f/ onftcsdeu f srS ud, k af wmfacsmwdu Yk jyefa&mufvmMuygw,f/ olwt Ykd zGUJ Adv k rf LS ;BuD;eJaY wGUwm tawmftoifh ajyvnfwmrdkY [dkifpGrf0ifNyD; atmifyGJcHaeowJh/ usaemfwdkU usefwJholrsm;uawmh olwdkYrjyef&if wckck vkyfawmhrvdkY jyifqif pOf;pm;aeMuygNyD/ Adv k rf LS ;BuD;oef;pde&f UJ pum;t& or*¾taqmuftODwck wu,fyJ jyefaqmufay;rSmvm;[k usaemfwYkd vli,f rsm;yDyD taumif;jrifMunfMh uygw,f/ usaemfwUkd bufu rlvtaqmuftOD yHpk t H wdik ;f vdck siw f ,fvUkd ajymcJMh uavawmh rlvyHpk &H zdUk tufpw f w d t f if*sife, D m (Estate Engineer)½k;H rSm oGm;pHpk rf;MunfMh uygw,f/ onf½;Hk u wuúov kd f y&0kPf wckvHk;&JY ajratmufa&ydkuf a&ajrmif;vrf;eJY a&qdk;ydkufawG&JU yHkpHawG½Sdovdk taqmuftODwdkif;&JY aqmufvkyfa&; yHpk aH wG xde;f odr;f xm;&wmyg/ tJ . .tckppkH rf;Munfah wmh wuotaqmuftODypkH zH ikd f aysmufq;kH aeygowJ/h r½Sad wmhyg/ tb,faMumifh aysmufqHk;&ovJ usaemfwdkY rauseyfEdkifyg/ jzpfEikd o f nfrmS wuotaqmufttHu k kd rdik ;f cGzJ sufq;D cJo h rl sm;[m onf½;Hk u yHpk u H ykd g odr;f ,l tpazsmuf vdkufMu[efwlygw,f/ ppfwyfu acsrSLef;a&;qdkwm onfvdkygvm;/ tpte rusefap&yg/ udpör½Sdyg/ bDtdkifwD (aemuftmtdkifwD? aemuf0dkiftdkifwD? aemufawmhbmrSef;rodawmh) ausmif;om;rsm;u onfavmufawmh wm0ef,l Edik yf gw,fvUkd qdyk gw,f/ aemufawmhvnf; tufpw f w d t f if*sife, D m½k;H uyif rdwLÅ wck ul;,lxm;vdu k w f ,fvYkd vQdKU0Suf owif;ay;vmygw,f/ aqmufcGifh&zdkUu t"duusefudpörsm;u olUtydkif;ESifhol ulnDMurSmudk ,HkMunf&½kHrQomru tm;&auseyf ESpfodrfhMu&ygw,f/ onf&ufawGtwGi;f rSmyJ or*¾taqmufttHjk zdKzsuf&mrSm wm0ef½o dS w l pfO;D jzpfwhJ Adv k af tmifBuD; wa,muf awmfveS af &;aumifpu D ESKwfxu G w f ,fvYkd aMujimcsuf xGuv f mygw,f/ ordik ;f 0iftaqmufttHu k kd aus;Zl;uef; zsufq;D olwOD; yxrqH;k ordik ;f 'gPfcyfc&H wmygyJ paum½ku d f oHy;kH wD;ay;vdu k ½f aHk ygh/ aemufvnf; vmMuOD;rSmyg/ 'DvdkeJYyJ rwfvpmar;yGJrsm; ajzqdkcdsefxd wuúodkvfe,fajrrSm vGwfajrmufaom e,fajrtjzpfeJYyJ pmoifESpfwESpf NyD;qHk;ayOD;awmhrSmaygh/ aEGOD;__ av½l;awGvnf;NrL;NyDav___ uhHaumfawGvnf;zl;vdkYav__ opf½GufawGajrrSmvl;um__ OMoiSufawGawGUawmh__ cspf&ufawG½Snf___ pmusufvdkuf naeydkif; awGusawmh tif;vsm;uefapmif; wpfavQmuf ajreDvrf; uav;awGrSm vrf;avQmufvdkuf rcGJEdkif rcGm&uf cspfcGef;awG qifvdkufESifh csdefnaecsrf;__ aejcnfjzef;&ifav__ ajreDvrf;uav;rSm __ tyrf;ajytyef;ajz__ cspfp&mtvStypum;rsm;__ ajymMuwmawG__ 'Dpmom;rsm;twdkif;yif wuúoDvm\ vSyMunfEl;rSkuav;awGudk i,f½G,folrsm;yDyD cHpm;EdkifvmMujyef ygw,f/ t"dywdvrf;rBuD;ay: rEÅav;aqmifa½SUqD a&mufjyefawmhvnf; atmifausmf ausmufwikd q f u D kd a0hMunf&h if; &ifeifhtHBudwfrdMu jyefygw,f/ igvdkrif;rS__'if;wdkUurmefzDvm___ ausmif;ajrovif;jyifxufrSm aojim;__aoewfeJYypfwm__

or*¾ pmpOf 29

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

29

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

ausmif;om;awGrSm twHk;t½kH;ao½Sm__ a'goykefyGm;um__ ausmif;om;,leD,HBuD;udkNzdKwm__ urÇm&eftNrJom_ atmf__ toJ__ toJem__ 'Dem;w0dkuf vrf;awG jrufcif;awGatmufrSm pD;uspdrfh0if aewJhaoG;awG[m atmufeufeufxJrSm ½Sdcsif½Sdaer,f/ rawmfwq taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh jyefay: vmEdkifwJh 'grSr[kwf aoG;pdrf;½Sif½Sif jyefxGufvmEdkifrJh tvTmyg;yg; tay:,Hem;rSmvJ ½Sdcsif½SdaeOD;rSmyyJ/ 'dkYwawG[m i,f½G,fEke,fysdKrspfolrsm;yDyD wuúoDvm jruRef; om&JU usef½Sdaeao;wJh tvStyawGatmufrSm cspfMu?cifMu MunfEl;Muaysmf½TifMu ½SdaeEdkifao;ayrJhvnf;? &ifxJ tonf;xJ a'gifw h ae&m&mrSmawmh cefjY im;xnf0gvSwhJ wuúov kd f or*¾qw kd hJ ordik ;f ypön;f BuD;uawmh wdUk vli,fawG&UJ aoG;awGeJY twl tNrJ½SdaeOD;rSmyg/ pmar;yGJawGNyD;awmhvnf; 1962-63ck pmoifESpfBuD;NyD;qHk;vdkU? aEG&moDausmif;ydwfvdkufygNyD/ onfcg__ onfor,__ cGJMu&rJhtajc__ tcsdefwef___ tdrfjyef&ayrJh___ udk,fhvdyfjymu__ rif;&JuxHrSmav___ tif;vsm;udkvnf;__ rarhEdkifay__ / F

30 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

30

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

(8)

1963 ckEpS f {NyDv vlutdrrf mS pdwu f ausmif;rSmaygh/ rMumrD oBuFeu f sawmhrmS rdkU oBuFeyf aJG wmftwGuf jyifMuqifMu NyD/ rSwrf Sw&f & {NyDv(1) &ufaeU nydki;f jrefrmhtoHtpDtpOfrSm txl;aMujimcsuw f &yfukd vTihx f kwv f kduyf gw,f/ “vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdefU” 'DtrdefUt& tzrf;qD;cHxm;&wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG jyefvGwf vmMur,f/ a½Smifwrd ;f yke;f atmif;ae&wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGvnf; vGwv f w G v f yfvyf oGm;vmEdik Mf ur,faygh/ &efukefudk qif;oGm;r,f qdk&ifoli,fcsif;awG jyefawGU&rSm aysmfp&mBuD;/ 'gayrJh b,fvdkawGUMu&rSmvJ ig&efukef qif;oGm;&ifa&m olweYkd YJ b,fae&mrSm pkpak 0;a0; awGU&rvJ/ t&ifygvDref tpd;k &acwfrmS wke;f uvnf; ausmif;om;awG tzrf;cH&zl;ygw,f/ a½Smifwrd ;f aeMu&zl;ygw,f/ vGwv f mw,fq&kd if vGwv f w G v f yfvyf oGm;Edik Nf yDq&kd if ,le, D u H kd vmMur,f/ b,foel UJ rS rawGU&ao;&if ,le, D v H ufbuf&nfqikd rf mS xdik ?f vbuf&nfwcGuf rSmaomufNyD; apmifah e vbuf&nfwcGuf rukefcif wa,mufa,mufawmh a&mufvmr,f/ aemufwem&Davmufqdk&if vlpHkawGU&NyD/ tck 1963ckESpf? vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifht& xGufvmwJh ausmif;om;awG b,frSmawGUMurvJ/ ausmif;u vnf; rzGiahf o; urm½Gwv f n S ;f wef;xJu rdwaf qGwcsKdU tdrrf mS omazsmufMum;azsmufMum; awGUEdik yf gw,f/ vGwNf idr;f csrf;omcGifhtrdefUudk AuywdkUu vufrcH? awGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;udkom awmif;qdkygw,f/ onfvdkeJU oBuFefNyD;oGm;NyD arv ukefoGm;ygw,f/ rlvwef;ausmif; tv,fwef;ausmif;awG jyefzGifhMuNyD/ wuúodkvfeJY aumvdyfawGuawmh rzGifhao;? rzGifhEdkifao;? rzGifh&Jao;/ Zlvdkif(7)&uf ESpfywfvnfaeUudk a½Smifaew,f xifyg&JU/ 1963ckEpS f ZGev f (11)&ufaeUrSm awmfveS af &;aumifpu D awmwGi;f vufeufuikd t f zGUJ tm;vH;k udk urf;vSr;f csuf wck xkwfjyefvdkufygw,f/ EdkifiHa&;tajctaeuawmh tawmfajymif;vJvmygw,f/ 1962 ckESpf (42) Budrfajrmuf trsdK;om;aeUrSm ausmif;om;awG yGJMurf;vdkufvdkU &efukefwuúodkvfe,fajrudk vGwfajrmufe,fajrtjzpf owfrSwf cJNh yD;csdeu f pNyD; ppftpd;k &[m ausmif;om;udk owfjzwf? wuotaqmufttHBk uD;udk zsufq;D cJw h mrSm;NyDvUkd aemifw& oGm;[efww l ,fvYkd usaemfwu Ykd taumif;jrifpw d ef YJ awG;MunfMh uygw,f/ 'gaMumifyh J qufNyD; olwZYkd w G v f yk v f rYkd jzpfb;l qdw k mudk em;vnfNyD; olwYkd rSm;,Gi;f rdu k rf cJ w hJ mawGukd jyefvnfay;qyfcsiv f Ykd jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csr;f a&;udk urf;vSr;f vmwmvdYk qufNyD; xifMunfrh Md uygw,f/ 'gayrJv h nf; tck ZGev f w0ufausmaf ewmawmif wuúov kd ef YJ aumvdyrf sm;udk zGirhf ,fvYkd raMujimao;yg/ tpOftvmrSmawmh ZGefv (1) &ufqdkwm ½kH;ydwf&ufeJY rwdk;bl;qdk&if ArmjynfrSm ausmif;wdkif;&JU ausmif;zGifh&ufyg/ onfEpS af wmh arvukeaf vmufuwnf;u rlvwef;? tv,fwef;eJY txufwef;ausmif;awGukd (ZGev f (1) &uf aeYu paejzpfaevdUk ) ZGev f (3)&ufrmS zGirhf ,fjzpfayrJh wuúov kd ef aYJ umvdyrf sm;&JU ausmif;zGi&hf ufukd aemufrS aMujimr,f vdYk owif;xkwjf yefxm;NyD; jzpfygw,f/ tJonfEpS u f pNyD; wuúov kd &f UJ &moD ysuo f mG ;ygw,f/ ZGev f qef;&if ausmif;zGihf pufwifbmvukerf mS ESp0f uftprf;pmar;yGu J sif;y? atmufwb kd m wvausmif;ydw?f Ed0k ifbmvqef; ausmif;jyefwuf? 'DZifbm c&pfprwfausmif;ydw?f rwfv wvvH;k pmar;yGu J sif;y? pmar;yGJ apmNyD;wJo h u l apmausmif;ydw?f aEGausmif; ydw&f uf ESpv f qdw k hJ wuúov kd &f UJ &moDpOfaygh/ tckEpS u f pvdYk wuúov kd af wG[m zGichf sifwt hJ csdezf iG ?hf pmar;yGaJ wGuvnf; jzpfcsifovdkjzpfeJU wuúodkvf&JU &moDysufcJhwm tJonfESpfu pawmhwmygyJ/

or*¾ pmpOf 31

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

31

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

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32 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

32

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

(9)

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or*¾ pmpOf 33

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

33

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

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34 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

34

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

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or*¾ pmpOf 35

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

35

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

(10)

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36 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

36

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

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or*¾ pmpOf 37

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

37

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

(11)

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38 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

38

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

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or*¾ pmpOf 39

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

39

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

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40 or*¾ pmpOf

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

40

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;or*¾\ tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufjcif;

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or*¾ pmpOf 41

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

41

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

(13)

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42 or*¾ pmpOf

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or*¾ pmpOf 43

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

43

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

armifrek ;f atmif

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&ifaoG; (1988) 44 or*¾ pmpOf

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44

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM

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armifrkef;atmif

THE UNION PUBLISHING

or*¾ pmpOf 45

P.O Box (102), Mae Ping P.O, Chiang Mai (50301) Thailand

TheUnion 010305 (Body) 0.pmd

45

8/6/2005, 11:24 AM