Matter.pptx

MATTER

WHAT IS MATTER MADE OF? • Matter is made up of very small particles. • Particle- a word use to describe small piece of matter.

PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER THEORY

All matter is made up of particles.

Particles of matter are in motion.

Adding heat to matter makes the particles move faster.

Particles of matter have spaces between them.

COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

GAS • Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume. • The particles in gas are much farther apart than those in a liquid or solid. • Gas particles move at high speeds in all directions.

PROPERTIES OF GASES 1. Have no definite shape and volume. 2. Flow and diffuse easily. 3. Are compressible. 4. Exert pressure.

LIQUID • A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. • Liquid takes the shape of the container. • The volume of a liquid, however, is the same no matter what the shape of the container. • Particles are further apart, and can move

PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS 1. Have definite volume but no definite shape. 2. Flow and diffuse slowly. 3. Are nearly compressible.

Surface Tension • The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid are called surface tension. • Surface tension causes the liquid to act as if a thin film were stretched across its surface.

Viscosity • Defined as a resistance of liquid to flow. • The viscosity of a liquid depends on the strength of the intermolecular attraction between the particles of a liquid.

Vapor • Matter that exists in the gas state but is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature is called vapor. • Water, for example, is a liquid at room temperature. Thus, water vapor is the term for the gas state of water.

Capillary Action • Results from the competition between cohesive forces (intermolecular force between the liquids) and adhesive forces (forces between different substances like water and glass.

SOLID • Solids are matter with a definite shape and volume. • The particles are in a tight, regular pattern. • The particles are close together and vibrate • A solid does not take the shape of a container in which it is placed.

PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 1. Rigid, compact and incompressible. 2. Have definite shape and volume. 3. Do not flow.

Crystalline Solids • They have a welldefined shape. • Their particlesatoms, molecules, or ions- occur in a highly ordered arrangement.

Amorphous Solids • They are noncrystalline. • Do not have distinct melting point and are not arranged in a regular pattern.

CHANGES IN PHYSICAL STATE

Melting point • The temperture at which the solid melts (change into liquid).

Freezing point • The temperture at which the liquid freezes or solidifies (change into solid).

Sublimation • Changes from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.

Deposition • A gas changes to solid without passing through the liquid state.

Vaporization • A change of state when water turns into a gas form when heat is being applied.

Condensation • the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water.

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES

Elements • Are pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

Compounds • Pure substance made of two or more different elements and can be separated into smaller substances by chemical means.

Mixtures • Are two or more substances held together by physical forces . • They do not create a new substance. • TYPES OF MIXTURE: Homogenous Mixtures and Heterogenous Mixture

Summative No. 1

Part A. 1-3. Draw the particles of solids, liquids, and gas. 4-5. What are the 2 Classifications of Solids?

Part B. Identify the phase changes of matter in the following: 6. solid 7. liquid 8. solid 9. liquid 10. gas

liquid gas gas solid liquid

Part C. Write the symbols of the following elements. 11. Potassium 12. Calcium 13. Chlorine 14. Magnesium 15. Silicon 16. Carbon 17. Sulfur

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Part D. Write the name of the following symbols. 18. Mg ______________ 19. Na ______________ 20. K ______________ 21. H ______________ 22. P ______________ 23. Ne ______________ 24. Cu ______________ 25. Sn ______________