March 18 Lp.docx

Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Grade 8 March 18, 2019 I.

Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: A. Discuss the Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross B. Determine the difference of Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross C. Recognize the importance of the two crosses in determining the genotype of an individual.

II.

Subject Matter A. Topic: Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross B. Concept: A monohybrid cross is a mating between two organisms with different variations at one genetic chromosome of interest. A dihybrid cross describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits. C. Materials: Laptop, Powerpoint Presentation, chalk and blackboard D. References: Science Learner’s Module 8 pg. 339 – 342 E. Process Skills: Describing, observing and recognizing skills will be developed throughout the lesson.

III.

Learning Task Teacher’s Activity

Students’ Activity

A. Engage Good afternoon, Class! Kindly pick up the pieces of trash and papers that you can see on the floor and arrange your chairs properly.

Good afternoon, Ma’am Caparas!

(The students pick up the pieces of trash and papers that they can see on the floor and they arrange their chairs properly)

You may now take your seat.

Thank you, Ma’am.

Is there any absent for today?

There are only 2 students that are absent, Ma’am.

Before we begin to our lesson for today, let’s just have a recap. What is the difference between the SelfFertilization Technique and Test Cross Technique in knowing the genotype? Yes?

Very good!

Ma’am, the difference between the Self-Fertilization Technique and Test Cross Technique is that, in Selffertilization technique, it enables us to determine whether an individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a given trait by observing the phenotypes of its offspring. Meanwhile, the test cross technique involves a cross between the recessive parental type and the individual with the dominant trait but with unknown genotype.

B. Explore Before we proceed to our next topic, I want you to watch the video first so that you can be able to understand about the topic that we will discussed for today. Are you familiar about Punnet Squares? Why do you think Punnet Squares are important in Genetics? Yes?

Yes, Mam. Because Ma’am, the Punnett square helps us to predict the outcome of a given cross. It allows us to determine the possible combinations of genes in a cross.

Very good! Now, we will proceed to watch the video about the Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross. C. Explain Based on the video that you’ve watched, what do you think are the differences between the Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross? Yes?

Excellent! Based on the video, what could be the steps in Monohybrid Cross? Let’s start in Step 1. Yes? Very good, always remember that in designating characters, Capital letter for dominant allele, lower case letter for recessive allele. Okay let’s go to the second step. Yes? Good! This is the P generation (parental generation). How about the third step? Yes? So, in third step, these will be haploid as a result of meiotic division. How about the fourth and last step? Yes?

For you to be able to understand, let’s have an example problem in Monohybrid Cross. Suppose that we have a parent of Aa and Aa. Now, how will you perform it using a punnet square? Yes?

Ma’am, A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross which demonstrates the transmission of a single trait from both parents to offspring’s. Meanwhile, A dihybrid cross describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits. A hybrid organism is one that is heterozygous, which means that is carries two different alleles at a particular genetic position, or locus. Ma’am, the first step is to designate characters to represent the alleles.

Ma’am, the second step is to write down the genotype and phenotype of the parents. Ma’am the third step is to write down the genotype of the parental gametes

The fourth and last step is that you should use a Punnett square to work out the potential gamete combinations and write out the genotype and phenotype ratios of potential offspring.

(The students solve the problem in the blackboard)

Great job! Did you understand on how you will perform a Monohybrid Cross? So, what could be the genotype and phenotype of this cross? Let’s go to the dihybrid cross. So, suppose that a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow seeds is self-fertilized, what are the phenotypic ratios of the resulting offspring? But first, what could be the first step? Yes?

Very good, what could be the second step? Yes? Can you show to us using a Punnett square on the result of gametes?

Very good, who wants to fill out the empty squares? Yes?

Yes, Ma’am.

The genotype of this cross is 1 AA: 2Aa and 1 aa. Meanwhile, the phenotype of this cross is that 3 dominant and 1 recessive.

Ma’am, the first step would be determining the parental genotypes. The parental genotypes of the said question would be RrYy x RrYy. Ma’am the second step is to determine the gametes.

(The student shows the gametes using the Punnett square)

(The student fills out the empty squares in a given problem)

Therefore, what could be the possible phenotype of the said problem based on the Punnett Square, if the R is round, the small r is wrinkled, the Y is yellow and the y is green seeds? The possible phenotype of the said problem is 9 round, yellow; 3 round, green; 3 wrinkled, yellow; and 1 wrinkled green Do you have any questions?

None, Ma’am.

D. Elaborate Based on the discussion on what we have earlier, why do you think we need to study about the Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross? What could be the importance? Yes?

Very good, so do you have any questions about the lesson for today?

Thus, with monohybrid cross, inheritance of a single trait can be traced easily, while dihybrid type is useful for studying the pattern of genetic inheritance in organisms for two different traits. None, Ma’am.

E. Evaluation In ½ sheet of pad paper, list down the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid cross. IV. Learning Agreements 1. In pea plants, spherical seeds (S) are dominant to dented seeds (s). In a genetic cross of two plants that are heterozygous for the seed shape trait, what fraction of the offspring should have spherical seeds? 2. Find the genotype and phenotype of the offspring if both Aliens are heterozygous for beady eyes (E) and green skin (S)?

Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Grade 8 March 19, 2019 I.

Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: A. Describe the Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment B. Explain how selective breeding is used to produce organisms with desired traits.

II.

Subject Matter A. Topic: Law of Independent Assortment B. Concept: The law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two gene sort into the gametes independently of the alleles of another two gene. C. Materials: Laptop, Powerpoint Presentation, chalk and blackboard D. References: Science Learner’s Module 8 pg. 343-344 E. Process Skills: Describing, and explaining skills will be developed throughout the lesson.

III.

Learning Task Teacher’s Activity

Students’ Activity

A. Engage Good afternoon, Class! Kindly pick up the pieces of trash and papers that you can see on the floor and arrange your chairs properly.

Good afternoon, Ma’am Caparas!

(The students pick up the pieces of trash and papers that they can see on the floor and they arrange their chairs properly)

You may now take your seat.

Thank you, Ma’am.

Is there any absent for today?

There are only 2 students that are absent, Ma’am.

Before we begin to our lesson for today, let’s just have a recap. What is the difference between the Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross? Yes?

Very good! Now, I have here a question. What traits would you desire in a pet? What could you do to ensure that your pet would possess these traits? For you to understand the question, I have here some pictures of pets. I want you to observe their physical structures.

Ma’am, A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross which demonstrates the transmission of a single trait from both parents to offspring’s. Meanwhile, A dihybrid cross describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits. A hybrid organism is one that is heterozygous, which means that is carries two different alleles at a particular genetic position, or locus.

Now, in those two pictures, do you think the first picture are pure breed? Yes?

Yes, Ma’am but the color is not that pure.

Why do you say so?

Because Ma’am, I think the parents of that dog is black and white color of the hair.

Very well said, how about the second picture? Yes?

Based on my observations, the second picture displays pure breed of a pet and I think both parents are brown color of the hair.

B. Explore Before we proceed to our next topic, I want you to watch the video first so that you can be able to understand about the topic that we will discussed for today. Do you still remember the Dihybrid cross?

Yes, Mam.

Mendel performed dihybrid crosses in plants that were true-breeding for two traits. For example, a plant that had round seeds and yellow seed color was crosspollinated with a plant that had wrinkled seeds and green seed color. Do you still remember my example yesterday? Yes, Ma’am. After that dihybrid crosses, Mendel discover the Law of Independent Assortment. But for you to understand this last law, I want you to watch this video and understand the last law. Are you ready?

Yes, Ma’am.

Very good! Now, we will proceed to watch the video about the Law of Independent Assortment.

(The students are busy watching the video)

C. Explain Based on the video that you’ve watched, what do you mean by the Law of Independent Assortment? Yes?

Very well said,

The law of independent assortment means that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. Therefore, traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.

Ma’am, the first step is to designate characters to represent the alleles. Excellent! Based on the video, what could be the steps in Monohybrid Cross? Let’s start in Step 1. Yes? Very good, always remember that in designating characters, Capital letter for dominant allele, lower case letter for recessive allele. Okay let’s go to the second step. Yes? Good! This is the P generation (parental generation). How about the third step? Yes? So, in third step, these will be haploid as a result of meiotic division. How about the fourth and last step? Yes?

Ma’am, the second step is to write down the genotype and phenotype of the parents. Ma’am the third step is to write down the genotype of the parental gametes

The fourth and last step is that you should use a Punnett square to work out the potential gamete combinations and write out the genotype and phenotype ratios of potential offspring.

(The students solve the problem in the blackboard) For you to be able to understand, let’s have an example problem in Monohybrid Cross. Suppose that we have a parent of Aa and Aa. Now, how will you perform it using a punnet square? Yes?

Yes, Ma’am.

Great job! Did you understand on how you will perform a Monohybrid Cross?

The genotype of this cross is 1 AA: 2Aa and 1 aa. Meanwhile, the phenotype of this cross is that 3 dominant and 1 recessive.

So, what could be the genotype and phenotype of this cross? Let’s go to the dihybrid cross. So, suppose that a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow seeds is self-fertilized, what are the phenotypic ratios of the resulting offspring? But first, what could be the first step? Yes?

Very good, what could be the second step? Yes? Can you show to us using a Punnett square on the result of gametes?

Ma’am, the first step would be determining the parental genotypes. The parental genotypes of the said question would be RrYy x RrYy. Ma’am the second step is to determine the gametes.

(The student shows the gametes using the Punnett square)

(The student fills out the empty squares in a given problem) Very good, who wants to fill out the empty squares? Yes?

The possible phenotype of the said problem is 9 round, yellow; 3 round, green; 3 wrinkled, yellow; and 1 wrinkled green None, Ma’am.

Thus, with monohybrid cross, inheritance of a single Therefore, what could be the possible phenotype of trait can be traced easily, while dihybrid type is useful the said problem based on the Punnett Square, if the R for studying the pattern of genetic inheritance in is round, the small r is wrinkled, the Y is yellow and organisms for two different traits. the y is green seeds? None, Ma’am.

Do you have any questions? D. Elaborate Based on the discussion on what we have earlier, why do you think we need to study about the Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross? What could be the importance? Yes?

Very good, so do you have any questions about the lesson for today? E. Evaluation In ½ sheet of pad paper, list down the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid cross.

IV. Learning Agreements 1. In pea plants, spherical seeds (S) are dominant to dented seeds (s). In a genetic cross of two plants that are heterozygous for the seed shape trait, what fraction of the offspring should have spherical seeds? 2. Find the genotype and phenotype of the offspring if both Aliens are heterozygous for beady eyes (E) and green skin (S)?