Lonjakan Saujana Spm 2009

LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 SULIT 4551/1 Biology Paper 1 October 2009 1 ¼ jam

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PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY Paper 1 Satu jam lima belas miniit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan

2.

Jawab semua soalan

3.

Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan

4.

Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan

5.

Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan

6.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 20 halaman bercetak

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Diagram 1 shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is the tissue found?

Diagram 1 A B 2

Heart Pancreas

C D

Biceps Small intestine

The plasma membrane consists of molecules arranged in a double layer as shown in Diagram 2

Diagram 2 The part labelled I and II are A hydrophobic and hydrophilic respectively B hydrophilic and hydrophobic respectively C both hydrophobic D both hydrophilic 3.

Diagram 3 shows the net flow of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.

Diagram 3 What is this process called? A Osmosis B Active transport C Simple diffusion D Facilitated diffusion

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Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of potato strips immersed in different concentrations of sucrose solution.

Diagram 4 Based on the graph, which of the following concentrations of sucrose solution should be used so that a flaccid potato strip regains its turgidity? A 1.5 g per 100 ml B 2.5 g per 100 ml C 3.5 g per 100 ml D 4.5 g per 100 ml

5.

Lipid is needed to build substance X while cellulose is needed to build substance Y. What are substances X and Y? Substance X

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Substance Y

A

Protoplasm

Cell wall

B

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

C Cell wall

Protoplasm

D Cell wall

Plasma membrane

. Haemoglobin is an example of a A. primary structure of protein B. secondary structure of protein C. tertiary structure of protein D. quarternary structure of protein

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4

Which of the following graph shows the effect of pH on the metabolic rate of the enzyme pepsin?

Rate of reaction

Rate of reaction

Rate of reaction

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Rate of reaction

Diagram 5 shows the phases in a cell cycle. X phase

Y phase

Diagram 5

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X phase

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Which of the following represents V ? A B

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mitosis cytokinesis

C D

stage S stage G1

Diagram 6 shows a phase in mitosis of a plant cell.

Diagram 6 Which of the following is true about the cell in Diagram 6 ?

A B C D

Stage of mitosis

Number of chromosomes in the mother cell

Anaphase Telophase Anaphase Telophase

4 4 8 8

10. Crossing over is an important process in meiosis. It results in variations in the daughter cells. At which stage of meiosis does crossing over take place? A B C D

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Prophase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase I

Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause the disease A B C D

scurvy. beri-beri. rickets. pellagra.

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Diagram 7 shows the molecular structure of three food classes

Diagram 7

Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to ? X A Carbohydrate B Protein C Protein D Lipid

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Y Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Carbohydrate

Z Lipid Carbohydrate Lipid Protein

Diagram 8 shows part of the human alimentary canal.

Diagram 8 A person who has structure P removed must regulate his dietary intake of A. fats B. carbohydrate

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C protein D. water

In the absence of oxygen the skeletal muscles contract using energy from the breakdown of glucose and glycogen to A ethanol and water B energy and water C ethanol and lactic acid D lactic acid and energy

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Which of the following is not involved in the transportation of carbon dioxide by the blood. A Carbonic acid B Carbaminohaemoglobin C Hydrogen carbonate ion D Carbon monoxide

Table shows the biomass of a few types of organisms in a community. Organism

P Q R S T U

Total Biomass of all the organisms at each trophic level(kg) 1200 30 150 670 100 2700

Which of the following is a possible food chain in this community? A P→U→S→T B Q→R→S→P

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C P→S→T→Q D U→S→P→Q

Which of the following organisms is a parasite ?

A

B

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C

D

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Diagram 9 is a graph which shows changes in the population of two species of beetles, T and U, over a period of time. Both species feed on the same food source.

T

U

Population

Diagram 9 What is the interrelationship between species T and U? A Symbiosis B Predation

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C Parasitism D Competition

Diagram 10 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few main tissues.

Diagram 10 What is Y ? A Phloem C Cortex

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B D

Diagram 11 shows some human bones .

Diagram 11

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Xylem Cambium

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Which bones are part of the axial skeleton ? A P and S B Q and R C P , Q and R D Q , R and S

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Diagram 12 below shows a motor neuron.

Diagram 12

Which one of the following A, B, C or D in the table below names the labelled parts correctly?

A B C D

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1 Cell body Axon Dendrite Synapse

2 Axon Dendrite Myelin sheath Dendrite

Diagram 13 shows a plant with soft stem . Which of the following support structures helps the plant climb to obtain sunlight ?

Diagram 13

A C

Clasping roots Tendrils

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B D

Twining stems Thorns.

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Diagram 14 shows a nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Which structure is the efferent neurone?

Diagram 14

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Some cucumber slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 3 hours, the slices are found to be turgid and hard. Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon? A B C D

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The cucumber cell wall prevents it from shrinking The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solution The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to diffuse into the cell The cucumber cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the cell

Diagram 15 shows the four-chambered stomach of a ruminant.

Diagram 15 Which of the following is not a correct match about each chamber and its function? A. S- Rumen, mutualistic bacteria digest cellulose. B. V- Reticulum, the partially digested food is formed into balls and regurgitated into the mouth for chewing C. U- Omasum, the regurgitated food in the mouth is passed into the omasum D. T- Duodenum, the digested products are absorbed.

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What substances are dissolved in the fuid which passes along the ureter to the bladder of a healthy person?

A. B. C. D.

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Glucose Absent Absent Present Present

Protein Absent Absent Absent Present

Salts Absent Present Present Absent

Urea Present Present Present Absent

Diagram 16 shows the female reproductive system. In which parts are the eggs and the zygote formed? 1 2

Diagram 16

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Eggs

Zygote

A

1

2

B

1

3

C

2

1

D

2

3

Diagram 17 shows sex determination in human.

Ovary cell

Testis cell

P

Q R Diagram 17

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Gametes

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If a couple have a son, what is the cell composition in P, Q and R?

A B C D 29

Q 44 + Y 22 + X 22 + X 22 + Y

R 44 + XY 44 + XY 44 + XX 44 + XY

Which of these genetically inherited disease is dangerous and can cause death at a young age? A. B. C. D.

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P 44 + X 22 + Y 22 + X 22 + X

Albino Haemophilia Short-sightedness Down syndrome

Table 1 shows a Punnet square which represents the gametes and progeny from a dihybrid cross. Alphabets a to p represent the daughter cells from this cross. male gamete female gamete HK Hk hK hk

HK

Hk

hK

hk

a e I m

b f j n

c g k o

d h l p

Table 1 Which of the following daughter cells have the same genotype as the parent ? A B

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a, f, k, p b, c, e, I

C D

d, g, j, m e, f, h, l

Diagram 18 shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule. Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?

Diagram 18

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Contraceptive pills contain a combination of A. estrogen and luteinising hormone. B. progesterone and prolactin C. estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone D. progesterone and estrogen.

33. Which of the following shows the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

I

Mitosis Involves one stage of cell division

Meiosis Involves two stages of cell division

II

Produces two diploid daughter cells

III

Synapsis and crossing over takes place between homologous chromosomes Chromosomes are not in pairs

Produces four haploid daughter cells Synapsis and crossing over does not take place

IV

A B C D 34

Homologous chromosomes are in pairs at prophase I

I and II only I and III only I, II and IV only I, II, III and IV Diagram 19 is a graph which represents a type of variation found in students.

Number of individuals

Variation Diagram 19 This variation may be I III A B

height type of ear lobe I and II only I and III only

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C D

II weight IV dimple III and IV only I, II, III and IV

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14 Which of the following is not a cause of variation? A. C.

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Radiation Asexual reproduction

B. D.

Gene mutation Meiosis

Diagram 20 shows the structure of a villus in the ileum

Diagram 20 Which vessels P, Q, R, and S carry the largest amounts of glucose, amino acids, lipid droplets or fat-soluble vitamins?

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Glucose

Amino acids

Lipid droplets

Fat soluble vitamins

A

P

Q

R

S

B

Q

P

R

S

C

R

R

S

S

D

S

S

R

R

Diagram 21 shows a plastic quadrat used to determine the percentage coverage of bread mould on a piece of bread. The shaded area shows the presence of mould.

Diagram 21

Based on the result obtained in Diagram 21, calculate the percentage coverage of the bread mould , taking the area of each small square to be 1 cm² A 32 % B 40%

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C 56% D 80%

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Diagram 22 below shows equipment that can cause the thinning of the ozone layer.

Diagram 22 How can this problem be solved?

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I II III IV

Stop using chlorofluorocarbon Replace CFCs with HCFCs Patching holes in the ozone layer Produce less electrical goods

A B C D

I and II II and IV I, II and III I, II, III and IV

The following statement is about eutrophication. L : M: N : O :

Excess fertilisers from agriculture lands flow into lakes Bacteria grow rapidly Algae grow rapidly and covers the surface of the lake The value of BOD increase

What is the correct sequence of the eutrophication process ? A O, L, M and N B L, N, M and O

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C L, M, O and N D O, M, L and N

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An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in a day.The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. Diagram 23 is a graph which shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours .Which of the curves A,B,C or D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours ?

Diagram 23 41

LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Diagram 24 shows a human arm .

Diagram 24 If tendon X was torn off,what happens to the arm ? A The elbow joint loosens up B The fingers cannot grip C The arm connot be bent D The lower arm cannot twist.

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Diagram 25 is a graph which shows the changes in the glucose concentration in the blood of a person over a period of two hours.

Diagram 25 Which of the following best explains the shape of the graph after X? A. The person has eaten a meal that is high in sugar . B. The person has had an insulin injection. C. The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus. D. The person starts some vigorous physical exercise.

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Which characteristics of the glomerulus enhances the efficiency of ultrafiltration ? I. The diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole. II. The afferent arteriole divides further into a dense network of capillaries. III. The high hydrostatic pressure of the blood entering the glomerulus. IV. The Bowman’s capsule is made up of only two layers of cells. A. B. C. D.

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I, II and III only I, II and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV

A woman’s menstrual period started on 23rd March. In which week was an egg most likely to have been released?

Week A B C D

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Sun 5 12 19 26

Mon 6 13 20 27

Tue 7 14 21 28

March Wed 1 8 15 22 29

Thu 2 9 16 23 30

Fri 3 10 17 24 31

Sat 4 11 18 25

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What is true about the importance of secondary growth in plants? I. It increases the diameters of the plant stems and roots for mechanical support. II. It allows plants to increase in length to achieve maximum height. III. It produces new phloem and xylem tissues to replace the old and damaged ones. IV. It produces a thick bark which reduces the evaporation of water from the surface of the stem.

A. I, II and III only C II, III and IV only

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B. D.

I, III and IV only I, II, III and IV.

A woman with blood group A claims that a man with blood group AB is the father of her baby. The baby’s blood is tested. Which of the following could be the baby’s blood group? I II III IV

Group A Group B Group O Group AB

A B C D

I and II only I and IV only I, II and IV only I, II, III and IV

Which of the following shows the difference between continuous variation and discontinuous variation?

A B C D

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Continuous Variation Controlled by dominant genes. Caused by mutation. Occurs in animals. Can be measured.

Discontinuous Variation Controlled by recessive genes. Not caused by mutation. Occurs in plants. Cannot be measured.

The Hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown on acidic soil, and red flowers when grown on alkaline soil. What conclusion can be made from this observation? A. B. C. D.

The colour of the Hydrangea flower is a continuous variation The environment affects the colour of the flowers The pH of the soil causes mutation The colour of the flower is affected by the genetic factor only

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I - Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell. II - Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles III – Sister chromatids separate and move to different poles IV – Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate. I, II, III and IV shows the processes which occur in meiosis. Among the following events, which occur in anaphase I ?. A B C D

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I only II only III and IV only II and IV only

Diagram 26 shows an organ system.

Diagram 26

What are the functions of the organ system shown above? I To transport oxygen to the body cells II To defend the body against diseases III To remove metabolic wastes IV To help regulate the volume and composition of blood A I and II only B I and III only C II and IV only D III and IV only

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SULIT 4551/2 BIOLOGY Kertas 2 Oktober 2009 2 ½ jam

NAMA :

FORM:

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH _______________________________________________________ PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGI KERTAS 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada ruang yang disediakan. 2.

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu. 4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu. 5.

Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa Bahagian

A

B

Soalan

Markah Penuh

1

12

2

12

3

12

4

12

5

12

6

20

7

20

8

20

9

20

Markah Diperoleh

Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 18 halaman bercetak

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[Lihat sebelah]

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Section A [ 60 marks ] Answer all questions from this section. 1.

Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation and specialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant. Rajah 1 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalami pembezaan dan pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalamsatu tumbuhan hijau.

Cells J Sel-sel J

Cell Specialisation

K

L Cross-section of a leaf Keratan rentas sehelai daun

Xylem tissue Tisu xilem

M DIAGRAM 1

(a)

Name tissue K and tissue L. Namakan tisu K dan L K : ……………………………………………………………………………………… L: ………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

State the function of cells K and M in a leaf. Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daun

K : ………………………………………………………………………………………. M: ……...…………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue. Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin. Explain the effect on the function of the leaf. Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin. Terangkan kesannya keatas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (d)

Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization. Berdasarkan rajah 1, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.

…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (e)

Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant. Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function. Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhan Terangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya

…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… TOTAL …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] PPD MELAKA TENGAH

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.

Mitotic cell division

Phase U

Diagram 2.1 (a) .

Name phase U in Diagram 2.1. U:……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(b)

Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe what happens at sub phases X, Y and Z. X: ……………………………………………………………………… Y: ……………………………………………………………………… Z: ……………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6. Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

Diagram 2.2

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell produced at the end of sub-phase Q.

[2 marks]

(d)

Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(e)(i)

A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial production. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the method named can increase the crop yield. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

(ii)

State a problem that can occur when using this method.. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] TOTAL

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Diagram 3 shows part of a nitrogen cycle. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen. Nitrogen in the atmosphere DIAGRAM 4 Nitrogen dalam atmosfera

Organism R Organisma R

Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms in plant P Pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma dalam tumbuhan P

Substance Q Bahan Q Nitrogenous compounds in plants Sebatian nitrogen dalam tumbuhan

Nitrites Nitrit

Process Y Proses Y Ammonium compounds Sebatian ammonium

Nitrogenous compounds in animals Sebatian nitrogen dalam haiwan DIAGRAM 3

a) Name P, Q and R Namakan P, Q dan R. P: ......................................................................................................................... Q: ........................................................................................................................ R: .........................................................................................................................

[3marks]

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plant P. Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalam tumbuhan P.

.......................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which is also able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q. Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satu fenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepada bahan Q. .......................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y. Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y. (i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y. Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y.

.......................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i) Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i)

.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] (d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants. Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadap pertumbuhan tumbuhan. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] PPD MELAKA TENGAH

TOTAL

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The level of antibodies in the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 respectively. Booster dose (2nd) stimulates a faster and larger lasting response.

Concentration of antibodies in the blood (arbitrary unit)

Individual P

Immunity level

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

nd

st

st 1 1vaccination Injection

22nd vaccination Injection

8

9

Time (weeks)

DIAGRAM 4.1

Individual Q Increase immediately Concentration of antibodies in the blood (arbitrary unit)

4

-8-

Immunity level

Time (weeks)

0

1

2

1st injection

3 nd

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

injection DIAGRAM 5.2

DIAGRAM 4.2 (a) What is the substance injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q ? P : ………………………………………………………………………………… Q : ………………………………………………………………………………… PPD MELAKA TENGAH

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 [ 2 marks ]

(b) State the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q. P : …………………………………………………………………………….…. Q : ……………………………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks ] A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious and he was hospitalised.

(c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………..…………………………………………………………………….…… [ 4 marks ] (d) Table 4.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born Malaysian until the age of two. Age

Types of Immunity Tuberculosis (B.C.G) Hepatitis B

( First dose )

1 month

Hepatitis B

( Second dose )

3 month

Triple Antigen Polio

( First dose )

5 month

Triple Antigen Polio

( Second dose )

Hepatitis B

( Third dose )

New born

9 – 24 month

Germans measles

1 ½ - 2 year

Triple Antigen Polio ( Third dose ) TABLE 4.1

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM

2009

(d) (i) Based on Table 4.1, state the type of pathogen which cause the diseases. ................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Explain why there is a need for second and third doses for the immunisation. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks ] TOTAL

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5.

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Figure 5 shows various types of fingerprints. Rajah 5 menunjukkan bebrapa jenis cap jari

Composite Komposit

Whorl Pusar

Curves Lengkung

Loops Gelung

FIGURE 5

(a) (i)

Based on Figure 5, name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y below. Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis cap jari bagi pelajar X dan Y di bawah. Student X

Type of fingerprint: Jenis cap ibu jari:

………………………………

Student Y

Type of fingerprint: Jenis cap ibu jari:

….…………………………… [2 marks]

(ii) State one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y. Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi. ……..………………………………………………………………………………….. …….. [1 mark] (iii) State how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation. Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] PPD MELAKA TENGAH

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

(i) What is the type of variation shown in Figure 5? Apakah jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii) State two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation as in (b)(i). Nyatakan dua trait selain cap jari yang menunjukkan variasi yang sama seperti (b)(i). Trait 1 : …………………………………………………………………………………… Trait 2 : …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(c)

Height is a type of variation. Explain the differences between the type of variation shown by fingerprints and height. Trait ketinggian merupakan sejenis variasi Huraikan perbezaan antara variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh trait jenis cap jari dengan trait ketinggian pelajar. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(d)

Explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species. Terangkan bagaimana variasi boleh menjamin kemandirian suatu spesies ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks] TOTAL

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SECTION B [ 40 marks ] Answer two questions from this section.

6.

Diagram 6.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur respirasi satu serangga P

Tracheol Trakeol

Body cells Sel-sel Badan DIAGRAM 6.1

(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell. Terangkan pertukaran gas antara trakeol dan sel-sel badan [4 marks]

(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change in the environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide. Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production. Kitin adalah polisakarida yang terdapat pada permukaan struktur P. Disebabkan perubahan dalam persekitaran, serangga tidak dapat menghasilkan polisakarida. Terangkan bagaimana ketiadaan kitin memberi kesan keatas proses tarikan nafas dan penghasilan tenaga . [6 marks]

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(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous exercise of an athlete. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepas satu latihan intensif seorang atlit. Oxygen intake (litre/minute)

Vigorous exercise DIAGRAM 6.2

Time (min)

(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous exercise. Berdasarkan graf diatas, bezakan proses respirasi sebelum dan semasa latihan tersebut. [4 marks]

(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th minute. Terangkan bagaiman selepas minit ke 25

pengambilan oksigen oleh atlit tersebut kembali ke asal [6 marks]

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(7)

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

(a) Figure 7 shows development of the follicle in the female ovary, thickening of uterine endometrium and the hormones involved. Rajah 7 menunjukkan perkembangan folokel dalam ovari seorang perempuan, penebalan endometrium uterus dan hormonphormon yang terlbat.

Estrogen

Time (Day) FIGURE 7 Explain the relationship between development of the follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level in the blood and the thickening of the uterine endometrium in a female. Terangkan hubungan antara perkembangan folikel, perubahan aras hormonhormon masing-masing dalam darah dan penebalan endometrium uterus pada seorang perempuan. (10marks)

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(b) Graph 7(a) and 7(b) show the growth curve of human and insect. Based on the graph , compare the growth process in human and insect. Graf 7 (a) dan 7 (b) menunjkkan lengkuk pertumbuhan manusia dan serangga Berdasarkan graf, bandingkan proses pertumbuhan pada manusia dan serangga. (10marks)

Heigh t (cm)

Time (year) GRAPH 7(a) : Growth curve for human

Length (cm)

Time(day) GRAPH 7(b) : Growth curve for insect

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(a)

LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Diagram 8 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad and Puan Amalina and their children. Rajah 8 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri Encik Ahmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.

Parents Ibu bapa

E En Ahmad Blood group A Kumpulan darah A darahBloogroup A

EPn Amalina Blood group B Kumpulan darah B Blood group A

0ffspring Anak

blood group 0 kumpulan darah O

blood group 0 kumpulan darah O

blood group 0 blood group AB kumpulan darah O kumpulann darah AB

Diagram 8 Diagram 8 shows the variation of blood groups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain why there is a variation in blood groups of the offspring. Rajah 8 menunjukkan variasi kumpulan darah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkan mengapa adanya variasi dalam kumpulan darah anak-anaknya. [ 10 marks] (b)

Genetic engineering is widely used in the field of agriculture and medicine. Justify the impact of genetic engineering on humans and the environment. Kejuruteraan genetik digunakan secara meluas dalam bidang pertanian dan perubatan. Beri wajaran tentang impak kejuruteraan genetik terhadap manusia dan persekitaran. [ 10 marks]

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Biodiversity is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms living on Earth. These organisms live in different ecosystems and are important to our lives. Biodiversiti ialah kepelbagaian jenis tumbuhan, haiwan dan Mikroorganisma yang hidup di bumi. Organisma ini hidup dalam berbagai ekosistem dan penting kepada kehidupan kita. 9.(a)(i) Based on the statement discuss the importance of biodiversity. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas bincangkan kepentingan biodiversiti. [4 marks] (ii) Diagram 9 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia. Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu ekosistem di Malaysia

Diagram 9 Discuss the importance of the ecosystem shown in Diagram 8 to the environment and economy of our country. Bincangkan kepentingan ekosistem di Rajah 8 kepada persekitaran dan ekonomi negara kita. [6 marks] (b) Biotechnology is the application of organisms or microorganisms or their biological processes in the production of materials for use in medicine and industry. Biotechnology ialah aplikasi organisma atau microorganism atau proses biologi dalam penghasilan bahan-bahan untuk kegunaan bidang perubatan dan perindustrian. Discuss the uses of microorganisms in Bincangkan pengunaan microorganisma dalam (i)

the waste treatment process. proses rawatan kumbahan.

(ii)

food processing pemprosesan makanan [10 marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER

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NAME

SULIT 4551/3 BIOLOGY Paper 3 October 2009 1 ½ jam

FORM

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH _______________________________________________________ PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGI KERTAS 3 Satu jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tuliskan nama dan tingkatan pada ruang yang disediakan. 2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. 3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu. 4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu

Soalan

Markah penuh

1

33

2

17

Jumlah

50

Markah diperolehi

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 9 halaman bercetak

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1. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of running up and down a stair case on the rate of his heart beat . Figure 1.1 shows the method used by the student. The subject runs up the stair case and straight away runs down the same stair case. Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu kajian untuk menyiasat kesan berlari menerusi anak tangga keatas dan kebawah keatas kadar degupan jantungnya. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan cara yang digunakan oleh beliau. Pelajar itu berlari keatas dan kebawah menggunakan anak tangga yang sama. Immediately after the boy has finished running up and down the stair case, the time taken for 30 heart beats is taken and is recorded in table 1.1. Sebaik sahaja pelajar itu selesai berlari keatas dan kebawah menerusi anak tangga tersebut, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya di catatkan dalam jadual 1.1 The whole experiment was repeated with the same boy running up the stair case as shown in Figure 1.2(a), 1.2(b) and 1.2(c) in Table 1.1 respectively. The results are also shown in the same table. Keseluruhan kajian diulang oleh pelajar yang sama seperti di rajah 1.2 (a), 1.2(b) dan 1.2 (c) dalam jadual 1.1. Keputusan kajian ditunjukkan dalam jadual yang sama.

Situation

Numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case.

Observation

The time taken for making 30 heartbeats (s)

One time 20 Figure 1,1

Two times

Figure 1.2(a)

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Three times

Figure 1.2(b)

Four times

Figure 1.2(c)

Table 1.1

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(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship of the numbers of times the boy runs up and down the stair case and the time taken for 30 heart beats. Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang hubungan antara bilangan kekerapan pelajar tersebut berlari menerusi anak tangga keatas dan kebawah dan masa untuk 30 degupan jantung

For examiner’s use

Observation 1 : Pemerhatian 1 : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Observation 2 : Pemerhatian 2 : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1 (a) (i)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1(a) (i) Nyatakan inferen yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(a) (i)

Inference from observation 1: Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Inference from observation 2 : Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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1 (a) (ii)

5

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(b) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment. Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Pemboleh ubah

Cara mengendali pemboleh ubah

Manipulated variable: Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan ……………………………………….. ……………………………………… ………………………………………

.............................................................................. ………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………

Responding variable: Pembolehubah bergerak balas ………………………………………..

..............................................................................

………………………………………

………………………………………………………...

………………………………………

………………………………………………………..

Constant variable: Pembolehubah dimalarkan ………………………………………..

..............................................................................

………………………………………

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………

………………………………………………………

Table 1.2

1 (b)

Jadual 1.2

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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1 (c)

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(d) Record the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart beats in the three occasions in Table 1.1. Catatkan masa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut dalam ketiga-tiga keadaan dalam jadual 1.1

1 (d) [3 marks] [3 markah]

(e)

Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment which include the following aspects: Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, bina satu jadual dan catatkan keputusan kajian tersebut yang merangkumi aspek berikut -

The numbers of time of running up and down the stair case Bilangan kekerpan menaikki dna menuruni anak tanggga The time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 beats Masa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut The rate of the boy’s heart beat (times/minute) Kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut ( masa / minit)

1 (e) [3 marks] [3 markah]

(f)

From the table in (e) (i) above, draw the graph of the rate of the boy’s heart beats against the number of times of running up and down the stair case. Daripada jadual dalam (e)(i), lakarkan graf kadar degupan jantung pelajar melawan bilangan dia menaiki dan menuruni anak tangga [3 marks] [3 markah]

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1 (f)

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(g) Based on the graph you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the number of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat. Berdasarkan graf yang dilakarkan di (f), terangkan hubungan antara bilangan pelajar menaiki dan menuruni tangga, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya dan kadar degupan jantungnya

For examiner’s use

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1 (f)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(h) Predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the same stair case 5 times. Explain your prediction. Ramalkan kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut jika dia berlari menerusi anak tangga yang sama keatas dan kebawah sebanyak 5 kali. Terangkan ramalan anda. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1 (g)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

(i) Based on this experiment, deduce the meaning of the rate of the heart beat. Berdasarkan kajian ini, rumuskan maksud kadar degupan jantung. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1 (h)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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(j) The student also carried out an experiment to investigate the amount of carbon dioxide produced after doing the exercise. The following list is part of the apparatus and materials used in this experiment. Pelajar tersebut juga menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji jumlah karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan selepas melakukan senaman. J tube, ruler, potassium pyrogallate solution, beaker, potassium hydroxide solution, boiling tube, rubber tubing, basin, water Tiub J, pembaris, larutan kalium pirogalat, bikar,larutan kalium hidroksida, tabung didih, salur getah, besen, air Complete the table 1.3 below by classifying the apparatus and materials used in this experiment. Lengkapkan jadual 1.3 dengan mengklasifikasikan alat radas dan bahan yang digunakan pembolehubah dan bahan serta radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini. Apparatus Radas

Materials Bahan

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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For examiner’ s use

9

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2. Variation are differences in trait between individual of the same species. Variation causes an individual able to adapt to the surrounding for survival of the species. Example of variation are types of fingerprints, attachment of ear lobes, height, ability to role the tongue and blood group. Variasi ialah perbezaaan trait di antara individu dari spesies yang sama. Variasi menyebabkan seorang individu berkebolehan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran untuk kemandirian spesies. Contoh variasi ialah jenis cap jari, lekatan cuping telinga, ketinggian, kebolehan menggulung lidah dan kumpulan darah. A group of form 5 Perkasa students carried out an experiment to investigate the variation among themselves. The traits on height and attachment of ear lobes were observed. Sekumpulan pelajar dari 5 Perkasa menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat variasi dikalangan mereka. Trait untuk ketinggian dan lekapan cuping telinga diperhatikan.

Height Plan a laboratory experiment to determine the types of variation to the number of students. Your planning of the experiment must include the following aspects: Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan jenis variasi terhadap bilangan pelajar.         

Problem statement Pernyataan masalah Objective of investigation Objektif kajian Hypothesis Hipotesis Variables Pemboleh ubah List of apparatus and materials Senarai radas dan bahan Technique used Teknik yang digunakan Experimental procedure or method Kaedah atau prosedur eksperimen Presentation of data Cara data dipersembahkan Conclusion Kesimpulan 17 marks [ 17 markah ]

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

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PPD MELAKA TENGAH LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 JAWAPAN - BIOLOGY PAPER 1

1. A

11. C

21. C

31. C

41. C

2. B

12. C

22. C

32. D

42. A

3. A

13.

A

23. C

33. D

43. A

4. A

14. D

24. C

34. C

44. B

5. B

15. D

25. D

35. C

45. B

6. D

16. C

26. B

36. C

46. C

7. C

17. B

27. C

37. C

47. D

8. B

18. D

28. D

38. C

48. B

9. A

19. A

29. B

39. B

49. B

10. A

20. C

30. C

40. D

50. D

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

SULIT

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4551/2 Biology Paper 2 October 2009 1 ½ jam

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH _______________________________________________________

PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY Paper 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 15 HALAMAN BERCETAK

1

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

MARKING SCHEME - BIOLOGY PAPER 2 QUESTION 1 No (a)

(c) (i)

(ii)

(e)

Marks

1 1

Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf. Sample answer:  K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate.  M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange // Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma.

(b)

(d)

Criteria Able to name tissue K and tissue L. Answer:  K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue)  L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue)

Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue. Sample answer:  Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved,  to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves).  The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plant unable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue. Sample answer:  Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf.  Less sunlight received / absorbed.  Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced Or (Any 2)  Xylem vessels collapsed.  Less water supplied to leaves.  Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced (Any 2) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation. Sample answer:  Cells grow, change shape / differentiate.  To carry out / perform specific function. Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enable the leaf to carry out its function. Sample answer:  Upright and closely packed.  Contains large number of chloroplast.  All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight. // Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy. TOTAL

2

1 1 2

1 1 1

2

1 1 1

1 1 1

2

1 1

2

1 1 1 2 12

2

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

QUESTION 2 No Criteria (a) Able to name the phase U. Sample answer: U : Interphase (b)

Marks

1

1

Able to describe the processes at sub phases X, Y and Z during phase U Sample answer : X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formed Y : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatids formed Z : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare for cell division

1 1 1

3

Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria:  No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes  Types of chromosomes/ non homologous  New genetic combination

1 1 1 Any 2

2

Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer. Sample answer :

1 1 1 1 Any 1E = 1

2

1 1 1 1 T=1m Any 2E Marks

3

Any 1

1

TOTAL

12

(c)

(d)

F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy rays E1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cells E2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitotically E3 : cell cycle stops (e)(i) Able to name the method and explain the advantages of the method in increasing crop yield. Sample answer : T : Tissue culture / Cloning E1 : Large numbers of clones can be produced E2 : Within a short period of time / any time E3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases / fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits (e)(ii) Able to state one problem : Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have the resistance to new diseases / pest.// No variation

3

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

QUESTION 3 No

3a

Criteria

Marks

Able to name P,Q and R Suggested answer P: leguminous plant / example of a leguminous plant Q: nitrates R: denitrifying bacteria

b(i)

Able to state the name of the microorganism Suggested answer Rhizobium sp /nitrogen fixing bacteria

(ii)

Able to name the natural phenomenon that can convert atmospheric nitrogen to substance Q Suggested answer Lightning

c(i)

(ii)

d

Able to suggest the type of the microorganism that is involved in process Y. Suggested answer saprophytic bacteria / fungi // putrefying bacteria / fungi Able to explain the role of the microorganism in the nitrogen cycle Suggested answer 1. Saprophytic bacteria / fungi decompose protein in the dead plants and animals / excretory products of animals 2. to ammonium/ simpler nitrogenous compounds/ ammonia which is eventually converted to nitrates. 3. This increases the nitrate / nitrogen content of the soil.

1 1 1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

Able to explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects plant growth. Suggested answer 1 Root hairs absorb less Q/nitrates/nitrogen // less Q/nitrates/nitrogen is available to be absorbed by plants. 2. Less chlorophyll / protein is synthesized. 3 Rate of photosynthesis decreases. 4 Plant growth is slow / retarded.

1

3

1 1 1 1

3

Any 3

TOTAL

4

12

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

QUESTION 4 No Criteria (a) Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q. Sample answer: P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccine Q : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum (b)

(c)

(d)(i)

(ii)

Able to explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q. Sample answer : P : Artificial active immunity The body produces its own antibodies to fight against infections by pathogens. Q : Artificial passive immunity The body receives antibodies produced from outside sources to fight against infections by pathogens. Able to describe how could save that boy. Sample answer : F1: Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our body F2: Injection of serum which contains instant antibodies / antiserum / anti-toxin must be given to the patient. F3: Antibody-antigen action occured very fast F4: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with toxin / snake venom/ antigen and neutralize it / he is saved.

Marks

1 1

2

1

1

2

1 1 4 1 1

Able to state the types of pathogen which cause the diseases Answer: Virus / bacteria Able to explain why there is a need for second and third doses for the immunisation Sample answer : F1: Immunisation is given to prevent infection from pathogens that caused diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Polio, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. German measles ( state at least 2 example ) F2: New born are injected with vaccines to get Artificially Active Immunity F3: First dose are given to induce baby lymphocytes to produce antibodies which are specific against the antigens / bacteria / virus F4: 2nd and 3rd dose are booster dose to increase the production of antibodies at a faster rate. F5: Achieved immunity level // antibodies remained in the blood for a long time and provide permanent immunity / protect them from the next infection. Any 3

5

1

1

1 1

1

3

TOTAL

12

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

QUESTION 5 No (a) (i)

( ii)

(iii)

(b) (i)

(ii)

Criteria

Marks

Able to name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y Answer: X - Loop ; Y- Composite Able to state one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y. Answer: Genetic factor Able to state how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation Answer: Genetic recombination during crossing over results in the formation of different Able to state the type of variation Answer: Continuos variation

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

2

2

Able to state two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation as in (b)(i) Answer: The ability to roll tongue Types of hair

(c)

2

Able to explain the differences between the type of variation shown by fingerprints and height. Sample answer: Height

Types of fingerprint

-

Shows normal distribution

Shows discrete distribution

1

-

Affected by environmental Factors

Not affected by environmental factor

1

Able to explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species (d)

Sample answer: - Can differentiate from one individual to another / no one is the same - Able to adapt to a new environment - Able to camourflage to run away from any predators

1 1

3

1

TOTAL

6

12

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

SECTION B QUESTION 6 No (a) (i)

(ii)

Criteria Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and body cell. Sample answer:  Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell .  Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell  Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in tracheole .  Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell

1 1 1 1

4

Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process of inhalation and energy production of the insect. Sample answer:  The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain the air pressure  During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea.  The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst / rupture.  Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal.  Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration  The insect does not produce enough energy and respire anaerobically.  Less energy produced. (Any 6)

b (i)

Marks

Able to compare and explain the respiration before and during vigorous exercise. Sample answer: Before (A) Aerobic Respiration

During (B) Anaerobic Respiration

2 .

The muscles are in normal condition

The muscles are in the state of oxygen debt

 Before – oxygen is sufficient  During – oxygen is insufficient / oxygen supplied is less than oxygen supplied.

3 .

Energy produced is

Energy produced is

 Before – complete break down of glucose (produce

1 .

Explanation (E)  Before - oxygen intake is low/the same as oxygen required/enough oxygen is supplied to the cell  During – oxygen required is more than oxygen intake

7

1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

4 .

BIOLOGY P2

more/38 ATP

less / 2 ATP

more energy)  During – incomplete break down of glucose (produce less energy)

No/less accumulatio n of lactic acid in the muscles

High accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles

 Before – complete break down of glucose produce carbon dioxide and water  During – Incomplete breakdown of glucose produce lactic acid A + B = 1m E=1m (Any one E) 8

(b) (ii)

Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th minute. Sample answer:  Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles  The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose TOTAL

1 1

2 20

8

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

QUESTION 7 No. 7(a)

Criteria Able to explain the relationship between development of the follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level in the blood and the thickening of the uterine endometrium.

Mark

Remark

1 1 1

Max 3 marks for each stage - 9 marks

Suggested answer: Day 0 – 7 Follicle – very small – start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary – the wall of follicle will produce estrogen FSH - pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will go to the ovary - FSH stimulate development of follicle Endometrium - stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing Day 8 – 14 Follicle - become larger, develop to form follicle Graaf FSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone - FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen at maximum level - LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I, estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium - Progesterone level very low Endometrium - endometrium become very thick (ready to implantation (of embryo)) Day 15 - 21 Follicle - Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II - The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum secreted small amount of estrogen but large amount of progesterone FSH/ LH/ Estrogen/ Progesterone - Progesterone stimulated the thickening of endometrium , halted the secretion of FSH/LH - Development of new follicle and ovulation stop.

1 1

1

1 1 1 1

1

1 1

1 1

Endometrium - more thicker and highly vascular - ready for implantation of embryo

9

At least the answer shows the relationship between 3 parameter i.e follicle, hormone and endometriu m - 1 mark

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

Day 22 – 28 Corpus luteum - if no fertilisation, corpus luteum become disintegrate

1

FSH/ LH/ Estrogen / Progesterone - FSH, LH and estrogen at minimum level; progesterone level also drop

1

Endometrium - endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate - blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus discharge through vagina as menstrual flow. 7(b)

1 1

Max – 10

1

Max – 10 marks

Able to compare the growth process in human and insect. Suggested answers: Similarities - height of man / length of instar increases by time - both show horizontal line / constant growth during adult Difference - Form of graph – Sigmoid form for human and like series of steps in insect - Age of organism – the height measured yearly, but in insect used day for measuring the length - Caused of different – human have endoskeleton but insect have exoskeleton - Stages involve – in human, the curve has three different phases, but there are five steps in insect // nymphal stages - Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human did not shows different line (only the curve from continuous points), but there are five different horizontal and vertical lines each - Zero growth – no point to show zero growth in human, but there are 5 time of zero growth (at horizontal line) - Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human, but there are sudden growth in insect (at vertical line) - Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysis occurred in insect - Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis all the time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred at certain time (during ecdysis) - Absorption of air : in human, there are no absorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis TOTAL

1

1 1 1 1

1

1

1

1 1

1 20

10

*2 marks for similarities, 8 marks for differences

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY P2

QUESTION 8 No 8(a)

Criteria Able to explain why there is a variation of blood groups in the offspring 1. The ABO blood group in humans is controlled by three alleles IA, , IB and Io. 2 Alleles IA and IB are codominant but allele Io is recessive. 3 Ahmad is heterozygous for blood group A // Genotype of Ahmad is IA, IO, 4 Amalina is heterozygous for blood group B // Genotype of Amalina is IB, IO 5 Ahmad produces two types of sperms, one containing allele IA and the other containing allele IO . 6 Amalina produces ovum containing allele IO or allele IB 7 When the sperm containing allele IO fertilizes with the ovum containing allele IO the offspring produced will have the genotype IO IO 8 and the phenotype is blood group O. 9 Three of the children who have the blood group O are produced this way and they have the genotype IOIO 10 When the sperm containing the IA allele fertilizes with the ovum containing allele IB then the offspring produced will have the genotype IA IB 11 and the phenotype is blood group AB. 12 One of the children who have the blood group AB is produced this way and has the genotype IA, IB. Any 10 points Genetic diagram:

Parents Genotype PT 3,4

PT 5., 6 Gametes √

Ahmad IA I O

IA

x

Amalina IB IO

IB

IO

Marks

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1

√

IO

Fertilisation

Offspring Genotype IAIB IOIO PT7.10 Phenotype blood group AB blood group B √ Pt 8, 11 (If answer using schematic diagram - only maximum 7 marks) No

Criteria

√

Marks

11

10

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

8b

BIOLOGY P2

Able to explain the effect of genetic engineering on man and the environment Suggested answer Good effects Agriculture F1 Genetic engineering used to produce disease resistant/ pest resistant plants e.g legumes, peas and beans P : Less pesticides are used - less pollution to the environment - better health for consumers. P : increase yield of crops - better livelihood for farmers. - help to solve problems of insufficient food. F2 : create crops with better nutrition value e.g tomatoes with higher vitamin A content - help to solve problems of malnutrition. F3: create crops with longer shelf lives e.g tomato - less food wastage F4 : genetically modified livestock e. g cows - produce meat with less fat / more milk. Medicine F5 : genetically modified bacteria produce insulin P ; for treatment of diabetis mellitus F6: Genetically modified yeast to produce vaccine for hepatitis P: for prevention of diseases. F7: Gene therapy for treatment of genetic disorders/ diseases e.g muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemia P: Defective gene removed and normal gene inserted. Any 2F and P for agriculture, any 1F and P for medicine

Max : 6m

6

Bad effect F1 Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weeds P: may be difficult to control growth of weeds. F2: Some transgenic crops may have animal genes P : this may not be acceptable to certain groups for religious reasons. F3: Genetically modified foods may be harmful to health P: may activate human genes to cause cancer. F4: Transgenic organisms may affect the survival of other organisms in the ecosystem. P: may cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystem F5: Gene therapy used for the treatment of genetic disorder has its limitations. P : may not be acceptable because of religious and moral values. : very costly Any 2F and P Max 4m

4 10 TOTAL

QUESTION 9

12

20

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

No

9

BIOLOGY P2

Criteria

(a)(i)

Marks

Able to discuss the importance of Biodiversity Suggested answer: F- it provides humans with necessities of life P- is a resource for food/timber to build shelter/as a fuel/fibres for clothing. F- many plant species are original sources of pharmaceutical drugs/medicines. P- new commodities, for example, new crop plants or medicinal materials could be developed using the gene pool from wild species in the forests. F- allow for biological control to maintain stable population P- regulate climatic conditions, biogeochemical cycles, prevent flooding F- Natural ecosystems and species in the wild are beautiful P- there is much pleasure to be derived from unspoilt natural environment F- ecotourism P- could provide income for some countries Any 4 points Max

(ii)

4

Able to discuss the Importance of mangrove swamps. Sample answer: -

F: resource for timber used in building industry P : has many varieties of species of mangrove trees F: Mangroves protect the coastlines and prevent coastal erosion. P: The roots of mangrove trees act as wave breakers which stabilise the coastlines. F:: Mangrove swamps are good breeding grounds for fish and crustaceans/ prawns, crabs etc. Important for fishermen P: The calm water and prop roots shelter the spawns from predators F: Serve as habitat for many species of birds, amphibians and reptiles. P: The habitat provides food, shelter, living space, nesting and breeding sites for these animals. F: Serve as natural barriers against torrential storms and tsunamis P: The trees block the water from flooding the land during a storm. Any 6 ponts

13

Max 6

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

(b)(i)

BIOLOGY P2

Able to discuss the uses of microorganisms in ; 1 Waste treatment - rich in organic matters, bacteria and microorganisms - (in oxidation pond)the sewage is decomposed by(millions) of aerobic bacteria(in the presence of oxygen) - Decomposed sewage/sludge settled to the bottom of the pond

1 1

1 -

fermentation takes place at sedimentation tanks

-

using anaerobic bacteria produce methane/carbon dioxide/minerals digested sludge use as fertilizers

1 1 1 Max 5 Any 5 points

(ii)

Food processing - F: Use of yeast in making of bread and cake - P: Fermentation by yeast produces carbon dioxide which makes dough rise. - F: Beer brewed from barley/ wine from grape juice - P: Yeast fermentation of the sugar in barley/ grape produces ethanol - F: Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by bacteria / Lactobacillus sp. / Streptooccus thermophillus - P: Bacteria converts sugar into lactic acid which coagulates the milk to / form yoghurt - F: Cheese made by adding bacteria and rennin to milk. - P: Milk separates into curd and whey/ coagulates - F: Soya sauce made from fermentation of soya bean by fungi - P: Yeast fermentation breaks down soya bean and gives it flavour

Max 5

Any 5 points

TOTAL

14

20

SULIT

4551/3

4551/3 Biology Paper 3 October 2009 1 ½ jam

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH _______________________________________________________

PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY Paper 3

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 10 HALAMAN BERCETAK

4551/3 PPD Melaka Tengah 2009

SULIT

MARK SCHEME

1(a)(i) Score

3

2

4551/3

Explanation Able to state any two observations based on the following criteria: C1 : Numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case. C2 : The time taken for making 30 heart beats. C3 : Reading for C1 and C2 1: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 15 seconds when he runs up and down the stair case two times. 2: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 10 seconds when he runs up and down the stair case four times.

2 1 0 1 (a)(ii) Score

Able to state any one correct observation or two inaccurate response. Able to state one correct observation or two inaccurate response or idea. No response or wrong response

Explanation Able to state two reasonable inferences for the correspond to the observation.

3

1: The heart beats is slow because the boy’s body needs a smaller amount of oxygen supply to run a shorter distance. 2: The heart beats is fast because the boy’s body needs a larger amount of oxygen supply when he runs a longer distance.

2 1 0

Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference. Able to state one correct inference or two inaccurate inference or idea. No response or wrong response

1(b) Score

Explanation Able to state the variable and the method to handle variable correctly (√) for each variable and method

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable The distance run by the boy // the number of times he runs up and down the stair case Responding variable The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times after the running. Fixed variable

3 2 1

The boy, the height of the stair case, the number of heart beats (30) Able to get all 6 (√) Able to get 4 – 5 (√) Able to get 2 – 3 (√)

By running up and down the stair case for different number of times // 2 times, three times and four times.

By taking down the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times after each running and record them in a table. By using the same boy throughout the entire experiment // use the same stair case for all the experiment // by counting the same number of heart beat for all the experiment.

MARK SCHEME

3

4551/3

No response or wrong response

0 1 (c) Score 3

Explanation Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria: P1 (manipulated) P2 (responding) R - State the relationship between P1 and P2. The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the shorter the time his heart takes to beat 30 times after the running.

2

Able to state the hypothesis but less accurate.

1 0

1. Time taken for making 30 heart beat depends on the numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case. Able to state the idea of the hypothesis. No response or wrong response

1(d) Score 3

2 1 0 1(e) Score

Explanation Able to record all the readings the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart beats in the three correctly. 2 times = 15 s 3 times = 12 s 4 times = 10 s Able to record any 2 readings correctly. Able to record any 1 readings correctly. No response or wrong response.

Explanation Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the following criteria:

3 C – state all the numbers of time of running up and down the stair case . D – Transfer all data correctly. (Time taken) (√) T – calculate all the rate of the boy’s heart beat (with unit) (√)

The number of times of running up and down the stair case 2 3 4 2 1 0 1 (f) Score

The time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 beats (s) 15 12 10

(√)

The rate of the boy’s heart beat (times/minutes) 120 150 180

Able to construct a table and record any two criteria Able to construct a table and record any one criteria No response or wrong response

Explanation Able to draw the graph for the rate of the boy’s heart beats against the number of times of running up and down the stair case. P1 – Both axes are labeled with unit and uniform scale. P2 – All points are correctly plotted P3 – Smooth curve (didn’t touch X-axis or/and Y-axis)

MARK SCHEME 3 2 1 0 1(g) Score 3

4

4551/3

Able to get all criteria correct Able to get any two criteria correct Able to get any one criteria correct No response or wrong response

Explanation Able to explain the relationship between the number of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat correctly. The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times, so the higher the rate of the boy’s heart beat.

2

1

0 1(h) Score 3

Able to explain briefly the relationship between the number of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat. Able to explain the idea of relationship between the number of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat. No response or wrong response

Explanation Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with the following aspect. Prediction: P1 – Able to predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the same staircase 5 times. Explanation: P2 – Able to state the changes in number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, P3 – Able to state the changes in the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times,

2 1 0 1(i) Score 3

Sample answer: The rate of the boy’s heart beat would be higher than 180 times per minute because the more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times. Able to predict based on any two criteria. Able to predict based on any one criteria. No response or wrong response

Explanation Able to state the definition of the rate of the heartbeat operationally, complete and correct, based on the following criteria. P1 – basic concept of heartbeat rate P2 – manipulated variable P3 – responding variable Sample answer The heartbeat rate is the number of breaths per minute shown by the time taken

MARK SCHEME

2 1 0 I(j) Score 3

5

4551/3

for making 30 heartbeats and is affected by the number of times the boy runs up and down the staircase. Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on any two criteria. Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on any one criterion or an ideal or hypothesis form. No response or wrong response

Explanation Able to classify all the apparatus and materials used correctly.

Apparatus J tube, basin, boiling tube, ruler, beaker, rubber tubing

Materials Water, potassium pyrogallate solution, potassium hydroxide solution

2

Able to classify all the apparatus correctly but one material wrong// all materials correctly but one apparatus wrong. 5-6 apparatus correct with 2 materials 4-5 apparatus correct with 1 materials

1 0

Able to classify 3-4 apparatus correctly with 1 materials. No response or wrong response

MARK SCHEME

6

4551/3

Question 2:

KB061201 – ( Problem statement) Question Score 2 3

Explanation Able to state the problem statement correctly :

Remarks

C1 : Types of variation // height and attachment of ear lobes C2 : Number of students // number of boys / girls H : Question form Sample answer: 1. Do all the students have the same attachment of ear lobes and height / types of variation? 2. Do different attachment of ear lobes and height affect the number of students? 3. Do the boys and girls have the same attachment of ear lobes and height? 4. How many students have the same attachment of ear lobes and height? 5. What is the number of student in the group having the same attachment of ear lobes and height?

2

Able to state the problem statement of identified problem but incorrect. Sample Answer: 1. Height and attachment of ear lobes affect the number of students ?

1

Able to state an idea only Sample Answer: Attachment of ear lobes/ height affect the number of students?

0

No response or wrong response

Tick

KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis ) Question 2

Score Explanation Able to write a complete hypothesis relating the manipulated variable 3 and responding variable correctly based on: C1 = Manipulated variable = types of variation / types of attachment of ear lobes and height C2 = Responding variable = number of students / boys and girls H = Relationship. Sample answer : 1. Different number of students show different types of ear lobes attachment and height / types of variation // inversely . 2. Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type of ear lobes attachment and (specific range) of height .

Remarks

MARK SCHEME

2

7

4551/3

3. Height is a continuous variation and attachment of ear lobes / is a discontinuous variation. Able to write an incomplete hypothesis statement Sample answer: 1. Students have different types of attachment of ear lobes and height.

1

Tick Able to give an idea of the above hypothesis. Sample answer: 1. Attachment of ear lobes and height varies among the students .

0

No response or wrong response

KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation) Question 2

Score Explanation Remarks 3 Able to state 7-9 aspects of experimental planning which includes the following:  Problem statement – idea level 

Aim of investigation / Objective – Relation between C1 and C2 Sample answer

To investigate the types of variation among students in 5 Jauhari. //To study the number of students with different height and types ear lobes attachment

 

Statement of hypothesis – idea level Variables – Able to state the three variables correctly.

- Types of variation // height and types of ear lobes attachment - Number of students / boys or girls -Same class// same age// same gender // ten students .



List of materials and apparatus

 Technique – Sample answer: Record / count the number of students / boys and girls with different types of variation using meter rule. // Record the height using the meter rule / count the number of students having different types of ear lobes attachment

MARK SCHEME

4551/3

8 Bonus 1 = 1 mark



Procedure / Method of investigation – must have all criteria K1, K2, K3, K4, K5

 -

Data presentation // presentation of result – title and correct unit

Sample Answer : Student’s name

Types of ear lobes attachment

Height (m)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10

Bonus 2 = 1 mark 

Conclusion (CS) – Must write the correct hypothesis again. Reject conclusion., if only write hypothesis accepted.

Sample answer : Different students show different types of attachment of ear lobes/ different height. Hypothesis is accepted. // Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type of ear lobes attachment and (specific range of ) height . // Height is a continuous variation and types of ear lobes attachment/ is a discontinuous variation.

2

Able to state 4 – 6 aspect of planning investigation

1

Able to state 1 - 3 aspect of planning investigation

0

No response or wrong response

Tick

MARK SCHEME

Question Score 2 3

9

4551/3

Explanation Remarks Able to list down the complete and correct procedures/steps used based on the following five criterias K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 : K1 : Setting apparatus and materials: K2 : Operating manipulated variable K3 : Operating responding variable K4 : Operating controlled variables. K5 : Precautions steps Sample Answer: Method / Procedures : 1. Ten names of student in thé same group were written down in a table (include my name) K1 / K4 2. My height is measured by using a metre rule and recorded in a table. K1 3. Thé experiment is repeated by investigating thé types of ear lobes attachment K2 4. Observed the types of ear lobes attachment of the students K1 5. All the observations are recorded. K3 6. Steps 2 until 5 were repeated to other students in thé same group. K2 7. Thé measurement of height and types of ear lobes attachment are repeated twice to get thé average. K5 8. Two graphs on thé number of students against thé types of variation were plotted. K1

2 1 0 Question Score 2 3

3-4 criteria / 3-4 K’s 1- 2 criteria / 1-2 K’s 1 criteria or no response Explanation Able to state all the materials and apparatus correctly:

To get K1, they must be 3 example of K1 To get K2, K3,K4 and K5 they must be at least 1 example

1K a tick

Remarks 3A + 1M

Sample Answer: 1) 2) 3) 4)

2 1 0

Student Graph paper Marker/pen Meter rule / tape

Able to state three of the materials and 3 apparatus Able to state two of the materials and 2 apparatus No response or wrong response

2A +1M 1A + 1M

MARK SCHEME

10

03 3

Report writing Score 3 = 7-9 √

2 1 0

Score 2 = 4-6 √ Score 1 = 1-3 √ No response or wrong response.

4551/3

TOTAL = 17 marks

Question 1: 33 Marks Question 2: 17 Marks (Total

= 50 marks)