Microsoft Word - Trial Stpm Kedah Bio 2009 (paper 1)

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CONFIDENTIAL*

964/1 PERCUBAAN STPM 2009 BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI) PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1) MULTIPLE-CHOICE (ANEKA PILIHAN) One hour and forty-five minutes (Satu jam empat puluh lima minit)

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN BERSAMA STPM 2009 Anjuran Bersama JABATAN PENDIDIKAN KEDAH DARUL AMAN DAN PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA (PKPSM) KEDAH

Instructions to candidates: DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, four suggested anwers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the multiple-choice answer sheet provided. Read the instructions on the multiple-choice answer sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. Arahan kepada calon: JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima puluh soalan dalam kertas ini. Bagi setiap soalan, empat cadangan jawapan diberikan. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada helaian jawapan aneka pilihan yang dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada helaian jawapan aneka pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah ________________________________________________________________________ This question paper consists of 35 printed pages (Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada 35 halaman bercetak) STPM 964/1 This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. *Kertas soalan ini SULIT sehingga peperiksaan kertas ini tamat.

[Turn over (Lihat sebelah) CONFIDENTIAL* SULIT*

CONFIDENTIAL* 1

2

The diagram below shows the structure of steroid hormone.

This steroid hormone is known as A B C D

2

Which of the following statements is true about triglycerides? A B C D

3

It has lower calorific value than carbohydrate. It forms hydrogen bonds with water molecule. It is more dense than water. It has a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio compared to carbohydrates.

Which of the following statement is true about eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A B C D

4

Progesterone Testosterone Cholesterol Oestrogen

Prokaryotes Chloroplasts present in cynobacteria. Cell wall consists of chitin No plasmids Protein is synthesised by 80 ribosomes

Eukaryotes Chloroplasts present in plant cell and algae Cell wall consists of cellulose Have plasmids Protein is synthesised by 70 ribosomes

Which organelle is abundantly found in nerve cells, pancreatic cells and cells of the root apex? A B C D

Lysosome Mitochondrion Golgi body Microfilament

964/1 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*

SULIT* 1

3

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur bagi hormon steroid.

Hormon steroid ini dikenali sebagai A B C D

2

Antara berikut yang manakah pernyataan yang benar mengenai trigliserid? A B C D

3

4

progesteron testosteron kolesterol estrogen

Nilai kalorinya adalah lebih rendah daripada karbohidrat. Ia membentuk ikatan hydrogen apabila berpadu dengan molekul air. Ia lebih tumpat dari air. Nisbah hidrogen terhadap oksigen adalah lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan karbohidrat.

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai eukariot dan prokariot?

A

Prokariot Terdapat kloroplas pada sianobakteria.

B C D

Dinding sel terdiri daripada kitin. Tiada plasmid Protein disintesiskan oleh 80 ribosom

Eukariot Terdapat kloroplas pada sel tumbuhan dan alga Dinding sel terdiri daripada selulosa Ada plasmid. Protein disintesiskan oleh 70 ribosom

Organel yang manakah banyak terdapat dalam sel saraf, sel pankreas dan sel pada hujung akar? A B C D

Lisosom Mitokondrion Jasad golgi Mikrofilamen

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CONFIDENTIAL* 5

Which statement best explains why enzymes are specific in their action? A B C D

6

4

Enzymes have polypeptide chains Enzymes have large fibrous protein Enzymes are not changed or consumed during reaction Enzymes have specific surface configuration

The Lineweaver-Burk plot below shows an enzyme-catalysed reaction. 1 V

With inhibitor

Without inhibitor

S

1

[S]

P

Which of the following is true for values P and S on the graph? P S A

1 Km



B

1 Km

C

1 Km

D







1 Km

1 Vmax 1 Vmax 1 Vmax 1 Vmax

Calvin Cycle

7 Bundle Sheath Cells

Z Y Mesophyll cells

oxaloacetate

X

What do X, Y and Z represent? X Y Malate Phosphoenol pyruvate A Phosphoenol pyruvate Malate B Carbon dioxide Malate C Phosphoenol pyruvate Pyruvate D

Z Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Phosphoenol pyruvate Hexose phosphate

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SULIT* 5

Antara berikut yang manakah menerangkan mengapa enzim bertindak secara khusus? A B C D

6

5

Enzim terdiri daripada rantai polipeptida Enzim mempunyai protein fiber yang besar Enzim tidak berubah atau tidak digunakan semasa tindakbalas Enzim mempunyai konfigurasi permukaan yang khusus.

Tindakbalas yang dimangkinkan oleh enzim diplotkan seperti di bawah. 1 V

Dengan perencat

Tanpa perencat

S

1

[S ] Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang nilai yang ditunjukkan oleh P dan S pada graf ? P S P

A



1 Km

B

1 Km

C

1 Km

D







1 Km

1 Vmax 1 Vmax 1 Vmax 1 Vmax

Kitar Calvin

7 Sel Salut Berkas

Z Y Sel Mesofil

oksaloasetat Apakah yang diwakili oleh X, Y dan Z? X Y Malat Fosfoenol piruvat A Fosfoenol piruvat Malat B Karbon dioksida Malat C Fosfoenol piruvat Piruvat D

X

Z Karbon dioksida Karbon dioksida Fosfoenol piruvat Heksosa fosfat

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CONFIDENTIAL* 8

Which enzyme catalyses the fixation of carbon dioxide in the chloroplast of C4 mesophyll cells? A B C D

9

6

PEP carboxylase Oxaloacetate RuBP carboxylase Malate

Which of the following reactions in glycolysis is catalysed by phosphofructokinase? A B C D

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate to fructose Glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. Fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-diphosphate Fructose 1,6-diphosphate to two triose phosphate

10 Which of the following statements are true about respiration? I II III IV

Glycolysis causes 6C glucose to be broken up into two 3C pyruvate compound Krebs cycle and electron transport system occur in the cell cytosol The Krebs cycle involves decarboxylation and dehydrogenation During Glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs twice.

A B C D

I only II and III only I, III and IV only I, II, III and IV

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Enzim yang manakah memangkinkan pengikatan karbon dioksida di dalam kloroplas sel mesofil C4? A B C D

9

7

PEP karboksilase Oksaloasetat RuBP karboksilase Malat

Antara berikut yang manakah tindakbalas glikolisis yang dimangkinkan oleh fosfofruktokinase? A B C D

Fruktosa 1,6-difosfat kepada fruktosa Glucosa 6-fosfat kepada fruktosa 6-fosfat. Fruktosa 6-fosfat kepada fruktosa 1,6-difosfat Fruktosa 1,6-difosfat kepada dua triosa fosfat

10 Antara berikut yang manakah benar mengenai respirasi? I II III IV

Glikolisis menyebabkan glukosa 6C terurai kepada dua sebatian piruvat 3C Kitar Krebs dan sistem pengangkutan elektron berlaku di dalam sitosol. Dikarboksilasi dan dihidrogenasi ada dalam Kitar Krebs Semasa glikolisis, fosforilasi substrat berlaku dua kali.

A B C D

I sahaja II dan III sahaja I, III dan IV sahaja I, II, III dan IV

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CONFIDENTIAL* 11

8

The graph below showss the oxygen dissociation curve of human haemoglobin under different partial pressures of carbon dioxide.

Arrange the above oxygen dissociation curve based on the ascending nding order of partial pressure of carbon dioxide. A B C D

P  Q R P  R Q Q  P R R  Q P

12 Why is haemoglobin an efficient transporter of oxygen? A B C D

It can bind with oxygen at very low partial pressures of oxygen It dissolves in the plasma It contains nuclei It contains haem prosthetic group that that has ferum atom at its core. core

13 The following table shows the phases of cardiac cycle. Which of the following correctly matches each phase of cardiac cycle and its event? Phase p) Diastole

q) Systole

A B C D

I p q p p

I) II) III) IV)

II q p p q

Event Atria and ventricles relax. Blood lood flows into the right and left atria. Ventricles contract Atrioventricular trioventricular valves close and semilunar valves open. III p q q q

IV q p q p

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Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung penceraian oksigen di dalam haemoglobin manusia di bawah tekanan separa karbon dioksida yang berbeza. Peratus ketepuan hemoglobin

11

9

Tekanan separa oksigen / mm Hg

Susunkan lengkung penceraian oksigen mengikut turutan menaik bagi tekanan separa karbon dioksida. A B C D

12

P Q R P RQ Q PR R QP

Mengapakah haemoglobin efisien sebagai pengangkut oksigen? A B C D

Ia boleh mengikat oksigen pada tekanan separa oksigen yang rendah. Ia larut dalam plasma Ia mengandungi nukleus Ia terdiri dari haem kumpulan kumpula prostetik dimana atom ferum berada di tengahnya.

13 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan fasa bagi kitar kardiak. Antara berikut yang manakah dipadankan dengan betul fasa kitar kardiak dan pertistiwa yang berlaku? laku? Fasa p) Diastole

q) Sistole

A B C D

I p q p p

Peristiwa I) Atria dan ventrikel mengendur. II) Darah masuk ke dalam atria kanan dan kiri. III) Ventrikel mengecut IV) Injap atrioventrikular tutup utup and injap semilunar buka. II q p p q

III p q q q

IV q p q p

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CONFIDENTIAL* 10 14 Which of the following statements are not true about Casparian Strip? I II III IV A B C D 15

It covers the whole endodermis cell It consists of suberin, which is impermeable to water. It is a thickening strip of endodermis cell It ensures that water crosses the root through the apoplast pathway only. I and II only II and IV only III and IV only I and IV only

Which factors affect the opening and closing of stomata? I II III IV A B C D

Concentration of oxygen Changes in the potassium ion concentration in the guard cell Changes in the starch-malate equilibrium Circadian rhythms. I and II only II, III and IV only I, III and IV only I, II, III and IV

16 Which hormone triggers closing of the stomata when soil water is insufficient to keep up with transpiration. A B C D

17

Abscisic acid Antidiuretic hormone Auxin Gibberellin

Water diffuses into the cytoplasm of one cell and moves from cytoplasm to cytoplasm through the plasmodesmata is called A B C D

apoplast pathway simplast pathway vacuolar pathway cellulose pathway

964/1 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*

SULIT* 11 14 Antara berikut yang manakah tidak benar mengenai Jalur Casparian? I II III IV

Ia menutupi keseluruhan sel endodermis. Ia terdiri dari suberin. Ia adalah penebalan jalur sel endodermis Ia memastikan lintasan air pada akar adalah melalui lintasan apoplas sahaja.

A B C D

I dan II sahaja II dan IV sahaja III dan IV sahaja I dan IV sahaja

15 Apakah faktor –faktor yang mempengaruhi pembukaan dan penutupan stoma? I II III IV

Kepekatan oksigen Perubahan dalam kepekatan ion kalium dalam sel pengawal. Perubahan pada keseimbangan kanji-malat Rentak Circadian

A B C D

I dan II sahaja II, III dan IV sahaja I, III dan IV sahaja I, II, III dan IV

16 Apakah hormon yang terlibat dalam penutupan stoma apabila air tanah tidak mencukupi untuk proses transpirasi?. A B C D

Asid Absisik Hormon antidiuretik Auksin Gibberellin

17 Air yang meresap ke dalam sitoplasma dan bergerak dari satu sitoplasma ke satu sitoplasma yang lain melalui plasmodesmata adalah melalui A B C D

lintasan apoplas lintasan simplas lintasan vakuol lintasan selulosa

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CONFIDENTIAL* 12 18 Which hypothesis of translocation in phloem assumes that energy required for translocation is obtained from a potential difference across a sieve plate? A B C D 19

Cytoplasmic streaming hypothesis Cohesion-tension tension hypothesis Electro-osmosis osmosis hyphothesis Peristaltic wave hypothesis

The diagram below shows changes in osmotic concentration in the Loop of Henle.

Which of the following causes a lowering of the osmotic concentration in the ascending limb? A B C D

20

The decending limb is permeable to dissolve salutes The ascending limb is permeable to urea. The ascending limb is permeable to water Na+ and Cl- ions move out of the ascending limb limb by active transport

Which of the following statements about the excess amino acid in mammal’s protein prot metabolism are true? I II III IV

Deamination occurs and amino acid is excreted as ammonia in urine. Deamination occurs and amino group is excreted as urea. Excreted as albumin in urine. Producess other amino acid needed through transamination

A B C D

I and II only I and III only II and IV only III and IV only

964/1 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*

SULIT* 13 ah hipotesis translokasi dalam floem yang menunjukkan tenaga yang 18 Manakah diperlukan untuk proses translokasi adalah daripada keupayaan yang berbeza merentasi tiub tapis? A B C D

Hipotesis sitoplasmik Hipotesis tegangan-lekitan tegangan Hipotesis elektroosmosis Hipotesis gelombang peristaltik

perubahan kepekatan osmosis dalam Liku Henle. 19 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan perubahan

Lengan menurun

Lengan menaik

Apakah yang menyebabkan penurunan kepekatan osmosis pada lengan menaik? A B C D

Lengan menurun telap terhadap pelarut Lengan menaik telap terhadap urea. Lengan menaik telap terhadap air Na+ dan Cl- bergerak keluar dari lengan menaik melalui pengangkutan aktif.

20 Pernyataan manakah benar mengenai lebihan asid amino dalam metabolisme protein bagi mamalia? I II III IV

Deaminasi berlaku dan asid amino dikumuh sebagai ammonia dalam air kencing. Deaminasi berlaku dan kumpulan amino dikumuh sebagai urea. Perkumuhan albumin dalam air kencing. Menghasilkan enghasilkan asid amino perlu melalui transminasi..

A B C D

I dan II sahaja I dan III sahaja II dan IV sahaja III dan IV sahaja

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CONFIDENTIAL* 14 21 The following statements are the events that occur during the contraction of muscle. I II III IV

Calcium ions bind to troponin Reorientation of tropomyosin to expose the myosin head binding site on actin. Myosin head binds to the binding site on actin forming cross-bridge. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The correct sequence for the events above is A B C D

22

I, III, IV, II IV, I, II, III I, II, IV, III I, II, III, IV

The table below shows two types of nervous systems and their effects. Types of nervous system a) Parasympathetic nerves

Effect of nervous system I) Constricts pupil II) Accelerates heartbeat III) Stimulates salivation IV) Relaxes bronchi

b) Sympathetic nerves

Which of the following correctly matches each type of nervous system and its effects?

A B C D

I a a b a

II b a a b

III a b b b

IV b b a a

964/1 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*

SULIT* 15 21 Pernyataan-pernyataan di bawah menunjukkan peristiwa –peristiwa yang berlaku semasa pengecutan otot. I II III IV

Ion-ion kalsium terikat kepada troponin Orientasi semula tropomiosin bagi membolehkan kepala miosin terikat pada tapak perlekatan aktin. Kepala miosin terikat kepada tapak perlekatan pada aktin untuk membentuk jambatan-silang Ion kalsium dibebaskan dari retikulum sarkoplasmik.

Turutan yang manakah betul mengenai perkara di atas. A B C D

22

I, III, IV, II IV, I, II, III I, II, IV, III I, II, III, IV

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan dua jenis sistem saraf dan kesan- kesannya. Jenis sistem saraf a) Saraf parasimpetatik

Tindakan sistem saraf I) Pupil mengecut II) Mempercepatkan degupan jantung III) Meransang rembesan air liur IV) Bronkus mengendur

b) Saraf simpatetik

Manakah antara padanan berikut betul bagi setiap sistem saraf dan kesannya?

A B C D

I a a b a

II b a a b

III a b b b

IV b b a a

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CONFIDENTIAL* 16 23 The diagram below shows the life cycle of Dryopteris.

What do P,Q and R represent?

A B C D

24

P Gametophyte Gametophyte Sporophyte Sporophyte

Q Meiosis Sporophyte Gametophyte Meiosis

R Sporophyte Meiosis Meiosis Gametophyte

In the life cycle of Mucor sp. meiosis occurs during the A B C D

Development of oospheres Formation of male and female gamete The formation of sporangium Development of the zygote

25 Which of the following is the cell-mediated response in immunity? A B C D

T-lymphocytes hydrolyse infected cell Agglutination of cells occurs. Pathogen are destroyed by the action of cytotoxic effector T cells. Immunoglobulin are produced.

964/1 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*

SULIT* 17 23 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan kitar hidup bagi Dryopteris.

Zigot

Sel telur

Arkegonium

Anterozoid

Anteridium Spora

Apakah yang diwakili oleh P,Q dan R?

A B C D

P Gametofit Gametofit Sporofit Sporofit

Q Meiosis Sporofit Gametofit Meiosis

R Sporofit Meiosis Meiosis Gametofit

24 Bilakah meiosis berlaku dalam kitar hidup Mucor sp.? A B C D

Pembentukan oosfera Pembentukan gamet jantan dan betina Pembentukan sporangium Tumbesaran zigot

25 Antara berikut yang manakah gerakbalas sel- perantara dalam keimunan? A B C D

Limfosit –T menghidrolisis sel terjangkit Aglutinasi sel berlaku. Patogen dimusnahkan oleh tindakan sel –T sitotoksik efektor. Immunoglobulin terhasil

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CONFIDENTIAL* 26

18

The table below shows some plant hormones and their functions.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Hormone Auxin Abscisic acid Ethene Gibberellin Cytokinin

Functions I Promotes ‘bolting’ in some rosette plants. II Promotes fruit ripening. III Promotes abscission of fruits and leaves. IV Promotes stem elongation. V Promotes cell division and delays leaf senescence.

Which of the following is the correct match?

A B C D

(a) I II III IV

(b) II I IV III

(c) III IV I II

(d) IV V V I

(e) V III II V

27 The statements below refer to the mechanism of hormone action. I II III IV V

The hormone binds with a specific receptor on the cell membrane. The hormone crosses the cell membrane. The hormone-receptor complex binds with a G protein. Adenyl cyclase hydrolyses ATP. Activation of specific genes in the DNA.

Which of the statements describe the action of adrenaline? A B C D

II and V I, II and IV I, III and IV I, II, III and V

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19

26 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan beberapa hormon tumbuhan dan fungsinya. Hormon (a) Auksin (b) (c) (d) (e)

Asid absisik Etena Giberelin Sitokinin

Fungsi I Menggalakkan pemanjangan ruas batang pada sesetengah tumbuhan roset. II Menggalakkan pemasakan buah. III Menggalakkan keluruhan buah dan daun. IV Menggalakkan pemanjangan batang. V Menggalakkan pembahagian sel dan penangguhan proses penuaan daun.

Antara berikut, manakah pasangan yang betul?

A B C D

(a) I II III IV

(b) II I IV III

(c) III IV I II

(d) IV V V I

(e) V III II V

27 Pernyataan di bawah menerangkan mekanisme tindakan hormon. I II III IV V

Hormon bergabung dengan reseptor spesifik pada membran sel. Hormon merentasi membran sel. Kompleks hormon-receptor bergabung dengan protein G. Adenil siklase menghidrolisis ATP. Pengaktifan gen spesifik pada DNA.

Penyataan yang manakah menerangkan tindakan adrenalin? A B C D

II dan V I, II dan IV I, III, dan IV I, II, III dan V

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20

28 The table below shows three types of germ layers and the tissues or organs which are formed from it. Which of the following combinations are correct?

A B C D

29

Layers Ectoderm (a)

I

Organs or Systems Skeletal, muscle, circulatory, reproductive and kidney

Mesoderm (b) Endoderm (c)

II III

Lining of digestive tract, liver and pancreas Epidermis, nervous system

(a)(I), (b)(II), (c)(III) (a)(III), (b)(II), (c)(I) (a) (III), (b)(I), (c)(II) (a)(II), (b)(I), (c)(III)

Which of the following is incorrectly paired? A B C D

Oxytocin — stimulates rhythmic contraction of uterus during labour. Prolactin — stimulates lactation. Oestrogen — inhibits uterus contraction . Progesterone — promotes development of mammary glands during pregnancy.

30 The growth of an organ that is non-proportional to that of the whole body is called A B C D

isometric growth allometric growth intermittent growth limited growth

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21

28 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tiga lapisan germa dan tisu atau organ yang terbentuk daripadanya. Manakah pasangan yang betul? Lapisan Ektoderma (a) Mesoderma (b) Endoderma (c) A B C D

I II III

Organ atau Sistem Sistem rangka, otot, peredaran, pembiakan dan ginjal Pelapik sistem pencernaan, hati dan pankreas Epidermis, sistem saraf

(a)(I), (b)(II), (c)(III) (a)(III), (b)(II), (c)(I) (a) (III), (b)(I), (c)(II) (a)(II), (b)(I), (c)(III)

29 Antara berikut, pasangan yang manakah salah dipadankan? A B C D

Oksitosin — merangsang gelombang pengecutan otot uterus semasa kelahiran. Prolaktin — merangsang laktasi Estrogen — menghalang pengecutan uterus Progesteron — merangsang perkembangan kelenjar susu semasa kehamilan.

30 Pertumbuhan organ tidak berkadar dengan pertumbuhan keseluruhan badan dinamakan A B C D

pertumbuhan isometri pertumbuhan allometri pertumbuhan bertangga pertumbuhan terhad

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22

31 The graph below shows experimental data gathered from a bean plant. Growth rate / height

Which of the following is correct for curves x, y and z?

A B C D

32

Absolute growth rate x y y z

Relative growth rate y x z y

Height z z x x

A cross between a pure-breed black cat and a pure breed white cat gives rise to black, white and grey cats with ratio 1: 1: 2 respectively in the F1 generation, the alleles involved in the traits are probably A B C D

homozygous lethal alleles codominant linked

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31 Graf di bawah menunjukkan data eksperimen suatu tumbuhan kekacang. Kadar pertumbuhan / ketingggian

Masa

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang graf X, Y dan Z ?

A B C D

32

Kadar pertumbuhan mutlak x y y z

Kadar pertumbuhan relatif y x z y

Ketinggian z z x x

Satu kacukan antara kucing hitam baka tulen dengan kucing putih baka tulen menghasilkan kucing hitam, putih dan kelabu dengan kadar 1:1:2 dalam generasi F1. Alel yang terlibat berkemungkinan A B C D

homozigus alel maut kodominan berangkai

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CONFIDENTIAL* 33

24

The following family tree shows the inheritance of a blood disease.

Male with disease

Female with disease

What is the genetic basis of the blood disease? A B C D

Autosomal dominant Sex-linked dominant Autosomal recessive Sex-linked recessive

34 The diagram above shows a homologous chromosome pair. What type of chromosome mutation has occurred? A B C D

Deletion Translocation Insertion Inversion

35 A linkage group is composed of genes which A B C D

affect the same characteristic. are in the same nucleus. segregate at mitosis. are situated on same chromosome.

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25

Salasilah keluarga di bawah menunjukkan pewarisan suatu penyakit darah.

Kekunci: Lelaki normal

Perempuan normal

Lelaki dengan penyakit

Perempuan dengan penyakit

Apakah asas genetik penyakit darah tersebut? A B C D

Autosom dominan Gen terangkai seks dominan Autosom resesif Gen terangkai seks resesif

Sepasang kromosom homolog

34

Rajah di atas menunjukkkan sepasang kromosom homolog. Apakah jenis mutasi kromosom yang telah berlaku? A B C D

35

Pelenyapan Translokasi Penyisipan Penyongsangan

Kumpulan berangkai terdiri daripada gen yang A B C D

mempengaruhi ciri yang sama. berada di dalam nukleus. mengasing semasa mitosis. berada pada kromosom yang serupa.

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CONFIDENTIAL* 26 36 Which of the following changes to a segment of a gene containing ATTCCG triplet code has the most serious effect on an individual? A B C D

37

ACTCCG TTACAG ATTACCG ATTGTGCCG

In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 16% of the individuals show the recessive trait. What is the frequency of the dominant allele in the population? A B C D

0.84 0.36 0.6 0.4

38 Which of the following conditions must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? I II III IV

Population size is large. Migration only occurs at the beginning of the breeding season. Natural selection does not occur. Mutations occur at constant rates.

A B C D

II and VI I and III I and II II, III, and IV

39 Which of the following statements is true for the lac operon? A B C D

It is a repressible operon. Lactose is the product. The operon is ‘switched on’ when repressor is present. It controls a catabolic pathway.

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Antara berikut, yang manakah perubahan segmen gen yang mengandungi kod triplet ATTCCG akan memberi kesan paling serius pada seseorang individu? A B C D

37

27

ACTCCG TTACAG ATTACCG ATTGTGCCG

Dalam satu populasi yang berada dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg, 16% individu menunjukkan ciri resesif. Apakah kekerapan alel dominan dalam populasi itu? A B C D

0.84 0.36 0.6 0.4

38 Antara keadaan berikut, yang manakah perlu dipenuhi untuk membolehkan suatu populasi berada dalam keadaan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg.

39

I II III IV

Saiz populasi yang besar. Perpindahan hanya berlaku pada permulaan musim pembiakan. Pemilihan semulajadi tidak berlaku. Mutasi berlaku dengan kadar yang tetap.

A B C D

II dan VI I dan III I dan II II, III, dan IV

Antara berikut, yang manakah penyataan benar tentang operon laktosa? A B C D

Ia merupakan satu operon represi. Laktosa ialah hasil. Operon ini dihidupkan apabila represor hadir. Ia mengawal satu laluan katabolik.

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28

The diagram below represents a part of DNA which controls the synthesis of β-galactosidase.

The table shows the parts of DNA and their functions. Function Part R (a) binding site for repressor protein P (b) codes synthesis of repressor protein O (c) binding site for RNA polymerase Which of the following combinations is correct? A B C D

R (a) (b) (c) (b)

P (b) (c) (a) (a)

O (c) (a) (b) (c)

41 Plasmids A and B have the gene resistance to antibiotic X and Y respectively. What would be the processes involved to generate plasmid C? A B C D

Digestion with restriction enzyme and ligation Digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR PCR and ligation PCR and transformation

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Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bahagian DNA yang mengawal sintesis β-galaktosidase. β

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan bahagian DNA dan fungsinya. Part Function R (a) Tapak pengikatan untuk protein represor P (b) Kod untuk sintesis protein represor O (c) Tapak pengikatan untuk RNA polimerase Antara kombinasi yang berikut, yang manakah benar? A B C D

41

R (a) (b) (c) (b)

P (b) (c) (a) (a)

O (c) (a) (b) (c)

Plasmid A dan B masing-masing masing mempunyai gen yang rintang terhadap antibiotik X dan Y. Apakah proses untuk menghasilkan plasmid C? A B C D

Penghadaman dengan enzim pembatasan dan pencantuman Penghazaman dengan enzim pembatasan dan PCR PCR and pencantuman PCR and transformasi

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30

42 Which of the following are characteristics of cloning vectors? I II III IV

They are able to accept foreign DNA. They can replicate freely in their host cells. They harm their host cells. They are able to express the cloned genes.

A B C D

I and III II and IV I, II, and III I, II, and IV

43 Which of the following statement is/are true of an artificial classification system? I II III IV

The system is based on phylogenetic relationship The system can be used to construct dichotomous keys. Organisms are placed into groups for specific purposes. Organisms are placed into groups according to their different characteristics which are arbitrarily chosen.

A B C D

I only I and II only II, III and IV only III and IV only

44 The following dichotomous key is prepared for five types of animal 1. Animals with back bone…………………………go to number 2 Animals without back bone……………………...go to number 3 2. Body with dry scales……………………………………………P Body without scales…………………………………………….Q 3. A pair of antennae………………………………..go to number 4 Two pairs of antennae………….…………………….................R 4. Three pairs of mouth parts………..……………………………..S A pair of jaws…………………………………………………...T

What is the animal P, Q, R, S and T? P

Q

R

S

T

A

Snake

Frog

Cockroach

Prawn

Centipede

B

Frog

Snake

Cockroach

Centipede

Prawn

C

Snake

Frog

Centipede

Prawn

Cockroach

D

Snake

Frog

Prawn

Cockroach

Centipede

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42 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah sifat vektor pengklonan? I II III IV

Ia boleh menerima DNA asing. Ia boleh mereplikasi secara bebas dalam sel perumah. Ia mengancam sel perumah. Ia berupaya mengekpresi gen klon tersebut.

A B C D

I dan III II dan IV I, II, dan III I, II, dan IV

43 Antara penyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang sistem pengelasan buatan? I II III IV

Sistem itu berasaskan hubungan filogeni Sistem itu boleh digunakan untuk membina kekunci dikotomi Organisma diletakkan dalam kumpulan bagi tujuan tertentu Organisma diletakkan dalam kumpulan mengikut perbezaan ciri yang dipilih secara sembarangan

A B C D

I sahaja I dan II sahaja II, III dan IV sahaja III dan IV sahaja

44 Kekunci dikotomi berikut disediakan untuk lima jenis haiwan. 1. Haiwan dengan tulang belakang ……………………………. ke nombor 2 Haiwan tanpa tulang belakang ……………………………… ke nombor 3 2. Badan mempunyai sisik kering …………………………………………P Badan tanpa sisik ……………………………………………………… Q 3. Sepasang antena …………………………………………… ke nombor 4 Dua pasang antena….......................……………………………………..R 4. Tiga pasang bahagian mulut……………………………………………..S Sepasang rahang………………………………………………………….T

Apakah haiwan P, Q, R, S dan T? P

Q

R

S

A

Ular

Katak

Lipas

Udang

Lipan

B

Katak

Ular

Lipas

Lipan

Udang

C

Ular

Katak

Lipan

Udang

Lipas

D

Ular

Katak

Udang

Lipas

Lipan

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T

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32

The table below shows four phyla and their examples Phylum I Fungi II Bryophyta III Filicinophyta IV Angiospermophyta

Example (a) Helianthus (b) Dryopteris (c) Marchantia (d) Mucor

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A B C D

46

I (a) (c) (d) (d)

II (b) (d) (a) (c)

III (c) (a) (b) (b)

IV (d) (b) (c) (a)

Which of the following statements is/are true about the disruptive selection? I

Destroys the minority individuals from both ends of the phenotypic distribution range. II Destroys the majority individuals from the middle of the phenotypic distribution range. III Increases the variation in the population. A B C D

47

III only I and II only II and III only I, II and III

Which is not associated with speciation? A B C D

Isolation In breeding Genetic drift Adaptive radiation

48 Which of the following is not true of an ecosystem? A B C D

Phytoplanktons are producers. The last consumer obtains the highest energy. Ecosystem is an open system with input and output of energies. Heterotrophs include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers and detritivores.

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Jadual di bawah menunjukkan empat filum tumbuhan dan contohnya

I II III IV

Filum Fungi Bryophyta Filicinophyta Angiospermophyta

Contoh (a) Helianthus (b) Dryopteris (c) Marchantia (d) Mucor

Padanan yang manakah betul?

A B C D

I (a) (c) (d) (d)

II (b) (d) (a) (c)

III (c) (a) (b) (b)

IV (d) (b) (c) (a)

46 Antara penyataan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang pemilihan porak-peranda? I Menghapuskan individu yang minoriti daripada kedua-dua hujung julat taburan fenotip. II Menghapuskan individu majoriti dari tengah taburan fenotip. III Meningkatkan variasi dalam populasi. A B C D

III sahaja I dan II sahaja II dan III sahaja I, II dan III

47 Yang manakah yang tidak berkaitan dengan penspesisan? A B C D

Pemencilan Pembiakbakaan dalam Hanyutan genetik Sinaran adaptif

48 Yang mana di antara berikut tidak benar tentang ekosistem? A B C D

Fitoplankton adalah pengeluar. Pengguna terakhir mendapat paling banyak tenaga. Ekosistem ialah satu sistem terbuka yang mempunyai tenaga input dan tenaga output. Heterotrof termasuklah herbivor, karnivor, omnivor, pengurai dan detritivor.

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34

49 Which of the following are correct about the term niche? I II III IV V

The trophic level of an organism in its community. The functions of an organism in the form of energy flow and nutrient cycle. The method of how an organism makes use of its environment in order to live. A group of plants and animals living naturally in an environment. An ecological unit built from the relationships among the organisms in the community and the relationships between the organisms and the environment.

A B C D

I and II IV and V I, II, and III III, IV, and V

50 In an experiment, a 25cm x 25cm quadrat was used to determine the density of the plant Mimosa pudica in the area R and S. The results of the experiment were as below.

Quadrat Number of plants in R Number of plants in S

1 5 3

2 10 4

3 9 3

4 0 2

5 7 1

6 6 0

7 5 4

8 9 1

9 0 2

10 9 0

What is the density of the plant Mimosa pudica per square meter in R and S?

A B C D

Area R 40 60 96 120

Area S 16 20 32 40

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35

Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang istilah nic? I II III IV V

A B C D

Paras trofik sesuatu organisma dalam komunitinya. Fungsi sesuatu organisma dalam bentuk aliran tenaga dan kitar nutrien. Kaedah bagaimana sesuatu organisma menggunakan persekitaran untuk hidup. Sekumpulan tumbuhan dan haiwan yang tinggal secara semulajadi dalam sesuatu persekitaran. Satu unit ekologi yang terbentuk daripada hubungan antara organisma dalam komuniti dan hubungan antara organisma dan persekitaran. I dan II IV dan V I, II dan III III, IV dan V

50 Dalam satu eksperiment, kuadrat 25cm x 25cm digunakan untuk menentukan kepadatan tumbuhan Mimosa pudica di kawasan R dan S. Keputusan eksperimen adalah seperti berikut.

Kuadrat Bilangan tumbuhan di R Bilangan tumbuhan di S

1 5 3

2 10 4

3 9 3

4 0 2

5 7 1

6 6 0

7 5 4

8 9 1

9 0 2

10 9 0

Apakah kepadatan tumbuhan Mimosa pudica dalam setiap meter persegi di R dan S?

A B C D

Kawasan R 40 60 96 120

Kawasan S 16 20 32 40

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