Lesson 14
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Lesson Fourteen: The Noun of Usage [ﻢ ﺍﻵﻟﹶﺔﺍﺳ] PRINCIPLE ONE
The noun of usage (ﺍﻵﻟﹶﺔ
ﻢﺍﺳ) indicates a tool used to produce the action described by the base letters. For example, the letters ﻝ-ﻉ- ﻑmean “to do” and its noun of usage ﻞﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ refers to a tool used to perform an act.
PRINCIPLE TWO
The noun of usage is produced by placing the base letters on one of three patterns: (1)
ﻞﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ , (2) ﻌﻠﹶﺔ ﻣ ﹾﻔ , and (3) ﺎﻝﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ . These are designated as short,
medium, and long according to the number of letters in each pattern (table 14.1). A given set of base letters may use one, two, or all three of these patterns. For example, the letters
ﺡ-ﺕ- ﻑmean, “to open” and
its noun of usage ﺎﺡﻣ ﹾﻔﺘ refers to a tool used to open (i.e., a key). PRINCIPLE THREE
The noun of usage does not have a feminine form. PRINCIPLE FOUR
The dual for the noun of usage is constructed in a manner similar to that outlined for dual of the active participle (lesson eleven). PRINCIPLE FIVE
The noun of usage uses a broken plural that is ghair munsarif (ﺼﺮﹺﻑ ﻨ ﻣ ﺮ) ﹶﻏﻴ. Recall that ghair munsarif words neither permit double vowels [tanwīn] nor a single kasrah on their last letter (lesson thirteen). ESSENTIAL NOTE
The conjugations of the noun of usage must be memorized (table 14.1) before moving to the next lesson.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSICAL ARABIC
70
TABLE 14.1 THE THREE PATTERNS FOR THE NOUN OF USAGE PATTERN A (SHORT)
MASCULINE BROKEN PLURAL
DUAL
SINGULAR
ﻋﻞﹸ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻥ ﻼ ﻌ ﹶ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌ ﹲﻞ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻋ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻼ ﻌ ﹰ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻴ ﹶﻞﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌ ﹴﻞ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺐﻧﺼ ﺮ ﺟ
PATTERN B (MEDIUM)
MASCULINE BROKEN PLURAL
DUAL
SINGULAR
ﻋﻞﹸ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻥ ﺎﻌﹶﻠﺘ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻋ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺘﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻋ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺘﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﺔ ﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺐﻧﺼ ﺮ ﺟ
PATTERN C (LONG)
MASCULINE BROKEN PLURAL
DUAL
SINGULAR
ﻴﻞﹸﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻥ ﺎ ﹶﻻﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
ﺎ ﹲﻝﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻴ ﹶﻞﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺎﹶﻟﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
ﺎ ﹰﻻﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻴ ﹶﻞﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺎﹶﻟﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
ﺎ ﹴﻝﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺐﻧﺼ ﺮ ﺟ
The noun of usage (ﺍﻵﻟﹶﺔ
ﻢﺍﺳ) indicates a tool used to produce the action described by the base letters. For example, the letters ﻝ-ﻉ- ﻑmean “to do” and its noun of usage ﻞﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ refers to a tool used to perform an act.
PRINCIPLE TWO
The noun of usage is produced by placing the base letters on one of three patterns: (1)
ﻞﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ , (2) ﻌﻠﹶﺔ ﻣ ﹾﻔ , and (3) ﺎﻝﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ . These are designated as short,
medium, and long according to the number of letters in each pattern (table 14.1). A given set of base letters may use one, two, or all three of these patterns. For example, the letters
ﺡ-ﺕ- ﻑmean, “to open” and
its noun of usage ﺎﺡﻣ ﹾﻔﺘ refers to a tool used to open (i.e., a key). PRINCIPLE THREE
The noun of usage does not have a feminine form. PRINCIPLE FOUR
The dual for the noun of usage is constructed in a manner similar to that outlined for dual of the active participle (lesson eleven). PRINCIPLE FIVE
The noun of usage uses a broken plural that is ghair munsarif (ﺼﺮﹺﻑ ﻨ ﻣ ﺮ) ﹶﻏﻴ. Recall that ghair munsarif words neither permit double vowels [tanwīn] nor a single kasrah on their last letter (lesson thirteen). ESSENTIAL NOTE
The conjugations of the noun of usage must be memorized (table 14.1) before moving to the next lesson.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSICAL ARABIC
70
TABLE 14.1 THE THREE PATTERNS FOR THE NOUN OF USAGE PATTERN A (SHORT)
MASCULINE BROKEN PLURAL
DUAL
SINGULAR
ﻋﻞﹸ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻥ ﻼ ﻌ ﹶ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌ ﹲﻞ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻋ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻼ ﻌ ﹰ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻴ ﹶﻞﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌ ﹴﻞ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺐﻧﺼ ﺮ ﺟ
PATTERN B (MEDIUM)
MASCULINE BROKEN PLURAL
DUAL
SINGULAR
ﻋﻞﹸ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻥ ﺎﻌﹶﻠﺘ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻋ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺘﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﻌﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻋ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺘﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
ﺔ ﻌﹶﻠ ﻣ ﹾﻔ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺐﻧﺼ ﺮ ﺟ
PATTERN C (LONG)
MASCULINE BROKEN PLURAL
DUAL
SINGULAR
ﻴﻞﹸﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻥ ﺎ ﹶﻻﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
ﺎ ﹲﻝﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻴ ﹶﻞﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺎﹶﻟﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
ﺎ ﹰﻻﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﻴ ﹶﻞﻋ ﻣﻔﹶﺎ
ﻴ ﹺﻦﺎﹶﻟﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
ﺎ ﹴﻝﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ
tools of doing
two tools of doing
a tool of doing
ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺐﻧﺼ ﺮ ﺟ
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