Lecture2 2 Msia History

AT1033 ICT FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES

HISTORY OF MALAYSIAN ICT Baszley Bee B. Basrah Bee School of Social Sciences Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Lecture 2 (Part 2)

Introduction • 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Computer – has been used in Malaysia as early 1970s, specially from the fourth generation type (1972-1984). The advance in computer technology with telecommunications links brought swift and sophisticated changes leading TELEKOM Malaysia Berhad to introduced a new service called Datel in the year 1983, where computer users could use the public switched telephone network for data communications. UTM became the first institution to developed computer center in 1975. 1984 – MAMPU developed ICT Plan and Policy Section/Department. 1985 – MIMOS emerged. 1986 – PIKOM was created. 1995 – MSC was launched. 1996 – NITC, MDC & NITA was launched to ensure realization of the MSC.

MAMPU

MAMPU, Aras 6, Blok B2, Parcel B, Kompleks JPM, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62502 Putrajaya, Malaysia. Tel. 603 88881199, Faks: 603 88883201

MAMPU ICT Section - Intro •

The Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU) - established in May 1977 as an agency within the Prime Minister’s Department. - entrusted to introducing administrative reforms in the public sector which is to upgrade the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the Malaysian public service in accordance with national goals. - formulating ideas for administrative modernisation. - as central agency to provides technical and management expertise for the development of ICT in the public sector.

MAMPU ICT Section - Role -

-

Currently is actively involved in the implementation of Electronic Government (EG) – one of the seven flagships under the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) project. EG is a multimedia-networked paperless Government administration that enables efficient and effective inter and intra agency operations as well as facilitates both citizen and business access to Government services.

Read Source: http://www.mampu.gov.my/mampueng/Corporat/Introduction.ht m

MIMOS - Intro • Established as the Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS) on 1 January 1985. - In January 1995, MIMOS was appointed Secretariat to the National IT Council (NITC.) - 1 November 1996, MIMOS became corporatised as MIMOS Berhad, that empowered with greater flexibility to create value-added innovations for industry, society and the nation. - play role as the technology R&D organisation that functions as an advisor to the Malaysian Government on technologies, policies and business development.

MIMOS - Building

MIMOS Building in Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

MIMOS – Internet Service Provider - First to bring the Internet to Malaysians with the setting up of the first ISP named JARING (www.jaring.my) which was launched in 1991. - It was the first ISP in Southeast Asia to install the T3/45 Megabytes per second (Mbps) line to speed-up Internet access. - In 1999, SuperJARING, the first Internet Protocol (IP) based 2.5 Gigabytes per second (Gbps) nationwide backbone in the world, was put in place.

PIKOM - Intro • the Association of the Computer and Multimedia Industry, Malaysia (PIKOM) was formed in August 1986 - representing the information and communications technology (ICT) industry in Malaysia. - Its membership total 411, comprising companies involved in a whole spectrum of ICT products and services which commands 80 per cent of the total ICT trade in Malaysia. - the objective is to creating an environment that is conducive to the health, prosperity and competitive nature of the ICT industry, that PIKOM aims to be a catalyst for the growth of the ICT industry in Malaysia.

NITC - Intro • 28 February 1991, former PM, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad announced Vision 2020 - ultimate objective to aim for is a Malaysia that is a fully developed country by the year 2020. - To developed a nation, particularly an “industrial Malaysian society”. - In conjunction, year 1995, MIMOS was given the role to form the Nation Information Technology Council of Malaysia (NITC). - functions as the primary advisor and consultant to the Government on matters pertaining to IT in Malaysia's national development.

NITC - Mission • National IT Council (NITC.) was launched in January 1996. - envisions an “Information-Rich Society” in line with the Vision 2020. - promotes the application and development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in nation-building efforts. - Providing an integrated platform for transformation into the E-world. - Determine the likely impact of IT on the economy and society - Explain and promote the potential of IT in transforming societies in all its dimension.

NITA - Intro - In order to achieve NITC’s objectives, the National IT Agenda (NITA) was launched in December 1996. - To provides the foundation and framework for the utilization of information and ICT to transform Malaysia into a developed nation in our own mould consistent with vision 2020. - Focuses on the development of people, infostructure, content and applications to create value; and provide equity and access to all Malaysians, and to qualitatively transform our society into a valuesbased knowledge society by the year 2020. - In conjunction, MSC was launched as one example of the agenda by the NITA.

NITA - Mission

People – comprehensive human development

Access and equity

Values-base knowledge society

Infostructure information Age development Foundation Creating Values

Qualitative Transformation

Application solutions for Information Age work and life

MSC - Intro • Under the NITA, year 1996 the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) was launched with objective to transform Malaysian sosciety into a knowledge society. - MSC is basically a green field "corridor” area which encompass 15 km wide and 50 km long. There are three main national landmarks within: KLCC, PUTRAJAYA & KLIA.

MSC - Role • 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

To provide ideal multimedia environment that attracts topflight Malaysian and international IT and multimedia companies. In order to drive the development and growth of the MSC, seven (7) MSC Flagship Application were launched: Electronic Government Multipurpose Card Smart Schools Telehealth R&D Cluster E-Businesss Technopreneur Development.

Read source: http://www.mdc.com.my/flagship.asp#techdev

MDC – Intro • was established by the Government of Malaysia in 1996 to spearhead the development and implementation of the MSC. - To expedites all applications to locate or re-locate to the MSC by local and multinational companies and responsible for the marketing of the MSC, locally and globally. - To shapes MSC-specific laws, policies and practices by advising the Malaysian government and standardises MSC’s information infrastructure and urban development.

MDC is dedicated to ensuring the MSC is the world’s best environment to harness the full potential of ICT and multimedia technology.

MDC – Implementation of MSC •

There are five (5) Cybercities within MSC, which are administers by MDC to ensure that MSC cybercities are always adopting the latest in intelligent cities standards.

- The MSC cybercities, are: 4. Menara KL (1996) 5. Technology Park Malaysia (1996) 6. UPM-MTDC (1997) 7. KLCC (1997) 8. Cyberjaya (1998)

MSC - Cybeycities

ICT at a Glance in Malaysia YEAR ICT INFRASTRUCTURE & ACCESS

1995

2002

Telephone mainlines Per 1,000 people

166

196

Telephone mainlines in largest city (per 1,000 people)

245

282

Telephone mainlines waiting list (thousand)

140

91

Telephone mainlines revenue per line ($)

761

958

Telephone mainlines cost of local call ($ per 3 minutes)

0.05

0.02

Mobile phones (Per 1,000 people)

50

314

International telecommunications - Outdoing traffic (minutes per subscriber)

111

146

-

2.37

Daily newspapers (Per 1,000 people)

136

158

Radios (Per 1,000 people)

422

420

Television sets (per 1,000 people)

169

201

International telecommunications – Cost of call to U.S. ($ Per 3 minutes)

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank

ICT at a Glance in Malaysia YEAR COMPUTERS & INTERNET

1995

2002

Personal computer – Per 1,000 people

37.3

126.1

Personal computer – Installed in education (thousand)

31.4

121.9

Internet – Users (thousand)

40.0

6,500.0

Internet – Monthly off-peak access charges (Service provider charge, $)

-

5.3

Internet – Monthly off-peak access charges (Telephones usage charge, $)

-

0.24

YEAR ICT EXPENDITURES

1995

2002

4,438.0

6,325.0

ICT as % of GDP

5.0

6.6

ICT Per capita ($)

220.7

262.1

Total ICT ($, Millions)

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank

ICT at a Glance in Malaysia YEAR ICT BUSINESS & GOVERNMENT ENVIROMENT (ratings from 1 to 7; 7 is highest or best)

1995

2002

Broadcasting internet access availability

-

3.4

Local specialized IT service availability

-

3.9

Competition in ISPs

-

4.4

Government online service availability

-

3.3

Laws relating to ICT use

-

4.8

Government prioritization of ICT

-

5.9

Secure server

-

146

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank

ICT at a Glance in Malaysia 140 120 100 80 PCs per 1,000 people

60 40 20 0

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank