Lasl Phermex Data, Volume 3

LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LOS ALAMOS DATA CENTER FOR DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES

TECHNICAL

COMMITTEE

Charles L. Mader Terry R. Gibbs Stanley P. Marsh Charles E. Morris Alphonse Popolato .Martha S. Hey-t Sharon L. Crane

John F. Barnes William E. Deal, ,Jr. Richard D. Dick John W. Hopson, Jr, James X. Johnson Elisabeth .Marshall Timothy R. Neal Raymond N. Rogers MeIvin T. Thieme Jerry D. Wackerle John .M. Walsh

Program .Manager Explosive Data Editor Equation of State Editor Shock Wave Profile Editor Explosive Data Editor Computer Applications Analyst Technical Editor

LASL PHERMEX VOLUME III

Editor Charles L. Mader

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley . Los Angeles . London

DATA

University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California London, England

Press, Ltd.

Copyright@ 1980by The Regents of the University

of California

[SBN: 0-520-04011-2 Series ISBN: 0-520-040074 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: Printed in the United States of America 123456789

79-66580

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...>

L)ATAPRESENTATIOA REFERENCES

. .... .. ...... ................................... 2

.,...........,..

...... .......... ............ ... ......... 4

CATALOG OF SHOT SUBJECTS, PHERMEX SHOTS 801 THROUGH CATALOG OF SHOT SUBJECTS, PI-IERMEXSHOTS lTHROUGH SUllJECT PHERMEX

INDEX SHOTS

1

(Volumes l,lI, WIT HROUGH

1943 (Volume III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1943 (Volumes I, II, and III . . . . . . . . ..l0 and III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...16 1943 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...19

INTRODUCTION

About 15 years ago, a unique and important flash-radiographic facility became operational at the Los Alamos Scientit3c Laboratory, This facility is known as PHERMEX, which is an acronym for Puked High Energy Radiogmphic Machine Emitting X rays. The PHERMEX machine is a highcurrent, 30-MeV, linem electron accelerator that produces very intense but short-duration bursts of bremsstrahlung from a thin tungsten target for flash radiographic studies of explosives and explosive-driven metal systems. The facility was built in the early 1960s to complement other hydrodynamics facilities at Los Alamos and to implement studies of shock waves, jets, spalling, detonation characteristics of chemical explosives, and other hydrodynamic phenomena, Flash radiography has been used in diagnosing explosive-driven systems for about 40 years and has provided direct observation of dynamic processes. The size of systems that could be radiographer dynamically using conventional equipment has always been severely limited by the poor ability of the available x-ray flux to penetrate the blast protection devices. PHERMEX, however, was designed and built to overcome these limitations and to permit precise radiography of large systems containing materials of high atomic number. PHERMEX has been used to study materials in various geometries under a variety of shock conditions. This is the third of the volumes scheduled for publication by the LASL Data Center. The PHERMEX facility is described in Volume I.

DATA PRESENTATION

The PHERMEX data, starting with Shot 801, are presented by increasing shot number, which increases according to the date the shot was planned, not necessarily the date on which it was freed. Many shots either failed or were never completed. A descriptive shot title is given, along with the date on which the shot was fired and the name of the person who originated the experiment. The radiographic time is that from initiation of the detonator to the middle of the radiograph pulse. The radiograph pulse width is 0.2 PSor 0.1 Ms.The plane-wave lens and detonator burning times (typical of the PHERMEX firing system) used to estimate other times were P-040 P-081 P-120

13.5 ps, 22,5 ,uS, 29.5 @.

Literature that describes a shot or its general purpose is cited. The purpose of the shot and important features of the radiograph are discussed. The experimental setup is sketched, and certain dimensions petiinent to each shot are given in millimeters. The distance, h, of the beam axis from some shot geometry location is given. All available static radiographs are presented, and the dynamic radiographs are shown on the same scale. The first few hundred shots, described in Volume 1, were designed to survey various topics of interest in the fields of shock hydrodynamics and detonations. The process of jet formation from grooved aluminum and steel plates was investigated extensively. The shots 401 through 800, described in Volume II, examined the dynamic fracture of other materials and the particle velocity flow patterns of detonation products. Materials such as iron, antimony, bismuth, and boron nitride, which exhibit phase change upon being shocked, were examined. Mach and regular reflections in metals and explosives were studied.

Shots 801 through 1943, described in this volume, examined the effect of’ holes and metal plates on a propagating detonating wave, the Mach and regular reflection waves that result from colliding detonation waves, comer turning by detonation waves, explosive desensitization by preshocking, and Taylor instabilities. Many of the shots were not included in this volume because they were performed in confinement vessels, and the quality of the radiograph is inadequate to permit reproduction of the interesting features. Other shots were not included because they were performed for contractors who consider the data proprietary.

REFERENCES

John F, Barnes, Patrick J. Blewett, Robert G. McQueen, Kenneth A. Meyer, and Douglas Venable, ‘Taylor Instability in Solids, ” Journal of Applied Physics 45, No. 2, 727 (1974). T. J. Boyd, Jr., B. T. Rogers, F. R. Tesche, and Douglas Venable, “PHERMEX—a High-Current Electron Accelerator for Use in Dymamic Radiography, ” Review of Scientific Instruments 36, No. 10, 1401 (1965). B. R. Breed, Charles L. Mader, and Douglas Venable, “Technique for the Determination of Dynamic-Tensile-Strength Characteristics, ” Journal of Applied Physics 38, No. 8, 3271 (1967), B. R, Breed and Douglas Venable, “Dynamic Observations of the Course of a Shock-Induced Polymorphic Phase Transition in Antimony, ” Journal of Applied Physics 39, No. 7, 3222 (1968). W. C. Davis and Douglas Venabie, “Pressure Measurements for Composition B-3”, p. 13 in Fifth Symposium (International) on Detonation, Pasadena, California, .4ugust 1970, Office of Naval Research Symposium report ACR-184 (1970). W. C. Davis and Douglas Venable, “Dammed Explosive Products, ” Combustion and Flame 21, 289 (1973). Richard D. Dick, “Insensitive Explosive Study Using PHERMEX,” p. 179 in Proceedings of the Flash Radiogmphy Symposium, Houston, Texas, September 1976, h-ry Bryant, Ed. (American Society for Nondestructive Teeting, 1978). Charles L. .Mader, ‘The Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Hot Spot—Volume II, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report ,LA-3235 (1965). 4

Charles L. Mader, The Two-.Dimensional Hydrodynamic Hot Spot—Volume III, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-3450 (1966) (a). Charles L. Nlader, “An Equation of State for Iron Assuming an Instantaneous Phase Change, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-3599 (1966) (b). Charles L. Mader, “Numerical Studies of Regular and Mach Reflection of Shocks in Aluminum, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report IA-3578 (1967). Charles L. Mader and Richard D. Dick, “Explosive Desensitization by Preshocking, ” Combustion and Detonation Processes Proceedings, Karlsruhe, June 27-29 (1979), Chwles L. Mader, Roger W. Taylor, Douglas Venable, and James R. Travis, “Theoretical and Experimental Two-Dimensional Interactions of Shocks with Density Discontinuities, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report IA-3614 (1967). Charles L. Mader, “Detonations Near the Water Surface, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-4958 (1972) (a). Charles L. Mader, “Two-Dimensional Laboratory report IA-4962 (1972) (b).

Detonations, ” Los Alamos

Scientific

Continuous, Charles L. Mader and James D. Kershner, “Two-Dimensional, Multicomponent, Eulerian Calculations of Interactions of Shocks with V Notches, Voids, and Rods in Water, ” Los Alamos Scientific bboratory report LA-4932 (1972). Charles L. Astronautic

Mader, “Detonation 1, 373 (1974).

Induced

Two-Dimensional

Flows, ” Acts

Charles L. Mader and B. G. Craig, “Nonsteady-State Detonations in OneDimensional Plane, Diverging, and Converging Geometries, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laborato~ report IA-5865 (1975). Charles L. Mader and Charles A. Forest, “Two-Dimensional Homogeneom and Heterogeneous Detonation Wave Propagation, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-6259 (1976). Charles L. Mader, Numerical Modeling of Detonations Press, Berkeley, 1979).

(University of California

Charles L. Mader and Douglas Venable, “Mach Stems from Colliding Cylindrical Detonation Waves, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-7869 (1979), 5

T. Neal, “Mach Waves and Reflected Raref’actions in Aluminum, ” Journal of Applied Physics 46, No. 6, 2521 (1975). T. Neal, “Dynamic Determinations of the Gruneisen Coefficient in Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Densities up to 6 Mg/m8, ” Physical Review B 14, No. 12, 5172 (1976) (a). T. Neal, “Perpendicular Explosive Drive and Oblique Shocks, ” p. 602 in Sixth .Vyrnposium (International) on Detonation, San Diego, California, August 1976, Office of Naval Research Symposium report ACR-221 (1976) (b), T. Neal, “Second I-Iugoniot Relationship Chemistry of Solids 38, 225 (1977).

for Solids, ” Journal

of Physical

T. Neal, “Determination of’ the Griineisen -y for Beryllium at 1.2 to 1.9 Times Standard Density, ” in High Pressure Science and Technology, Volume 1 (Plenum Publishers, New York, 1979). W. C. Rivard, I). Venable, W. Fickett, and W. C. Davis, “Flash X-Ray Observation of Marked Mass Points in Explosive Products, ” p. 3 in Fifth Symposium (lnternutional) on Detonation, Pasadena, California, August 1970, Office of Naval Research Symposium report ACR-184 (1970). E. M. Sandoval and J. P. Keams, “be of Hydrazine Compounds toIncrease the Speed and Contrast of Industrial Radiographic Film, ” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-5198-MS (1973). R. W. Taylor and Douglas Venable, “An Aluminum Splash Generated by Impact of a Detonation Wave, ” Journal of Applied Physics 39, No. 10, 4633 (1968). Rodney S. Thurston and William L. Mudd, “Spallation Criteria for Numerical Computations,” Los Alamos Scient~lc Laboratory report LA-4013 (1968). Douglas Venable,

“PHERMEX,”

Physics Today

17, No. 12, 19-22 (1964).

Applications to Studies of Douglas Venable and T. J. Boyd, tJr., “PHERMEX p. 639 in Fourth Symposium (InterDetonation Waves and Shock Waves, ” national) on Detonation, White oak, A4aryland, October 1965, OffIce of Naval Research Symposium report ACR-126 (1966). Douglas Venable, Machine Emitting (1967).

6

A Pulsed High-Energy Radiographic Ed., “PHERMEX: X-Rays, ” Los Alamos Scientific hboratory report LA-3241

CATALOG OF SHOT SUBJECTS, PHERMEX SHOTS 801 THROUGH (VOLUME III)

ALUMINUM

BACK SURFACE

ALUMINUM ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

FLYING PI-ATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l147andl148 JETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l163andl164 JETS FROM 60° GROOVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276-1278

ALUMINL~JETS

. . . . . .

FROM 1000 GROOVES

. . . . . . . . . . .

1943

1052 and 1096-1103

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ALUMINUM ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

JETS FROM 120” GROOVES JETS FROM 140° GROOVES JETS FROM 160° GROOVES

1283 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1290-1293 . . . . . . . . . . 1294-1296 and 1298

ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

JETS FROM 170° GROOVES JETS FROM 175° GROOVES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297 and 1299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300-1303

ALUMINUMMACHREFLECTION ALUMINUM SPWSHWAVE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927and1368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..804 and834

ALUMINUM TRJPLE-SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . ALUMINUM WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS ANTIMONY REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . BARATOLMACH REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BARATOL WITH EMBEDDED TAXTALUM FOILS BERYLLIUM REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . BERYLLIUM TRIPLE-SHOCK REFLECTION. . . . BISMUTH PHASE CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COLLIDING ALUMINUM PL4TES . . . . . . . . . . . COLLIDING LiEAD SHOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COLLIDING PBX-9404 CYLINDRICAL DETONATION 1037, 1038, 1130, and 1143 COLLIDIXG PBX-9404DETOXATIONS . . . . . . . . COLLIDING PBX-9404MACH COLLIDIXGSTEELJETS

. . . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

1338 1219 1711 1696 1252 1333

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1721 . . . . 887,946, and987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 . . . . 1373and1389 WAVES . . . . 1019,

. . . . . . . . . .

. .

STEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l159and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1151 1160 1183

7

COLLIDING TATB DIVERGING 1704, 1938, and 1939

DETONATIONS

COMPOSITION

BY COPPER

B-3 CONFINED

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1703,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1120

COMPOSITION B-3 SHOCKING NITROGUAIWIXNE OBLIQUELY . . COMPOSITION B-3 WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS . . . . . . CONVERGING ALUMINUM SHOCK WAVE . . . . . . . . . 1115-1117 and CYLINDRICAL IMPLOSION OF A COPPER TUBE . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1024 1227 1356 1793

DAMMED EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 DEFORMATION OF THIN ALUMINUM PLATES . . . . 1007,1012, and 1016 DESENSITIZATION OF TATB BY PRESHOCKING . . . 1697,1698, and 1914 DETONATING PBX-9404 INTERACTING WITH NITROGUANIDINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF IRON . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF LEAD . . . . . . . . .

SHOCKED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049 . . . . . . . . . . 1515and1627 1780 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF NICKEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857-859 and 1006 INITIATION OF PBX-9404 BY A FLYING ALUMINUM PLATE . . . . . 1150 IRON PHASE CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-........1022 LATERAL PROPAGATION OF PBX-9404 DETONATION LEAD BACK SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEAD REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . . MACH REFLECTION IN COMPOS~ON B-3 MACH REFLECTION IN WATER . . . . . . . . NICKEL BACK SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . NITROGUANIDINE NITROGUANIDINE OBLIQLE OBLIQL~ OBLIQLE

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . .

and 1497 1240 and 1241

. . . . . . 1051a.ndl104-ll@ . 1488, 1489,1781, and 1782 . 1008, 1013, 1018, and 1224 1740 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lolb

TURNING A 90° CORNER . . . . . . . . . . 1798 and 1799 WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS . . . . . . 1253

PBX-9404 .&Ml NITROGUANIDINE DETONATIONS . . . . 1046 SHOCK IN ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . 1228,1229,1369, and 1396 SHOCK IN ANITMONY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1678

0BLIQW3SHOCKINLEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OBLIQUE SHOCK IN WATER... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OBLIQUE SHOCKS IN COMPOSITE SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1660, 1679, 1832, and 1845 OBLIQUE SHOCKS IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PBX-9404CONFINED BY COPPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . PBX-9404 SHOCKING NITROGUANIDINE OBLIQUELY PBX-9404 SHOCKING TAT% OBLIQUELY . . . . . . . . PBX-9404TRIPLE REGULAR REFLECTION . . . . . . PBX-9404 WITH AX EMBEDDED TANTALUM PLATE 841-843, and 862-867 PBX-9404 WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS . .

8

1816 1629 1634,

. . 1734-1739 and 1778 1112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023-1025 . . . . . 1026 and 1047 . . . . . . . . . . . 1729 . . . . . . . . 835-838, . . . . .

1161 and 1162

PBX-9404 WITH TWO EMBEDDED

TANTALUM

PLATES

. .

. . . . . . 839,

. . . . 861, . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 926 1207, and 1208 1056 and 1173 . . . . 1171 1060andl174

840, 844, 845, 919, 1121, 1124, and 1126 PERTURBATION WAVES IN COLLIDING PBX-9404DETONATIOXS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERTURBA’ITON WAVES IN COMPOSITION B-3 . . . PERTURBATION WAVES IN NITROGUANIDINE . . . PERTURBATION WAVES IN PBX-9404 . . . . . . . . . . PERTURBATION

WAVES IN TATB

. . . .

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PERTURBATION WAVES IN TNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l172and1519 POLYETHYLENE SHOCKWAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078and1079 PROJECTILE PENETRATION OF A STEEL PI.ATE . . . . . . . 1437-1439, 1443, 1446, 144.8-1450, 1453-1456, and 1458 REGULAR REFLECTION IN PBX-9404 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1728 SHOCK COMPRESSION OF FOAMED POLYSTYREN-E SPHERICALLY DIVERGING PBX-9404 DETONATION 1031, 1033, and 1034 STEEL JET PENETRATION

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STEELJETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SURFACE PERTURBATIONS ON A SHOCKED STEEL PLATE ...,..... . . . . . . . TATB CONFINED BY ALUMINUM Ahi AIR . . . . TATBCONFINED BY LUCITE AND AIR ., . . . . . TATB TURNING A 45° ALUMINUM CORNER . . . TATBTURNING A90° ALUMINUM 1700, 1745, and 1746

CORNER

. . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

1568 and 1569 988,989, 1020, l181andl185

1175, 1177 and 1178 . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

1891and1892 1713 and 1714 1743and1744 1701 and 1702

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1699,

TATBmRNING A90°coRNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795-1797, 1936, 1937, and 1940-1943

1705,

TATBWTI’HAN EMBEDDED URA.NIUMPLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1855 TAYLOR INSTABllJ?T’Yl_N ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1W2, 1353, 1354, 1365, 1374, 1776, 1824, and 1825 TAYLOR 1NSTABILIT% IN STEEL 1468 and 1469 TNT SHOCKING NITROGUANIDINE” OBtiQtiLY . : :::::..., . . 1027 TUNGSTEN ROD PENETRATION . . . . . . . 1265 TWO ADJACENT COMPOSITION B-3 DETO~AtiONi 823-833, and 899 TWO ADJACENT NITROGUANIDINE DETONATIONS

“ :: :....,

. . . 806,

. . . . . . . . . . 1028 WATER MACH REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1783and1784 WATER SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1779 WATER SPLASH WAVE FORMED BY APBX-9404SPHERE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350-1352

9

CATALOG OF SHOT SUBJECTS, PHERMEX SHOTS 1 THROUGH 1943 (VOLUMES I, II, and III)

ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

BACK SURFACE FLYING PLATE

. . . .: :......

543-546,600,601, 1052, and 1096-1103 700,706,707,710, 1147, and 1148

ALUMINUM 32, 36, 37, ALUMINUM ALUMINUM ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

JETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141-149, 197-199, 1163, and 1164 JETS FROM 40° GROOVES . JETS FROM 60° GROOVES , JETS FROM 100” GROOVES JETS FROM 120° GROOVES

. ...<....

ALUMINUM ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

JETS FROM 140° GROOVES JETS FROM 160° GROOVES JETS FROM 170° GROOVES

. . . . . . . 155,156, and 1290-1293 . . . 153, 154,1294-1296, and 1298 . . . . . . . 151, 152, 1297, and 1299

ALUMINUM .4LUMTNUM .4LL-MINUM ALUMINUM ALL~INUM .4LUMINUM .4LUMINUM

JETS FROM 175° GROOVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300-1303 JETS PENETRATING URANIUM . . . . . . . . . . 150 and 201 MACH REFLECTION . , . . , . . . . . . . . . 615, 927, and 1368 REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . , . . . 614 ROD IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190,269,281, and 282 SPJA’3HWAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..804 and834 TRIPLE-SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1338 39, 135-138, 193,214-217, and 415-418 WEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

1,6-13,16-25,28-30, . . . .

. . . . . . . . 161 and 162 . 159, 160, and 1276-1278 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283 . . . 157, 158, and 1287

ALUMINUM ALL-MINUM WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS . . . . . . . . . . 1219 ANTKMONY PHASE CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716-718,723,775, and 786 1711 ANTIMONY REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ARMCOIRON SPLASH WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 BARATOL AND COMPOSITION B-3 INTERFACE BARATOLMACH REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . BARATOL WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS BERYLLIUM REGUJARSHOCK REFLECTION . BERYLLIUM SHOCKWAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

. . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. 487-491 1696 . . 1252 . . . 1333 . . . . 654-657

BERYUJUMTRIPLE-SHOCKREF LECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1721 BISMUTH PHASE CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769,887,94.6, ~d987 BORON NITRIDE PHASE CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . 750,751,768, and 776 BRASS BACK SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523-533, 535-541, 547, and 553 COLLIDING ALUMINUM PLATES . . . . . . . 688-690, 704, 705, and 798-801 COLLIDING COMPOSITION B-3 DETONATION PRODUCTS ., . 139, 140, 195, and 196 COLLIDING CO.MPOSITION

B-3 DETONATIONS

86, 87, 91, 92, and 273-277

COLLIDING COLLIDING

CYCLOTOL DETONATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 203-206 and 291 LEAD SHOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373and1389

COLLIDING COLLIDING

OCTOLDETONATIONS , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PBX-9404 AND COMPOSITION B-3 DETONATIONS

COLLIDIXG PBX-9404 CYLINDRICAL 1037, 1038, 1130, and 1143

DETONATION

WAVES

294-297

763-767 . . . . 1019,

COLLIDING PBX-9404 DETONATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 207-210,292, and 1151 COLLIDIXG PBX-9404 MACH STEMS , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159 and 1160 COLLIDIXGSTEELJETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183 COLLIDING

TATB DIVERGING

DETONATIONS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1704, 1938, and 1939 COMPOSITION B-3 CONFINED

BY ALUMINUM

., . . . .

COMPOSITION

B-3 CONFINED

BY COPPER

COMPOSITION COMPOSITION

B-3 CONFINED B-3 CONFINED

1703,

411,459, and 474

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1120

COMPOSITION {COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION

BY IRON . . . . . . . . 460,461, 578, and 620 BY TANTALUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 634-639, 645-650,697, and 698 B-3 DETONATION WAVE . . B-3 SHOCKING NITROGUANIDINE OBLIQUELY . . . 1024 B-3 TURNING A 15° CORNER . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 and 378 B-3 TURNING A 30° CORNER . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 and 376 B-3 TURNING A 45° CORNER . . . . . . . . . . , . 373 and 374 B-3 TURNING A 60° CORNER . . . . . . . . . . . 371 and 372

COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION

B-3 TURNING A 75° CORNER B-3 TURNING A 90° CORNER B-3 WITH ALUMINUM STRIPS

COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION and 651 COMPOSITION

B-3 WITH AN EMBEDDED B-3 WITH AN EMBEDDED B-3 WITH AN EMBEDDED B-3 WITH EMBEDDED

. . . . . . . . . . , 369 and 370 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366-368 . . . . . . . . . . . 437 and 438

ALUMIN-UM PLATE . IRON PLATE . . . . . . URANIUM PLATE . .

TANTALUM

221, 272, 290, 352-354, 419, 423, 42=4,426-436, CONVERGING ALUMINUM SHOCK WAVE CONVERGING .MUNROEJET . . . . . . . . . COPPER JETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

439, . . . . . . . . .

FOILS

442, . . . . . . . . .

580-583 588-591 596-599

. . . . . .

220,

450, 495, 784, and 1227 . . . 1115-1117 and 1356 . . . . . . . . . . 363-365 . . . . . . . . . . . ...43 11

COI?PERSHOCK WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668-672 COPPER SPLASH WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...54 CYLINDRICAL HOLE IN POLYETHYLENE . . . 314,351,409,612, and 613 CYLINDRICAL HOLE IN WATER . . . . . . . . 187, 188,278-280,300, and 318 CYLINDRICAL IMPLOSION OF A BRASS TUBE . . . . . . . . . . . 492 and 574 CYLINDRICAL IMPLOSION OF A COPPER TUBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1793 DAMMED EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS 1014 DEFORMATION OF THIN ALUMINUM PtitiS” “ :::: ~ 1007, ~ ‘ “ “ 1012, ‘ - “ “and 1016 DESENSITIZATION OF TATB BY PRESHOCKING . . , 1697, 1698, and 1914 DETONATING PBX-9404 INTERACTING WITH SHOCKED NITROGUANIDINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049 DETONATION OF TWO P-040 LENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 DIVERGING MUNROEJET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322-330 DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . 60-63,68-70,76-85,88, 89, 97, 102-105, 107-110, 211-213, 222-224, 226-232, 234-236, 238, 241, 245-247, 305, 348, 349, 355-361, 386, 387, 469-471, 486, 496, and 506 271,379-385,467,4643, 472,473,494, DYNAMIC F’RACTURE OF BERYLLIUM 508, 509, 626-628, 715, and 736 DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF COBALT DYNAMIC FRACTUREOFCOLDLEAD DYNAMIC FRACTURE 500, and 501 DYNAMIC FRAC’IWRE

OF HOT ALUMINUM

DYNAMIC DYNAMIC

OF IRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515and1627 OF LJ3AD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604-610 and1780

FRACTURE FRACTURE

OF COPPER

. . . . . . . . . . . . 788,789,794, and 795 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692-696 and711 . . . . . . . .

239,240,389,391,462,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF LOCKALLOY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF NICKEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 178, 242, 270, 392-394, 465, 624, 625, 857-859 and 1006 DYNAMIC DYNAMIC 179, 395, DYNAMIC DYNAMIC 131, 133,

FRACTURE OF347STEEL . FRACTURE OF THORIUM . 396, 498, and 611 FRACTURE OF TTN . . . . . . FRACTURE OF URA.NIUM . 165-171, 401-403, 463, 466, 499,

464, 691

517-522 115,116,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756-762 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130, 132, 172-176, . . . . 640,701,702,712-714, and 727 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,129, 502, and 507

DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF ZINC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726and729-734 EXPANSION OF COMPOSITION B-3 PRODUCTS IXTOAVACUUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93and94 EXPLOSIVE DRIVER FOR MULTIPLE PLATE FRACTURE . . . 334 and 347 FRACTURE RESOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..477 and505 INITIATION OF PBX-9404 BY A FLYING ALUMINUM PLATE . . . . . 1150 IWRACTINGALUMINUNI JETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,42, and59

INTERACTION OF COMPOSITION B-3 AND BARATOLPRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2 INTERACTION OF PBX-9404 AND COMPOSITION B-3 DETONATION PRODUCTS IRON PHASE C~A
:$- 410,412,413,475,476, “’-”””””’”””””””-”’””””

511,513,514,

744 720,

IRON REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 IRON SHOCKWAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673-677 MTERAL FLOW IN CONFINED COMPOSITION B-3 587, and 592-594 LATERAL PROPAGATION OF PBX-9404 DETONATION LEAD BACK SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . LEAD JETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEAD REGUL4R SHOCK REFLECTION LEAD SHOCK WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . LUCITE AND WATER CORNER . . . . LUCITE SHOCKWAVE . . . . . . . . . . MACI-IREFLECITON

l_NBARATOL

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . 586, . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MACH REFLECTION IN COMPOSIITON 1013, 1018, and 1224

B-3

1240 and 1241

557-560,1051, and 1104-1109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...45 . 1488, 1489,1781, and 1782 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478-485 . . . . . . . . . ..ll2andll4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3-5, 15, and55

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101, 1008,

MACH REFLECTION IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1740 MACH REFLECTIONS IN COMPOSITION B-3 . . . . . . . . 621,678, and 679 MAGNESIUM JETS..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 MERCURY BACK SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 METAL INTERFACE MOTION -:... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497,510, and 699 MULTIPLE PIATE FRACTURE . . . . 308-313, 319,331-333, 335-339, and 385 MUNROEJET . . . . . . . 248, 249, 255-267,283,285-287, 315,341-343, and 362 MUNROE JET INTERACTING WI’TI-i ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . . 344-346 NICKEL BACK SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550-552,602, and 1015 NICKEL SHOCKWAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663-665,667, and722 NJTROGUANIDINE TURNING A 90° CORNER . . . . . . . . . . 1798 and 1799 1253 NITROGUANIDINE WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS . . . . . . OBLIQUEALUMINUM OBLIQUE ALUMINUM COMPOSITION B-3

PL4TEIMPACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIATE IMPACT OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OBLIQUE PBX-9404 AND COMPOSITION 575, 618, 619, and 724 OBLIQUE OBLIQUE OBLIQUE OBLIQUE

B-3 DETONATIONS

. .

Wand% 98and99 . .

PBX-9404 AND NITROGUANIDINE DETONATIONS . . . . SHOCK IN ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . 1228, 1229, 1369, and SHOCK IN ANTTMONY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHOCK IN LEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

573, 1046 1396 1678 1816 13

OBLIQLE

SHOCK IN WATER....

OBLIQUE SHOCKS IN COMPOS~ 1845

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYSTEMS

.

1634,1660,1679,1832,

1629 and

OBLIQUE SHOCKS IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1734-1739 and 1778 P-040 LENS DETONATION WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630-633 and 641-644 P13X-9404COSFINED BY COPPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112 PBX-9404 SHOCKLNG NITROGUANIDINE OBLIQUELY . . . . . . 1023-1025 PBX-9404 SHOCKING TATB OBLIQUELY , . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 and 1047 PBX-9404 TRIPLE REGULAR REFIJICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729 PBX-9404 WITH AN EMBEDDED TLXTALUM PLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835-838,841-843, and 862-867 P13X-9404WITH EMBEDDED GOLD FOILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 P13X-9404 WITH EMBEDDED TANTALUM FOILS . . . . . . . 1161 and 1162 PBX-9404 WITH TWO EMBEDDED 919, 1121, 1124, and 1126 PERLITE SHOCK INTERACTING

TANTALUM

PIATES

WITH ALUMINUM

839,840,844,845,

PLATES

., . . .

408

493, and 504 PERLITE SHOCK VELOCITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320,406,407,493, and 503 PERTURBATION WAVES IN COLLIDING PBX-9404DETONATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 PERTURBATION WAVES IN COMPOSITION B-3 . . . . . 861, 1207, and 1208 PERTURBATION Perturbation

WAVES IN NITROGUANIDINE . . . . . . . . 1056 and 1173 wAvEsrNPBx-9404 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171 PERTURBATIONW AVESINTATB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060andl174 PERTURBATION WAVES IN TNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172 and 1519 PIANEWAVEALUMINUM GUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250-252 POLYETHYLENES HOCKWAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROJECTILE PENETRATION OF A STEEL PLATE . . . . . 1443, 1446, 1448-1450, 1453-1456, and 1458 QUARTZ PHASE CHANGE REGULAR REFLECTION REGULAR REFLECTION SHOCK COMPRESSION and 1569 SHOCKED ALUMINUM WITH MERCURY . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1078and1079 . 1437-1439,

. . . . . . . . . .

414

IN COMPOSITION B-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 1728 IN PBX-!M-04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OF FOAMED POLYSTYRENE . . . . . . . . . 1568 GROOVES INTERACTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

27and617

SHOCKED MERCURY INTERACTING WITH ALUMINUM GROOVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26anci184-186 SI?HERJCAL HOLE IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56and95 SPHERICALLY DIVERGING COMPOSITION B-3 DETONATION . . . . 770, 796, and 797 14

SUBJECT INDEX (VOLUMES I, II, and III)

ALUMINUM STRIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437’ and438 ANTIMONY 716-718, 723,775, 786, 1678, and 1711 BACK SURFACE.:::::::::::::: : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523-533,535-541, 543-547, 550-553, 557-560, 562, 569, 1015, 1051, 1052, and 1096-1109 BARATOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5, 15, 55, 487-491, 1252, and 1696 BERYLLIUM. . . . . . . . 468, 472, 473, 494, 508, BISMUTH . . . . . . . . . BORON-NITRIDE . . . BRASS . . . . . . . . . . . COBALT. . . . . . . . . . . COLD LEAD . . . . . . . CONVERGING . . . . .

. . . 509, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 626-628, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,379-385,467, 654-657, 715, 736, 1333, and 1721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769,887,946, and987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750,751, 768, and776 492, 523-533, 535-541, 547,553, and 574 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788,789,794, and795 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692-6!36and711 . . . . . . . . 363-365,1115-1117, and 1356 43,54,239,240,389-391, 462,464,500,501,

COPPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668-672, 1112, 1120, and 1793 CYCLOTOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CYLINDRICAL 318, 351, 409, CYLINDRICAL CYLINDRICAL CYLIXDRICALI

DAMMED EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS DESENSITIZATION . . . . . . . . . DIVERGING DETONATIONS . . . FLYING PATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRACTURE RESOLUTION . . . . . GOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

203-206 and291

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,188,278-280,300,314, 492, 574, 612, 613, 1019, 1037, 1038, 1130, 1143, and 1793 DETONATION WAVES . . . 1019,1037,1038,1130, and 1143 612, and 613 HOLE . 187, 188, 278-280, 300,314,318,351,409, 492, 574, and 1793 MPLOS1ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 . . . . . . . . . 1697, 1698, and1914 . . . . . 1703,1704, 1938, and 1939 700, 706, 707, 710, 1147, and 1148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..477 and505 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250-252

HOT ALUMINUM

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

691

IRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,410,412,413,460,461,475,476, 511, 513, 514, 578, 579, 588-591, 673-677, 720, 721, 1022, 1497, 1515, and 1627 IRON PHASE CHANGE ., . . . . . . . . . 410,412,413,475,476, 511,513,514, 720, 721, 1022, and 1497 JET PENETRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l181andl185

MTERALFLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586,587, and592-594 LATERAL PROPAGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1240and1241 LEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 478-485, 557-560,604-610,692-696, 711, 1051, 1104-1109, 1373, 1389, 1488, 1439, 1780-1782, and 1816 LOCKALLOY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517-522 LUCITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,112, 114, 1743, and1744 MACH REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 15,55, 101,615,927, 1008, 1013, 1018, 1224, 1368, 1696, 1740, 1783, and 1784 MACH REFLECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621,678, and679 MACH STEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l159andl160 MAGNESIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 MERCURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,27, M4-186,562,and617 308-313, 319,331-339,347, and 385 MULTIPLE PLATE FRACTURE . . . . . . NICKEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116,177, 178,242,270,392-394, 465, 550-552, 602, 624, 625, 663-665, 667, 722, 857-859, 1006, and 1015 NITROGUANIDINE . 1023-1025, 1027, 1028, 1046, 1049, 1056, 1173, 1253, 1798, and 1799 OCTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P-040LENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PBX-9404SPHERE . PERLITE . . . . . . . . PERTWRBATIONWAVES 1060, 1171-1174, 1207, POLYETHYLENE . . POLYSTYRENE . . . PROJECTILE . . . . . QUARTZ

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294-297 . . . . . . . . . 630-633 and641-644

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350-1352 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320,406-408,493,503, and504 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861,926,1056, 1208, and 1519 314,351,409,612,613, 1078, and 1079 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1568and1569 . . 1437-1439, 1443, 1446, 1443-1450, 1453-1456, and 1458

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REGULAR SHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488, 1489, 1711, 1779, 1781, and 1782 SHOCK WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722, 1078, 1079, 1115-1117, and 1356 SPHERICAL HOLE . . SPL4SH WAVE ., . . . STEEL JETS , . . . . . . TANTALUM . . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

75,478-485,654

414

579,614, 1333, -665,667-677,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56and95 . . . 54,57,58,804,834, and 1350-1352 . 44,46-51, 1175, 1177, 1178, andl183 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 17

TANTALUM FOILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220, 221,272, 290, 352-354, 419, 423, 424, 426-436, 439, 442, 450, 495, 784, 1161, 1162, 1219, 1227, 1252, and 1253 TAXTALUM PIATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835-838,841-843, and 862-867 TAXTALUM PL4TES . . . . . . . . 839,840,844,845,919, 1121; 1124, and 1126 1026, 1047, 1060, 1174, 1697-1705, 1743-1746, 1914, and 1936-1943 TATB . . . . . TAYLOR INSTABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1342,1353, 1354, 1365, 1374, 1468, 1469, 1776, 1824, and 1825 125-128, 130, 132, 172-176, 179,395, 396,498, and 611 THORIUM . . . . . . . . . TIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640,701, 702,712 -714, and727 TNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l172and1519 TRLPLESHOCK REFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1338and1721 74, 117, 118, 122-124, 129, bRANIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131, 133, 150, 165-171, 180182, 201, 401-403,463,466,499, 502, 507, 596-599, 651, 658-662, and 1855 VACUUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VERMICIJL~E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . 93and94 340, 404, and405

WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,53,56,95, 111-114,187-192, 253, 254, 269, 278-282, 298-300, 318, 569, 1350-1352, 1629, 1734-1740, 1778, 1779, 1783, and 1784 ZINC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..726

18

and729-734

PHERMEX

SHOTS 801 THROUGH

1943

SHOT Date:

801:

Colliding Aluminum June 29, 1967

Plates

Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 48.29 ,u.s Radiographic Time: Two 6.35-mm-thick aluminum plates at a 50° angle were each driven by 50.8 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-081 lens.

20

SHOT Date:

Aluminum Splash Wave July 25, 1967 Roger W. Taylor 49.02 /LS Taylor and Venable, 1968

804:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference: An aluminum splash wave generated detonated Composition 51.11 mm.

by a 101.6- by 203.2-mm-square

B-3 was initiated by a P-081 lens. See also Shot 834. h was

o

203.2 -mm-quare COMP. B-3

I

I

22

block of’

11OJF

ALUMINUM

SHOT Date:

806:

Two Adjacent

Composition

B-3 Detonations

August 22, 1967 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 33.82 #a Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by a 0.127-mm-wide air gap, w. The charges were initiated by a P-081 lens, The detonations ran along the gap for 88.9 mm. h was 88.9 mm.

20’2 ‘“

~

“+1BkAM AXIS

-

T w CC)MP, a

3

“

T

& -

COMP. B 3 h

?

1

SHOT Date:

!323:

Two Adjacent

Composition

B-3 Detonations

August 23, 1967 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 32.23 * Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by a O.127-mm-wide

air gap, w.

The charge was initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonations ran 76.2 mm. h was 76.2 mm.

—

T .

:, 4 BkAM AXIS

..-

I . WMP

B 3

“

T

COMP, a

s

3

7

i

r

P 081

26

1

SHOT

824:

TWO Adjacent Composition August 24, 1967

Date:

B-3 Detonations

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 30.66 @ Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by a O.127-mm-wide air gap, w. The charges were initiated by a P-061 lens. The detonations ran along the gap for 63.5 mm. h was 63.5 mm.

“vl~ BEAM AXIS

.

*

T

COMP. B 3

COMP. B 3

Tq G

h i v

28

L

SHOT Date:

825:

Two Adjacent

Composition

B-3 Debnations

.4ugust 30, 1967 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 29.05 @ Two Composition B-3 detonation were separated by a O.127-mm-wide air gap, w. charges were initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonations ran along the gap for The 50.8 mm. h was 50.8 mm.

‘-T T

w

L

w.+ I

B&AV AXls

T ~

_

“

T

COMP, B 3

COMP. B 3

6

1>

I

I v

XL’-’”

SHOT Date:

Two Adjaoent Composition August 30, 1987

826:

B-3 IM,cmations

Roger W. Taylor 27.45 /is

Experimenter: Rad.iopaphic Time:

Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by a O.12’7-mm-wide air gap, w. The charges were i.nitiatid by a P-081 lens. The detonations ran along the gap for 38.1 mm. h was 38.1 mm.

—

. BEAM AXIS

cOMP

B 3

Tw

.

‘

“

T

E

COMP, B 3 1,

i

1

32

L

SHOT Date:

827:

Two Adjacent

Composition

B-3 Detonations

August 30, 1987 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 25.90 #s Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by a O.l!27-mm-wide air gap, w. The charges were initiated by a P-081 lens, The detonatio~ ran along the gap for !25.4 mm. h was 25.4 mm.

.

+

iV.

BEAM AXIS

—

._

corw a

3

“

T

COMP. B 3

‘T q 6 -

h

I

\

L’

34

‘

SHOT

828:

Two Adjacent Composition August 30, 1967

Date:

B-3 Detonations

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 33.82 ~ Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by w, the minimum air --possible between two Composition B-3 blocks. The charges were initiated by 081 lens. The detonations ran along the gap for 88.9 mm. h was 88.9 mm,

—1

““‘w

~

w+ BEAM AXIS

T .

I

COMP, B 3

“

T

s :

COh4P B 3 1

I

1

36

SHOT

W):

Date: Experimenter:

Two Adjacent Composition August 31, 1967

B-3 Detonations

Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 32,23 @ Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by w, the minimum air gap ,--pw<sible between two Composition B-3 blocks. The charges were initiated by a P081 lens. The detonations ran along the gap for 76.2 mm. h was 76.2 mm.

‘o” ‘ w~

‘-

w+ BEAM AXIS

___

COMP, B 3

“ “

T

C(JMP

B 3

Tq 6

7

*

38

1

SHOT

830:

!RVO Adjacent Composition August 31, 1967

Date:

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 30.68 PS Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated

B-3 Detonations

by w, the minimum

air gap

possible between two Composition B-3 blocks, The charges were initiated by a P081 lens. The detonation ran along the gap for 63.5 mm. h was 63.5 mm.

‘“”

‘“

~

w+ BEAM AXIS

-

*

T “ T

~ cobIP.

a

3

I

!5 -

COMP. B 3

h

v

1

SHOT Date:

831:

Two Adjacent

Composition

B-3 Detonations

August 31, 1967 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 29.05 ,@ Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by w, the minimum air gap posible between two Composition B-3 blocks. The chmges were initiated by a P081 lens. The detonations ran along the gap for 50.8 mm. h was 50.8 mm.

-T-

L

J-

2082i ‘v ~

4-T

8EAIV AXIS *

I w

T

COMP. B 3

COMP. B 3

z

h

1

42

I J-

SHOT

832:

Two Adjacent

Composition

B-3 Detonations

Date: Experimenter:

August 31, 1967 Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 27.48 @ Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated by w, the minimum air gap possible bet.ween two Compwition B-3 blocks. The charges were initiated by a P081 lens. The detonations ran along 38.1 mm. h is 38.1 mm.

—

20824”

~

‘w+—

BEAM AXIS

-

*

T ‘ T

COMP. B 3

I

COMP. B 3

ffi & -

h

*

44

I

SHOT Date:

Two Adjacent

833:

September

Composition

B-3 Detonations

1, 1967

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 25.89 PS Two Composition B-3 detonations were separated

by w, the minimum

air gap

possible between two Composition B-3 blocks. The charges were initiated by a P—. ------081 lens. ‘l’he detonatmns ran 2’5.4 mm. h 1s Zb.4 mm.

T.

~-ilBEAM AXIS

“[ q COMP

B 3

“

‘T

COMP, B 3

&

n 7

T

46

*

SHOT

Aluminum

X34:

Splash

Wave

September 1, 1967 Roger W. Taylor

Date:

Experimenter: 43.95 ps Radiographic Time: Taylor and Venable, 1968 Reference: An aluminum splash wave generated by a 101.6-mm-thick by 203.2-mm-square block of detonated Composition B-3 was initiated by a P-081 lens, See also Shot 804. h was 34.13 mm.

o

A 203.2 mm wuare COMP. B -3

- [ w Ii

BEAM AXIS

—h—

1

48

SHOT Date:

835:

PBX-9404 November

with an Embedded 8, 1967

Tantalum

Plate

Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz 16.23 @ Radiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 ~s apart. A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel .

L)ET

2,0 mm [hick TANTALUM

L o.078mm

50

DET

AIR GAP

SHOT 836: PBX-9404 with an Embedded Tantalum Plate Date: November 9, 1967 Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 19.97 #a Two blocks of PBX-9404 were initiat.d by two P-040 lenaee detonated 0.4 gs apart. A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate waa placed between the exploeive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

Z,O-mm Ihick TANTALUM

JET

I

DET

P- 040

P–040

[

T . % PBX–W04

PBX - W@l

!0 gx

BEAM /+ AXIS

-1

T 0 :

;0

m

1

—— 3.53

m

J

* &O.076-mm

,—-101.61+

J

AIR GAP

101+ ,

‘L

/’

,/

\

\l

//

1

\

\

,/ /-. 1 ...

‘1: )

1-

1 \

\

/; \

/1

\ \

\

\l

,-. ,’ \-,

1

52

/

\

.

/’

.’

/1

Ii’

j, /

\ \

/ .

_=

/

11

PBX-9404 with an Embedded Tantalum Plate SHOT 837: November 8, 1967 Date: C& W. R.odenz Experimenter: 19.52 ~ Radiographic Time: Two blocks of’ PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 gs apart. A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of’ detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

DET

+1

1 P–040 )

2. Wmnvthi& TANTALUM

DET

iAT

Ill

P-#o

I

T’ w.

PBX-9404

PBX–W I,

:Ty

BEAM AXIS

m $

d ~ O,OTO.mm AIR GAP

54

SHOT Date :

WI:

PBX-9404

with an Embedded

November

21, 1967

Tantalum

Plate

Gary W. Rodenz 20.08 /.LS

Experimenter:

Radiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 ps apart. .4 2.0-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction

of’ detonation

wave travel for 50.8 mm,

2. O-rent-thick TANTALUM

DET

DET r

,y L-.~ _‘-P–o-lo

P-04C

1

z

PBx

PBx–94w

!3404

BEAM f+ Axis

w gx

T 0

m

~!:

:

~,lt

—

3.53

~

0,076.mm

AIR GAP

2U5.3 —1016—’

~—

‘\

,-’

\l

,/

\

\l

,-. 1’ x-,

/-. !1 ../

Iw ,=

i

\

/

// \

56

IT \,ll

//

/

i,

/1 \

\

/

\

\

.

/

\

/

\

101.6 —

/

\

/1

, I

,’ \

---

/ 1

P13X-9404 with Two Embedded Tantalum Plates SHOT 839: January 11, 1968 L)at.e: Gary W. Rudenz Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 20.31 #s Two blocks of PBX-94M were initiated by two P-(MO lenses detonated 0.4 us apart. One 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 48.8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate, another 2,0-mm-thick plate was perpendicular to the direction of’ detonation wave travel for 108.76 mm.

t+.+++

58

SHOT Date:

840:

PBX-9404 with Two Embedded February 7, 1968

Tantalum

Plates

Gary W. Rodenz Experimenter: 20.48 #s I-radiographic Time: TWO blocks of l?BX-9404 were initiated by two P-04-Olenses detonated 0.4 ps apart. One 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the dtiection of detonation wave travel for 48.8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate, another 2.O-mm-thick plate was perpendicular mavel for 108.76 mm.

~ET

Z.c-lnm.thti TANTALUM

to the direction of detonation wave

PLATES

‘!l

), 1 P-040

P-wa

T-

‘1

=. :

Psx-w

PBx-Mm

w. z

r L

BEAM AXIS

4674

1~

-

%

.

60

“

1!

SHOT Date:

841:

PBX-9404 November

with an Embedded 21, 1967

Tantalum

Plate

Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 16.21 ,us Two blocks of’ PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 ps apart. A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

62

SHOT Date:

842:

PBX-94@l

with an Embedded

November

22, 1967

Tantalum

Plate

Gary W. Rodenz Experimenter: 19.98 /LS Radiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-9404 were initiated by two I?-040 lenses detonated 0.4 gs apart. A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocke parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

DET

2. O.mm thick TANTALUM

DET

h )

1

P–D441

P-040

PBX-WJ4

PBX–B404 :Ex4.&d /’”

64

SHOT Date:

843:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-9404

PBX-9404

with an Embedded

Tantalum

Plate

November 22, 1967 Gary W. Rodenz 20,04 ps were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 ps apart.

A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

66

mx

SW(M

SHOT

PBX-9404 with Two Embedded March 28, 1968

845:

Date:

Tantahun

Plates

Gary W. Rodenz Experimen~er: 20.35 w Radiographic Time: TWO blocks of’ PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-MO lenses detonated 0.4 ps apart. One 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 48.8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate, another 2.O-mm-thick plate was Wrpendicular to the direction of detonation wave travel for 108.76 mm.

~ET

2. Umm-thidt TANTALUM

PLATES

‘ET

L ~ T,, P.040

Pa

; ~-

PEX–8404

PBX–D404

+45.7+

T; .

:ExA#

z

~

L

2V5.2 101.6

*

70

i 101.6

it

J

‘ 1~.76~

+

SHOT Date:

(%7:

Dynamic Fracture of Nickel November 22, 1967 Roger W, Taylor 27.26 /.tS

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Breed et al., 1967; Thurston and ~Mudd, 1968 References: Nickel of 25.0-mm thickness, t, was dynamically f-ractured. The plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 38.1 mm.

//nq ’01S

—

‘\

+

\

‘\ \

//

I

.-, k-’

\

T 1(s z

,;

\

\

/

\ .

/,’

i

/

A.

BEAM AXIS

/

R’ L-;J

t

SAMPLE

COMP. B-3

Utl

72

12.7 T

.—

‘~’+

SAMPLE

It 1+ lm

1 COW

B -.3

-1

r> (40 w“

SHOT Date:

85!):

Fracture February 15, 1968

of Nickel

~C

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 25.05 @ Keference9: Breed et al., 1967; Thurston and Mudd, 1968 Nickel of 12-mm thickness, t, was dynamically fractured. The plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 28.6 mm.

k

Iul.ti

/

+=

.N,

/“

El ‘\\

// I

\ln

/-,

E

\ -l

/1

\ \

\

\

.

/

.’ ‘“

BEAM AXIS

1/

76

L

SHOT Date:

861:

Perturbation Wavea in Composition December 12, 1967

Experimenter: William C. Davis Radiographic Time: 30.6 w Two 101.6-mm-high blocks of Composition B-3 with approximately grooves were initiated by a P-061 lens.

-

303.2

BEAU AXIS

I q

GROOVES /

E COUP. B- 3

‘

;T

COMP, B -3

-

i

1

78

. 1

B-3

1.5-mm square

SHOT Date:

862:

PBX-9404 with an Embedded Much 28, 1968

Tantalum

Plate

Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 20.82 w Two blocks of PJ3X-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 ~s apart. A 2.0-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed ktween the explosive blocks parallel.to the direction of’ detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

DET

2.wrrmdlai TANTALUM

OET

L

—

MT&mm

101.s — I--’”’”’-i

AIR GAP

SHOT

863:

PBX-9404 with an Embedded April 3, 1968

Date:

Tantalum

Plate

Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 21.65 ~ Two blocks of PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 us apart. A 2.0-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation

wave travel for 50.8 mm.

2wnm-lhkk TANTALUM

D-

/

‘\

.DET

\

\\ \

T !+ .-\ t -. II G ‘, -,’ .-~ \\L% / / / ,~” }1 /’

/

\

‘d

-

\

SHOT Date:

PBX-9404 with an Embdded April 9, 1968 Gary W. Rodenz ~z.~g @

864:

Tantalum

Plate

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two blocks of I?13X-9404 were initiated by two I?-04-Olenses detonated 0.4 PS apart. A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 50,8 mm.

DET

2. Bmmthick TANTALUM

u

-

84

DET

Q07S.mm

AIR GAP

‘“’”’ -it-’o’”’-j

SHOT

865:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

PBX-9404 with am Embedded April 10, 1968 Gary W. ROdenz

Tantalum

Plate

20,65 #a

Two blocks of P13X-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 K apart. A lo-mm-thick tantalum plate waa placed between the explosive blocks parallel w the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

DET

t---

86

2.wl!mHh& TANTALUM

D~

‘0’”’-t-’””—l

SHOT Date:

PBX-9M4

8[i6:

with an Embedded

Tantalum

Plate

April 10, 1988

IZxperimenter: Radiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-9404

Gary W. Rndenz 21.61 @ were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 ILSapart.

A 2.0-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

2.&mm. thick TANTALuM

DET

DET

I

I

IT I

P–04’

P–040

PBX–MIM

PBX-MD4

L...--:L —

:--’”’”B-l /

101.6 —

‘=.

II

T ,-. ? 1 “-” ‘ ‘~) , l\\ /i\ /1 /, p, \>=,~ \ ,\_/” I /

II

/’

\

\ll/ yl

II

‘

t

88

‘\

,.’

\

\

\

SHOT Date:

PBX-9404 with an Emlmdded May 9, 1968

867:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two blocb of PBX-W04

Tantalum

Plate

Gary W. Rodenz 22.05 @ were initiated by two P-040 lensee detcmawd 0.4 pa apart.

A 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate wm placed between the explosive blocks parallel ta the direction of detonation wave travel for 50.8 mm.

z.cmmlh~ TANTALUM

DET

DET

1

T

?-ma

P-D40

: m PBX-W04

mx–n

BEAM-+ I

AXIS

1-

q TG ~: #l

J

,—101.4*101.+

90

-

SHOT Date:

Bismuth Phase Change February 15, 1968 Roger W. Taylor

887:

Experimenter: 32.04$ Radiographic Time: Breed and Venable, 1968 Reference: A 50.8- by 38.1-mm block of bismuth was shocked by 101.6 mm of Baratol initiated by a P-040 lens. See Shots 769, 946, and 987.

I--1016+ ‘“y

~..

l--

‘7 BEAM AXIS

.

%

+L

w z

BARATOL

BISMUTH

3

~ L. P–w

1

92

SHOT Date:

Two Adjacent April 4, 1968

899:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Composition

B-3 Detonations

William C. Davis 28.43 ps

Two Composition B-3 detonations separated by a 1.O-mm air gap. The charges were initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonations have run along the gap for 44.5 mm. One Composition B-3 block consisted of’ four slabs of’ 6.35-mm-thick Composition B-3 separated by 0.0127-mm-thick tantalum foils and a 25.4-mm-thick slab. The foils extended acrcws the gap.

/

.\

/“-

T ‘.,

/

‘\

/

\

,/

\

\ \

//

\ \

/

zg

1’ t

,. . )

I

\ / //

\

/

\

/ \

/

.

/ =.

FOUR 6.35 -mm-lhick COMP. B–3 SLABS SEPARATED BY D,0127*m-rhi& TANTALUM FOILS

I

1’

\

-

/’

ANTENNA

LUCITE

, __ L__

l.0.mm

AIR GAP

BEAM AXIS

T :A ,$

COMP. B–3

COMP. B -3 L

L“”’” 94

SHOT

PBX-9404

919:

with Two Embedded

Tantalum

Plates

June 17, 1969 Gary W. Rodenz

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

25.73 @

Two blocks of’ PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-044 lenses detonated 0.4 PS apart. one 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 4-8.8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate, another 2,0-mm-thick plate was perpxd.iculm to the direction of detonation wave travel for 101.6 mm and projected

~eT

4.0 mm beyond the top plate.

2. O-mm-lh,ck TANTALUM PLATES

P-MO

DET

P–040

t : :

-

205.2 101.6 —

—’o’”6~

t‘\

/’ ,-. ,1 i-,

96

\

II

/’

\ll, \;v/

;, I /n\ ,//\

\ \

.

II \

/

~i

\

l! w)

PBX–W04

PBX–9404

]

/

/

II

/-. ,1 ‘-’

\

\

\ 1 (+ & I /

\ ~.

\

‘,

./’

// _~

SHOT

926:

Perturbation

Waves

in Colliding

PBX-9404

Detona-

tions Date:

,June 13, 1968 Roger W, Taylor Experimenter: 30.59 @ Radiographic Time: Two 101.6-mm -high blocks of’ PBX-9404 were initiated simultaneously at both ends by P-081 lenses. A 1.5-mm-square groove was located at the center of’ the charge.

N

DET

BEAM AXtS GROOVE b

98

- 1 % z

SHOT

Aluminum

927:

Mach Reflection

May 27, 1968 Date: Timothy R. Neal Experimenter: 43,75 ps Radiographic Time: Neal, 1975; Neal, 1976a References: Two 101 .6-mm Composition B-3 blocks in contact with an 11OO-Faluminum wedge were initiated simultaneously by P-040 lenses. At a 50° collision angle, Mach reflection of’ the two aluminum shock waves occurred. This shot was identical to Shot. 615 with the addition of embedded 0.0127-mm-thick the flow.

tantalum foils to monitor

I

1 I w “ v-j

‘.Lb \ \ \ /

,

I

I

I

- . . . ... .. .. ... . . . .. n 01?7 mm-thick TANTALUM ~

AX,S

\

kVkHY

FOILS

h,LW

/

/’ / ./

OET

100

COMP. B 3

,/%.0127 m;-thick \ TANTALUM FOILS BETWEEN 6.35-mm [h,ck COMP. B -3 SLABS

COMP, B 3

\\

SHOT Date:

946:

Experimenter:

Bismuth Phase Change October 22, 1968 Eugene M. Sandoval

32.01 #s Radiographic Time: Reference: Breed and Venable, 1968 A 50.8- by 38. l-mm block 01 bismuth was shocked by 101.6 mm of Baratol initiated by a P-040 lens. See Shots 769, 887, and 987.

-m.6-l 12.7—

BARATOL

I P -(MU

SHOT

Bismuth Phase Change December 3, 1968

987:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Reference:

Eugene M. Sandoval 28. 14PS

Time:

Breed and Venable,

1968

A 50.8- by 38.1-mm block of bismuth was shocked by 101.6 mm of Baratol initiated by a P-040 lens. See Shots 769, 887, and W6.

b

I /’

/

,/

-\

/“

\ \

12.7—

BAFIATOL

P.040

*oET

104

\

SHOT Date:

988:

Spherically Diverging Xovember 7, 1968

PBX-9404

Detonation

Douglas Venable Experimenter: 26.31 /.LS Radiographic Time: .4 152.4-mm-diameter cylinder of PBX-9404 was center-initiated by composite hemispheres of PBX-9407 and PETN, which were center-initiated by a length of MDF (mild detonating fuse). Four 0.0254-mm-thick tantalum foils were embedded between the center 25.4-mm-radius cylinder of PBX-9404 and four concentric 12.7mm-thick cylinders of PBX-9404.

ruui-1 l.? CYLINDE - _ PBx–R404 SEPARATED BY 0.02% -mm-lh#& TANTALUM FOILS

&%

r

MOF INITIATOR ANO A 6.35* m.dimne18r SPHERE OF PSX-9407 ANO PETN

106

SHOT

989:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A 152.4-mm-high by

Spherically Diverging Sovember 7, 1968

PBX-9404

Detonation

Douglas Venable 26.31 ,LLS 152.4-mm-diameter

cylinder

of ??BX-9404

was

center-

initiated by composite hemispheres of PBX-9407 and PETN, which were centerinitiated by a length of’ MDF (mild detonating fuse). Four 0.0254-mm-thick tantalum foils were embedded in the PBX-9404 every 12.7 mm. See Shot 988.

T

FOUfl 0.0254 mm rhlc&

““’’’u”’”’”

2-: AXIS PBX -9404

6.35-mm cii~meter / SPHERE OF PBx–8407 ANO PE TN

t m w . I

.1 !-

108

MDF INITIATOR

SHOT Date:

1006:

Dynamic Fracture April 1, 1969 Roger W. Taylor 3:3.12 @

of Nickel

Experimenter: Radio~aphic Time: Breed et al., 1967; Thurston and Mudd, 1968 References: Nickel of 12.0-mm thickness was dynamically fractured. The plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 14.4 mm. The reference har is shown, and the spalled plate has interacted with a timing pin.

i-

110

101.6

4

SHOT

1007:

Deformation of ThiII Alumilum Plab Date: July 29, 1969 Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 28.07 ps A 3.0-mm-thick aluminum plate, t, was shocked by 101.6 mm of Composition initiated by a P-040 lens. h is 7.76 mm. See also Shots 1012 and 1016.

b’

SEAM

—+

AXIS

—.

,~ .

I SAMPLE

~ r COMP. B 3

w z

L

P-040

112

B-3

SHOT Date:

1008:

Mach Reflection

in Composition

B-3

May 21, 1969

Douglas Venable Experimenter: 25.54 @ Radiographic Time: Two Composition B-3 detonation waves interacted to form a Mach reflection. The detonation waves were initiated by l.0-mm-thick aluminum plates driven by 25.4mm-thick slabs of Composition B-3 initiated by P-040 lenses, The angle of the plates, N, was 31°. See also Shots 1013, 1018, and 1224.

SHOT

1012:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A 1.O-mm-thick aluminum initiated by a P-040 lens.

Deformation of Thin Aluminum Plates April 2, 1969 Douglas Venable 32.69 w plate, t, was shocked by 101.6 mm of Composition h was 38.1 mm. See also Shots 1007 and 1016.

Ii —:

3EAM

AXIS

—-~ I .

SAMPLE

f COklP, B 3

. G

L

P 340

116

B-3

SHOT Date:

1013:

.Mach Reflection April 3, 1969

in Composition

B-3

Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 24.93 ~ Two Compmition B-3 detonation waves interacted to form a Mach reflection. The detonation waves were initiafid by 1.O-mm-thick aluminum plates driven by 25.4mm-thick slabs of Composition 3-3 initiated by P-040 lenses. The angle of the plates, [r, is 29°. See also Shots 1008, 1018, and 1224.

118

SHOT

1014:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference: .4 203,2-cm-long block of

Dammed Explosive April 2, 1969

Products

Douglas Venable 47.02 ~ Davis and Venable, 1973 Composition B-3 was initiated by a P-081 lens. The ex-

pansion of’ the explosive products into air showed a narrow region of increased density in the products adjacent to the air interface. The air shock was not seen.

120

SHOT Date:

1015:

Nickel

Back

Surface

April 23, 1969 Roger W. Taylor 21.08 ,uS

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A 12.O-mm-thick nickel plate was shocked by 12.7 mm 01 Composition by a P-040 lens. h was 2.2 mm.

122

B-3 initiated

SHOT

1016:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A l.0-mm-thick aluminum initiated by a P-040 lens.

Deformation of Thin Aluminum May 7, 1969

DouglEKsVenable 27.08 M plate, t, was shocked by 101.6 mm of Composition h was 5.76 mm. See also Shots 1007 and 1012.

/ El+’””

--l

x

\

/

\

/

t

\

T

q

(-1

6

\

\

/

\

/

.

/

1

lb

BEAM AXIS

—+

—-r r SAMPLE

r COhlP

B 3

w &

n

W ? 040

124

Plate9

D ET

B-3

SHOT Date:

1018:

Mach Reflection

in Composition

B-3

rJuly 17, 1969

Experimenter:

Douglas Venable 26.’28 #s Radiographic Time: Two Composition B-3 detonation waves interacted to form a .Ylach reflection. The detonation waves were initiated by 1.O-mm-thick aluminum plates driven by 25.4mm-thick slabs of Composition B-3 initiated by P-040 lenses. The angle of’ the plates, [Y, was 33°. See also Shots 1008, 1013, and 1224.

126

SHOT Date:

1019:

Colliding PBX-9404 July 17, 1969 Douglas Venable 26.91 ~

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference: Mader Two laterally colliding, diverging, initiated by two line generators. arrival of’ the line generator shock h was 43.94 mm. See also Shots

Cylindrical

Detonation

Wave9

and Venable, 1979 cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-9404 were The detonation waves traveled for 5.61 ps after wave. The length, L, of the charge was 50.8 mm. 1037, 1038, 1130, 1143, 1159, and 1160.

—50B+

1;

II

1,

II

~1 II II II

~~ II II

II

II II II II II !1 II

BEAM AXIS

II II

II II II II

/+

T h

lrlF:ORs 128

SHOT Date:

1020:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Spherically

Diverging

PBX-9404

Detonation

July 29, 1969 Douglas Venable 22.58 ~

A block of PBX-9404 was center-initiated by composite hemispheres of l?BX-9407 and PETN, which were center-initiated by a length of MDF (mild detonating fuse). Three 0.0127-cm-thick tantalum foils were embedded every 12.7 mm starting 15.24 cm above the initiator center. See also Shots 1031, 1033, and 1034.

—

T:

——— ——— —.

e,

L_ LL

I I

,-,

.?+ 3

1 I

———____l

I

—.

—101.6

-– BEAM AXIS

-

/

.

n

INITIATOR—I

L

130

PBx.

wC4 1.

—

JL

. b

SHOT 1022: Iron Phase Change Date: January 7, 1969 Experimenter: Eugene M. Sandoval Radiographic Time: 23.13 #s A 50.8- by 38.1- by 144.09-mm block of kmco iron was shocked by 101,6 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. The detonation wave proceeded perpendicular to the iron plate. The iron phase change caused formation of two shocks in the iron at the intersection of’ the detonation wave and the iron plate. These shocks spread apart as they traveled into the plate.

\

!/

~1

\

42 ‘L__P’ ‘-?

z

-f

{:)

\ \ \\ \

!’

/’

‘.

L

/ //

‘“8

BEAM ‘6”35

t--’”’l’l

I + z

‘x’s

*, u-l :

+ CQMP. B-3

ARMCO /: IRON

7

L

g s

P-040

,

132

1

SHOT

1023:

PBX-!1404 Obliquely

Shocking

Date: January 23, 1969 Experimenter; Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 32.9 /.ls To examine how a PBX-9404 detonation

Nitroguanidine

interacted

with

X0228

(9515 wt%

nitroguanidine and Estane at 1.683 g/ems) in oblique geometry, both explosives were shocked by a P-081 lens. See Shots 1024, 1025, 1027, and 1046.

BEAM AXIS -+

26.4

K

?

w

aO127-mm.thtik TANTALUM FOIL

\.

IRON

FBx.B40a

-

X02-213

T w.

IFION

z

z

1

I

134

SHOT Date:

Composition B-3 Shocking February 13, 1969 Douglas Venable 34.14 ps

1024:

Nitroguanidine

Obliquely

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: To examine how a Composition B-3 detonation interacted with X0228 (9515 wt% nitrog-uanidine and Estane at 1.689 ~cm’) in oblique geometry, both explosives were shocked by a P-081 lens. See Shots 1023, 1025, 1027, and 1046.

101.6 —~

0.0127-mm-thick TANTALUM FOIL

BEAM AXIS

/ \

{ ~

T “ w z

COMP. B–3

X0228

IRON

u, z

i

●

136

1

PBX-9404 Shocking Nitrogu.anidine Obliquely SHOT 1025: February 20, 1969 Date: Douglas Venable Experimenter: 33.85 @ Radiographic Time: To examine how a PBX-9404 detonation obliquely shocked X0228 (95/5 wt% nitrog-uanidine and Estane at 1.689 g/cm3), the PBX-9404 was initiated by a P-081 lens. See Shots 1023, 1024, 1027, and 1046.

./ ‘

/.. -

,/ -50.8

/

~25.4=i

\

!

i’‘ i

J :1 /

,1

.._._

BE AIM

+

~

‘Bx-wm

L:

‘022”

P @al

138

/J /’ //’ / DET

~

SHOT Date:

1026:

PBX-9404

Shocking

TATB

Obliquely

February 25, W69

Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radio~aphic Time: 32.77 @ A PBX-9404 detonation obliquely shocked trinitrobenzene/lY wax./Elvax at 1.740 g/cm’).

X0237

*

(90/5/5

50.8+,?

5.4 -

\ \

/

I I /

—

IRON

140

O 0127 rmu tmck TANTALUM FOIL

BEAM AXIS #’ L. -

PBX–8404

~

X0237

IRON

wt%

triamino-

SHOT Date:

1027:

TNT Shocking

Nitrog-uanidine

February 26, 1969 Experimenter: Ilouglaa Venable Radiographic Time: 35.7 @ To erdmine how a TNT detonation interacted

with XW28

guanidine and Estane at 1.686 g/cm3) in oblique geometry, shocked by a P-081 lens. See Shots 1023, 1024, and 1025.

—101,6—I

BEAM AXIS

QO127-mm-tkk TANTALuM FOIL / ‘b

TNT

142

Obliquely

(95/5 wt% nitro-

both explosives were

SHOT Date:

Two Adjacent Nitroguanidine April 22, 1969 William C. Davis

1028:

Detonations

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 36.54 w Two X0228 (95/5 nitroguanidine and Estane at 1.702 g/cm3) detonations were separated by a 0.508-mm air gap. The charges were initiated by 25.4 mm of’ PBX9404 and a P-081 lens.

r

—

I; r.

BEAM AXIS \

O.~mm

\/’

l. Oli$mm.Ihti LEAD

[

/ /

I

1 lRONi

Al R GAP

LT /

xm28

x022B

I IRON

z

J

~1 Fax-w

P-ml

144

=. R

SHOT Date:

1001:

Spherically Diverging September 4, 1969

PBX-9404

Detonation

Experimenter: Ilouglaa Venable 23.44 #a Radiographic Time: A block of PBX-W.04 was center-initiated by composite hemispheres of PBX-9407 and PETN, which were center-initiated by a length of MDF (mild detonating fuse). Five 0.0127-cm-thick tantalum foils are embedded every 12.7 mm starting 15.24 cm above the initiator center. See also Shoti 1020, 1033, and 1034.

BEAM /AXIS FIvE S{ AEISOF 12.7 -mrmthd PBx-B404SEPARATED BY 0,0127 .mm-thmk TANTALUM FOILS

/

/

e Ti 0 ~“ a

INITIATOR

1 1,4

146

7

/

SHOT 1033: Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Spherically

Diverging

PBX-9404

Detonation

August 27, 1970 Douglas Venable 24.09 ps

References: Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 A block of’ PBX-9404 was center-initiated by composite hemispheres of’ PBX-9407 and PETN, which were center-initiated by a length of MDF (mild detonating fuse). Six 0.0127-cm-thick tantalum foils were embedded every 12.7 mm, starting 15.24 cm above the initiator center. See also Shots 1020, 1031, and 1034.

!~i[ <:,

.W” .

1’ 1-

z

I I

1 I L–_______l

L

BEAM AXIS

SIX SLABS OF 12,7. mm-thick PEX-B41M SEPARATED BY 0.0127 .mm-thick TANTALUM FOILS

/ /

IT

/ s @ ;

lNITIATOR—

PBX-9404

~ y w

SHOT

1034:

Spherically

Diverging

PBX-9404

Detonation

Date: September 17, 1970 Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radio~aphic Time: 24.75 ps References: Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 .4 block of’ PBX-9404 was center-initiated by composite hemispheres of PBX-9407 and PETN, which were center-initiated by a length of MDF (mild detonating fuse). Seven 0.0127-cm-thick tantalum foils were embedded every 12.7 mm, starting 15.24 cm above the initiator center. See also Shots 1020, 1031, and 1033.

@ El _lO1.6~ BEAM AXIS /

SEVEN SLABS OF

Y,

G

INITIATOR

PBX-M04

150

7

N u r-

SHOT

1037:

tilliding PBX-9404 August 5, 1969

Date:

Cylindrical

Detonation

Waves

Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 32.46 @ Reference: Mader and Venable, 1979 Two laterally colliding, diverging, cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-9404 were initiated by two line generators. The detonation waves traveled for 11.16 ps atter arrival of the line generator shock wave. The length, L, of’ the charge was 101.6 mm. h was 95.2 mm. See also Shots 1019, 1038, 1130, 1143, 1159, and 1160.

*

~

152

50.8-q

Ii 1,

II II

~1 II II II II II II [1 II II I I

~~ II II II II II II II II II 152.4 _

SHOT Date:

1038:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference: Two laterally colliding,

Colliding PBX-9404 August 26, 1969

Cylindrical

Detonation

Waves

Doughs Venable 38.05 ,us Mader and Venable, 1979 diverging, cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-9404 were

initiated by two line generators. The detonation waves traveled for 16.75 ps after arrival of the line generator shock wave. The length, L, of the charge was 152.4 mm. h was 146.0 mm. See also Shots 1019, 1037, 1130, 1143, 1159, and 1160.

+508-q

1;

II

~1 II

//

1,

II II II II II II II II

154

II II II II :! II II

SHOT 1046: Oblique PBX-9404 and Nitroguanidine Detonations Date: February 18, 1969 Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 35.’55 @ To examine how a PBX-9404 detonation interacts with X0228 (95/5 wt% nitroguanidine and Estane at 1.686 g/cm3) in oblique geometry, both explosives were initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 1027.

and a P-(I81 lens, See Shots 1023, 1024, 1025, and

BEAM AXIS

0,0127 -mm.th*k TANTALUM FOIL

#25,4~ Y ?

[

*!

I

IRON

P9x-ww

~

A

156

I

\l

1

I

I

1 i

I

T

IRON

Xoz%

w &

I

I

I t+

PBX-9404 Shocking TATB Obliquely SHOT 1047: January 30, 1969 Date: Experimenter: Douglas Venable :13.0 ps Radiographic Time: To examine how a P13X-9404 detonation interacts with X0237 (90/5/5 wt% wax/Elvax at 1.’740 g/ems), both explosives were triarninotrinitrobenzene/13’ shocked by a P-081 lens.

// ,/

w

G

-

50.8 -+

BEAM AXIS

0.0127-mm-thick TANTALUM FOIL

~25.4~

& L

T’ w

-J

158

IRON

PBX–W

1

X0237

IRON

,

T w & 1

SHOT

1049:

Date: Experimenter:

Detonating PBX-9404 Nitroguanid,ine

Interacting

with

Shocked

February 18, 1969 kVilliam C. Davis 26.57 ws

Radiographic Time: 50.8 mm of’ X0228 (95/5 wt%. nitroguanidine and Estane at 1.683 g/cm’) was shocked by a P-040 lens, and 4.0 ILSlater 50.8 mm of’ PBX-9404 was initiated by another P-040 lens. The detonation wave and shock wave arrived at the PBX-9404 and nitroguanidine interface simultaneously. A reflected shock proceeded back into the PBX-9404 detonation products and the shocked nitroguanidine after collision of the waves. The best agreement with the radiographic results was obtained by assuming that the reflected shock in the nitroguanidine resulted in a propagating detonation in the shocked nitroguanidine; however, the interpretation was inconclusive because almost as good agreement was obtained by assuming that the nitroguanidine was desensitized by the preshocking.

.—

‘0’ ‘ +

r‘-5

w“’’A’’’h”w;

1----’ PSX-M04

:

i

160

SHOT

1051: Lead Back Surface March 25, 1969 Date: Roger W’. Taylor Experimenter: 20.13 @ Radiographic Time: A 12.O-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-M) lens. h was 2.59 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

.

101.6

7

SHOT

1052:

Date: Experimenter:

Aluminum Back March 19, 1969

Surface

Roger W. Taylor 21.16 ~

Radiographic Time: A 12.0-mm-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of’ Composition

\ \1 ,/ :Dl

B-3 in-

itiated by a P-040 lens. h was 8.0 mm. This was a duplicate of’ Shot 546 with timing pins.

m

-.

w,

(_/’

s

s

/-

\

—+ a’ /

‘.

F

/

/

101.6

1

—

p’ V“gl

‘L;”’”””

4 2

7h

COMP. B-3

. 4

P MO

DET

164

SHOT

1056:

Perturbation

Waves

in Nitroguanidine

Date:

April 2, 1969 Experimenter: William C. Davis Radiographic Time: 36.55 /.LS Two 50.8-mm-wide and 101.6-mm-high X0228 bIocks (95/5 wt% nitmguanidine and Estane at. 1.704 g/cm3), with two 1.5-mm-square holes located 14.55 and 24.76 mm from the top of’ the charges, were initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 and a P081 lens.

.

BEAM AX I 425.4

TWO l,6rnm~ HOLES

~

3 r lq g

1

166

I RON

xazrB

xaQs

I Rm

1

T s w .

1, 1

SHOT

1060:

Perturbation Waves May 6, 1969 William C. Davis

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

in TATB

37.52 @3

Two 50.8-mm-wide and 101.6-mm-high blocks of X0237 (90/5/5 TA~~i waxll!ilvax at 1.740 g/cm3), with two 1.5-mm-square holes, were initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 and a P-081 lens.

T

/,\ T\ ,1

w

z

~

;

1)

–

4

Em

L TWO 1.5-mm. wu8re HOLES

BEAM AXIS l%4q

T]

z

w,

\

~~ ! IRON

11

XR237

X0237

I PBX-B404

IRON

TT s? w .&

t ‘1 25.4

. L

168

SHOT Date:

Polyethylene

1078:

Shock

Wave

August 27, 1970

Dougias Venable Experimenter: 26.18 #.s Radiographic Time: A polyethylene block was shocked by 25,4 mm of P13X-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. h was 5.0 mm. See Shot 1079.

\

/-’ /

-, .-,

\

/ ----_2032~

BEAM AXIS

/ POLYETHYLENE

c +

PBx-94D4

:

25,4

25.4 . -i

P-081

I

170

1

SHOT

1079:

Polyethylene Shock August 19, 1970

Date:

Wave

Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 26.90 ~ A polyethylene block was shocked by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 lens. h was 10.0 mm. See Shot 1078.

\

/“

\ \ (:)

/;

tlt AM AXIS

/ POLYETHYLENE

‘+

+ .

PBX -WC4

$ 25,4

!25.4 L

I

172

initiated by a P-081

SHOT Date:

1096:

Aluminum Back June 3, 1969 Roger K. London 15.76 #S

Surface

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A 1~.()-mrn-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of (imposition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 0.61 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

174

Aluminum Back Surface SHOT 1097: ,June 4, 1969 Date: Roger K. London Experimen~er: 16.17 @ Radiographic Time: 12.0-mm-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition A

B-3 in-

itiated by a P-040 lens. h was 0.99 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

176

Aluminum Back Surface SHOT 1098: May 21, 1969 Date: Roger K, London Experimenter: 17.87 ps Radiographic Time: A 12.0-mm-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm ol” Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 2.41 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

101.6

178

4

SHOT

10W:

Aluminum Back May 21, 1969

Date:

Surface

Experimenter: Roger K, London Radiographic Time: 18,82 @ A 12.O-mm-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 1!2.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 3.00 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

p:

T h

180

Ygl —+ coh4P. B–3

i=%

“’L~M’N”M

4 s

SHOT Date:

1100:

Aluminum Back Surface June 4, 1969 Experimenter: Roger K. London Radiographic Time: L9.03 @ A 12.O-mm-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 in itiated by a P-040 lens. h was 3.50 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

I

182

P -040

.ti 1-

SHOT

1101: Aluminum Back Surface Date: June 4, 1969 Experimenter: Roger K. London Radiographic Time: 22.37 &s A 12.0-mm-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-OM lens. h was 10.21 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

.

I

101,6

—+

P-wo

U-DET

184

SHOT

1102:

Aluminum Back June 5, 1969

Surface

Date: Roger K. London Experimenter: 23.43 @ Radiographic Time: A 12.~-m-m-thick aluminum plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initia~d by a P-OMl lene. h was 12.01 mm. A reference bar is Bhown above the shot.

‘\

./’ 101,6

.

:N’ Y’1

+

COMP. B–3

*

L

1

4.

‘L;”’”””

7

P--C4O

I

-cl+

186

I

!

. .-

SHOT Date:

1103:

Aluminum

Back

Surface

June 5, 1969 Experimenter: Roger K. London 24.35 #s Radiographic Time: A 12.O-mrn-thick aluminum plate was shocked b y 12.7 mm of’ Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 14.02 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

(

,--

1

----

\

m/.

/

(

\

,

w

\_/’

i%

\ JTg~l

I

z

//

\

/ i

P. @lo

-u=+

188

1:

SHOT Date:

1104:

Lead Back Surface May 28, 1969

Experimenter: Roger K. London Radiographic Time: 16.32 ~ A If?. O-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 0.81 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

101.6

u’

190

–

~

SHOT Date:

i 105:

Lead Back Surface May 28, 1969

Roger K. London Experimenter: 18,85 PS Radiographic Time: A 12.O-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of’ Composition

B-3 initiated

by a P-040 lens. h was 2,00 mm, A reference bar is shown above the shot.

\– q/ \I /-’

IEll q

Z-1

\_/

3

3

\

/-

“.

.-’

I

.

192

101.6

-----

~

1

SHOT

1106:

Lead Back

Surface

Date: Experimenter:

May 28, 1969 Roger K. London 21.33 @ Radiographic Time: A 12.O-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 2.79 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

P-040

-c+ I

194

I

i. N

SHOT

1107:

Date:

Lead Back Surface June 3, 1969

Roger K. London 22.63 @ Radiographic Time: A 12.0-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 3.20 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot. Experimenter:

/“

---=.

Ell \

/

m

<-\

z,

-j

‘\

i

‘---

0-’

.

:01.6

BEAM .Axls

LEAD

““’

1 .

COMP. B–3

~

+ -

P–D40 ‘R.

196

-n=+

. <

SHOT Date:

1108:

Lead Back

Surface

,June 3, 1969 Experimenter: Roger K. London Radiographic Time: 23.84 #s A 12.0-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 3.50 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

/“

1

“..

4

*. k BEAM AXIS ~

101.6

4 LEAD

69”91

j

+ +

COFdP. B–3

11

~ P .04u

@

198

A —

DET

SHOT Date:

1109:

Lead 13ack Surface ,June 3, 1969 Roger K. London

Experimenter: 32.39 ,us Radiographic Time: A 12.O-mm-thick lead plate was shocked by 12.7 mm of’ Composition

B-3 initiated

by a P-040 lens. h was 9.50 mm. A reference bar is shown above the shot.

BEAM Axls

LEAD ““’

CUMP,

1

B-3

J m 4

h ~ P4J40

‘E-

200

<

SHOT Date:

P13X-W04 Confined May 13, 1969

1112:

by tipper

William C. Davis Experimenter: 44.52 w Radiographic Time: .4 50.8-mm-wide by 203,2-mm-long slab of PBX-9404

was coniined by 5.15-mm-

thick copper plates. The PBX-9404 was initiated by a P-081 lens, The experiment was designed to investigate the features of the cylinder test that is used for evaluating explosive performance. See also Shot 1120.

50,8 mm th,ck BY 203.2 Inlrll BY 203.2 mm EXPLOSIVE

SLAB \

dl. Ar”l ,\xls 3.15 ))., ) 3Y 203.2 B’i 203.2 COPPER

:hlc~ mm (mm PLATES

<

s ~

—50.04

T I

202

SHOT Date:

1115:

Converging Aluminum Ju]y 16, 1970 Reynaldo Morales 27.45 @

Shcwk Wave

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 References: The shock wave was formed in a 30.4S-mm sphere of 11OO-F aluminum by a detonated surrounding sphere of’ 92.7-cm-thick PBX-9404. The radius of the aluminum shock was 10.62 + 0.35 mm and the PBX-9404/aluminum interface was 26.3 I + ().IT mm. me shock wave traveled for 1,63 ~s in the aluminum.

30,5. mm-rdius ll~FALUMl NUh4 SPHERE WITH 0.13. mwthti GOLD FOILS AT 8.0 AND 19.8 mm FROM CENTER

204

SHOT

1116:

Converging Aluminum January 20, 1971 Reynaldo Morales 27.35 #s

Date:

Shock Wave

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: The shock wave was f’ormed in a 30.46-mm sphere of 1100-F aluminum by a detonated surrounding sphere of 92.7-cm-thick PBX-9404. The radius of the aluminum shock wave was 11.33 + 0.20 mm and the PBX-9=404/aluminum interlace was 26.48 + 0.12 mm. The shock wave traveled for 1.53ps in the aluminum,

30.5,,,11> :Adll,s ,100 F ALU MI NLJM SPHERE WITH 0.13 mm thick GOLD FOILS AT 8.0 AND 19.8 mm FROM CENTER

,K

%!)

i’

i PBx

94o4

I

\

,,,

SHOT Date:

1117:

Converging Aluminum Shock Wave March 11, 1971 Reynaldo Morales Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 28.74 @ References: Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 The shock wave was formed in a 30.48-mm sphere of 11OO-F aluminum

by a

detonated surrounding sphere of 92.7-cm-thick PBX-9404. The radius of the reflected aluminum shock wave was 15.06 + 0.14 mm and the PBX-9404/aluminum interface was 25.31 + 0.12 mm. The shock wave traveled for 2.92x in the aluminum.

,

/“7:Eii’n

\ \ \

208

30 !) nlm dms 11oo-F ALUMINUM

SHOT Date:

1120:

composition B-3 Confined June 18, 1969

by Copper

William C. Davis Experimenter: 46,78 #S Radiographic Time: A 50.8-mm-wide by 203.2-mm-long slab of Composition B-3 was confined by 5.15mrn-thick copper plates. The Composition B-3 was initiated by a P-081 lens. The experiment was designed to investigak for evaluating explosive performance.

w.a Im II,= BY Z03. Zmm

the features of the cylinder test that is used See also Shot 1112.

BY

333.2 m,n EXPLOSIVE SLAB \

3k,\lil Axis

,

-T r-

\

#-7 T

5, 15 ,,,11) tn,ck BY 203.2-mm 3Y 203.2 mq, COPPER PLATES

. 2 N

-bo.B—

1

210

SHOT Date:

PBX-9404

1121:

with Two Embedded

Tantalum

Plates

June 26, 1969 Gary W. Rodenz 21.91 #s

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-94M

were initiated by two P-O@ lenses detonated 0.4 us apart.

One 2.0-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 48.8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate another 2.O-mm-thick plate was perpendicular to the direction of’ detonation wave travel for 101.6 mm and projected 4,0 mm beyond the top plate.

~ET

‘2.0.mm Thick TANTALUM PLATES

DET

P 040

P–040

PBX - 9404

PBX-B404

-4

205.2

_To151_016._i /

‘\

/“

\

\ll,

[1 II

. ,’

\

\

\!l, // ,-.

; 1,

(

~, I

I & 1-

/n\

\ \ \ 1~=0’

212

.

/-. II .-,

\

‘\-~

\l: 1 ,/ 1

/n\ /

II II

/

\ ‘,

--’

// I

SHOT Date:

1124:

PBX-9404 with Two Embedded May 3, 1973

Tantalum

Plates

Experimenter: ILidiographic Time:

Gary W. Rodenz 25.7 /.Ls ~W() bk)cks Of PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040” lenses detonated 0.4 KSapart. One 2.0-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 443,8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate snot her 2.0-mm-thick plate was perpendicular to the direction of detonation wave travel for 101.6 mm with a hemispherical end located below the top plate. See Shot. 1126.

?,Omm m TANTALUM

DET

ck PLATES

DET

fi):

‘

T

2735.2 10154

-’o”“-

/ //

\\:l/ :!I

---\

/’

-. /’

\:l/ \l

,—. !) .-/

\

\

\ \ 1 w

‘, /–.

1 ../’

1,[

E )

\

;

,’l;’\

\ \ \

/ .

.x

/ II II

/

‘.. ‘.

----’

7

SHOT Date:

PBX-9404 with Two Embedded May 17, 1973

1126:

Tantalum

Plates

Gary W. Rodenz Experimenter: 25.7 ps K.idiographic Time: Two blocks of PBX-9404 were initiated by two P-040 lenses detonated 0.4 As apart. One 2.O-mm-thick tantalum plate was placed between the explosive blocks parallel to the direction of detonation wave travel for 48.8 mm and 2.0 mm below that plate another 2 .O-mm-thick plate was perpendicular to the direction of detonation wave travel for 101.6 mm with a square end located below the top plate. See Shot 1124.

2. O_m,n th,ck TANTALUM PLATES

DE1

‘ET a

P-Ma

P–040

~1 iu ,xm ,

PBX–94CM

‘B X- !34U4 BEAM .- ~ Axis

-T~

,

,m,

-0’6+ /

/’

//

216

-’016+ \

\

\

II 1, \l, \l

‘\

,’ / ,

/

“-”

/n\ II \ II

/ ‘.

.~’

\ \ 1 ~ & , -

/-.

~[ /I l’,

/

\

‘,

\; i

,—. II i-,’

I \

;\

‘----

_L

/ /’

SHOT

1130:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Colliding PBX-9404 .4ugust 26, 1969

Cylindrical

Detonation

Waves

I)uuglm Venable 22.36 ~

Mader and Venable, 1979 Reference: Two laterally colliding, diverging, cylinckical detonation waves in PBX-9404 were initiated by two line generators. The detonation waves traveled for 1.06 AS after arrival of the line generator shock wave. The length, L, of the charge was 50.8 mm. h was 25.4 mm. See also Shots 1019, 1037, 1038, 1143, 1159, and 1160.

I

II

II II

ii II

SHOT

1143:

Colliding

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Reference:

PBX-9404

September Time:

Cylindrical

Detonation

Waves

3, 1989

Douglas Venable %.33 #s Ylader and Venable,

1979

Two laterally colliding, diverging, cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-9404 were initiated by two line generators. The detonation waves traveled for 4.03 ,us after arrival of the line generator shock wave. The length, L, of the charge was 50.8 mm. h was 25.4 mm. See also Shots 1019, 1037, 1038, 1130, 1159, and 1160.

+

50..9 +

1;

II

II

II

ii II II II II II II II II II I I

~~ II II ;/ II II II II II

~

‘

71

152.4

~

,+ BEAM ~ 4X1$ T h

L

I

1

-LINE GENERATORS

&

220

.

SHOT Date:

1147:

Ahuninum

Flying

Plate

,June 16, 1970 Experimenter: Doughs Venable 18.22 * Radiographic Time: A 1.0-mm-thick aluminum plate was driven by 25.4 mm O( PBX-9404 initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 12.7 mm.

,\_.\ ,,,.-—. II-’[ \

,’

/1 \ \ \

:--.

k—

.’

\

-\

T

(q

z

i

//1

\. =.

101.6

--+

BEAM

+“

T c

AxIS 1 O-inn)-thick ,ALUMl NLI\4

P- 040 1

J i_L

222

,,T

SHOT

1148:

Aluminum

Flying

Plate

Date: August 5, 1970 Experimenter: Dm@ae Venable Radiographic Time: 19.91 #e A I.O-mm-thick aluminum plate was driven by 25.4 mm of PBX-8404 initiated by a P-040 lens. h wm 25.4 mm.

/-—. rlY

/

T

Y

\

/’

,,

/’ ,$

‘,

&

\_/

I

\

\

* \

\

//

. .

.,

/

..1016—+

1

BtAM

+“

T . L ~..—

Axis

.

d)mk 4. UMINuM

‘-1 T v,

PBX- 9404 .

1.

---

224

1.0-.),(,

.4

z -c

P.. O4O ~JoET

J

Initiation

SHOT 1150: Date: Experimenter:

of PBX-9404

by a Flying

Aluminum

Plate

August 12, 1970 Douglas Venable 23.94 .@

Radiographic Time: A 30.48-mm-thick block of PBX-9404 was initiated by a l.0-mm-thick aluminum plate driven by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404, which was initiated by a P-040 lens. h was 22.25 mm.

I

BEAM

:, 2

L

-r w Ui z

n PBX- 9404

P-w

DET

226

--

l.Ckmm Ihlck ALUMINUM

SHOT Date:

1151:

Experimenter:

Colliding PBX-9404 ,June 16, 1970 Douglas Venable

Detonations

34.64 &s Radiographic Time: The reflected shocks in I+3X-9404 alter the detonation 207-210 and 292.

waves collided. See Sho~

’032~

.X=’-”J PBX

EJ404

203,2 BY 203,2 BY 50.8.mm BLOCK

BtAM AXIS

/“+

“-2’-’ 228

SHOT Date:

1159:

Colliding PBX-9404 ,June 18, 1970

Mach

Stems

Experimenter: Douglas VenaMe 3;3.60 ps Radiographic Time: Two sets of laterally colliding, diverging, cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-94(}4 were initiated by two line generators and traveled 101.6 mm before colliding. The interaction of the Mach stems was shown. See also Shots 1037 and 1160.

I

-

1

[ —

1324

I

I 1

k

230

*+ BtA,M ,.’ Axis

~

SHOT 1160: Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Colliding PBX-9404 Mach Stems June 30, 1970 Douglas Venable 34.36 @ Two sets of laterally colliding, diverging, cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-9404 were initiated by two line generators and traveled 101.6 mm before colliding. The interaction of’ the Mach stems was shown. See also Shots 1037 and 1159.

—

50.3

-i

1 . 15?.4

BEAM,Z Axis

232

7’

SHOT Date:

1161:

PBX-9404 with Embedded ,June 17, 1970

Tantalum

Foils

Douglas Venable Experimenter: 33.8’7 #s Radiographic Time: Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 References: Eight slabs of 6.05-inn-thick PBX-9404 separated by 0.0127-mm-thick fbi]s were initiated by 50.8 mm of’ PBX-9404 and a P-081 lens.

/“

“7

EIGHT 6.35. mm-1h4cK PBX–S404 SLABS SEPARATED BY 0.0127-mm thick TANTALUM FOILS

BEAM AXIS

LUCITE /A

\

12,7 +

‘ T w s PBX–w

r

I

234

tantalum

SHOT Date:

PBX-9M4

1162:

with Embedded

Tantalum

Foils

July 30, 1970 Douglas Venable 28.36 ~

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: References:

.Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 Ten slabs of 6.35-mm-thick PBX-9404 separated by 0.0127-mm-thick foils were initiated by a P-081 lens.

(E ( -)

—101.6

TEN 6,35-mm

Ihick

~-::.a~

r

236

BEAM

—

LUCITE

tantalum

SHOT Date:

1163:

Aluminum Jets rJuly 30, 1970 Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 39.67 w Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave into the 25.4-mm thick 1100-F aluminum plate interacted with the grooves to produce the jets. The 90’ .-eves

were 6.35 mm deep and 12.7 mm wide.

/ \

//

\, ;\,. .=/

\;

‘-\\ \_ / / I

L

4LJtvl

/)1

NuM

P OBI

.,’” /“

DET

SHOT

1164:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed.

Aluminum Jets August 12, 1970 Douglas Venable 37,6 ~ The explosively induced shock wave into the 25.4-mm-

thick 11OO-F aluminum plate interacted with the grooves to produce the jets, The 90° grooves were 6.35 mm deep and 12.7 mm wide.

/. () \-

—--g ,.; .

AL JMINUM

‘T w

PEIX 9404

z

1 P 081

1>

240

/

DET

SHOT

1171:

Date: Experimenter:

Perturbation

Waves

in PBX-9404

July 7, 1970 William C. Davis

24.88 &s Radiographic Time: ~. M,8.mm.wide by 1~1.6-mm-high

blo~k~ of PBX-9404

square holes were initiated by a P-040 lens.

BEAM AXIS

I, E#-mm. square HOLES

T~~’ G.

T

D

POx-wCd

PBX–9404

w. z -

z ,

L

,11!

I

242

P–040

I

with three l.58-mm-

SHOT Date:

1172:

Experimenter:

Perturbation

Waves

JuIy 14, 1970 William C, Davis 27.99 ,us

Radiographic Time: Two 50.8-mm-wide by 101.6-mm-high holes were initiated by a P-040 lens.

blocks of’ TNT with thrw 1.58-mm-square

u

P–C4U

244

in TNT

DET

SHOT Date:

1173:

Perturbation

Waves

in Nitroguanidine

July 15, 1970 Experimenter: William C. Davis 27.10 ps Radiographic Time: Two 50.8-mm-wide by 101.6-mm-high blocks of X0228 (95/5 wt% nitroguanidine

/, Zli3

and Estane at 1.703 g/cm9) with three 1.58-mm-square mm of PF3X-9404 and a P-040 lens.

‘\

‘// (

\l \

holes were initiated by 12.7

\T ‘: I

/1

-

/

\

b-

‘..

/

. L-d X0228

U)Z2.Y

2

:-

.L 12

11

PER

9404

P 040

I

‘--4

2-%

.5

SHOT

1174:

Date: Experimenter:

Perturbation

Waves

in TATB

July 15, 1970

William C. Davis 28,19 @ Radiographic Time: Two 50.8-mm-wide by 101.6-mm-high blocks of X0237 (90/5/5 W% TATB/B’ Elvax at 1.739 ~cms) with three 1.58-mm-square of PBX-9404 and a P-040 lens.

‘\

/’1

Ill //

\

;

\a~

:)

Yj’

\

‘1

\

I

u

248

&

/

/

\;/

1

wax/

holes were initiated by 12.7 mm

1

SHOT

1175:

Date:

Steel Jets November 17, 1965 Gary W. Rodenz &i.26 ~

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A jet of 304 stainlea steel was formed a W.O-mm-thick 1177 and 1178.

by a 4.O-mm-thick steel hemishell driven by

PBX-9404 hemisphere. The jet traveled for 20.8 p-s.See also Shots

4 O-mm [h,ck 304 STEEL HE MI SPhEHt

SHOT

1177:

Steel Jet

Date: January 6, 1966 Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 90.27 ps A jet of 304 stainless steel was formed by a 4. O-mm-thick steel hernishell driven by a 60. O-mm-thick PBX-9404 hemisphere. The jet traveled for 4-6.8 ps, See also Shots 1175 and

1178.

4,0 ,nm th,ck /304 sTEELHt

252

MlsPd ERE

SHOT

1178:

Stael Jet

Date: January 13, 1966 Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz 102.68 #S Radiographic Time: A jet of 304 stainless steel was formed by a 4.O-mm-thick steel hemishell driven by a 60,0-mm-thick PBX-9404 hemisphere. The jet traveled for 59.23 KS. See also Shots 1175 and 1177.

4 O-mm, lh,ck ,304 ST EEL HEMISPHERE

254

Steel Jet Penetration SHOT 1181: February 6, 1968 Date: Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz 85.99 /.LS Radiographic Time: A 304 stainless steel block was penetrated by a jet of’ steel fhrmed by a 4.0-mmthick steel hemishell driven by a 60. O-mm-thick PBX-9404 hemisphere. The jet traveled for 42.53 ws. The steel block was 308 mm from the center of the steel hemishell. See also Shot 1185.

4.0 In., lhick 304 STEEL HE MISPHERk

256

SHOT Date:

1183:

Cd.lidiug Steel Jets June 9, 1966 Experimenter: Gary W. Rndenz Radiographic Time: 86.01 +s Collision of two steel jets formed by lxvo 4. O-mm-thick steel hemishells driven by 60. O-mm-thick PBX-9404 hemispheres. The two PBX-9404 detonated simultaneously.

,

258

hemispheres were not

4,0-mm lt)lCK 304 STEEL HEkl ISPHERE

SHOT Date:

1185:

Steel Jet Penetration May 16, 1968

Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 79.02 ps A jet of steel formed by a 4.0-mm-thick steel hemishell, which was driven by a 60.0mm-thick I?13X-9404 hemisphere, penetrated a 304 stainless steel block. The jet traveled for 35.57 ps. The steel block was 308 mm from the center of’ the steel hemisheI1. See also Shot 1181.

4.llmm thick 304sTE,~L HEMlsPHEHE

260

SHOT Date:

1207:

Perturbation

Waves

in Composition

B-3

July 7, 1970

Experimenter: William C. Davis Radiographic Time: 35.2 @ Two 101.6-mm cubes of Composition B-3 with three 1.58-mm-square itiated by a P-081 lens.

BEAM AXIS

COMP. B-3

l.5Emmsquare

T

hO1. FS

COMP. B–3

.,

P-.OB1

/“’” ,-’”

holes were in-

SHOT Date:

Perturbation Waves June 30, 1970

1208:

in Composition

B-3

William C. Davis 35.16 @

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Two 101.6-mm cubes of’ Composition B-3 had three 1.587-mm-square iron bars embedded in the explosive. The Composition B-3 was initiated by a P-081 lens.

?

COMP. E- 3

l.5&mm6quare IRON BARS

COMP. B–3

~-

\

‘:>”” DET

264

SHOT

1219:

Aluminum with Embedded August 6, 1970

Date:

Tantalum

Foils

Experimenter: Douglas Venable Radiographic Time: 34.53 #is Three slabs of 6.35-mm-thick aluminum plates were shocked by four slabs of’ 6.35mm-thick Composition B-3, all separated by 0,0127-mm tantalum foils, and 50.8 mm vf Composition B-3 initiated by a P-081 lens.

‘\\ ‘..,

// //”

----

THREE 6.33mm-th)ck ALUMINUM SLABS SEPARATED BY 0,0127 mm-thick TANTALUM FOILS

*

FOUR 6.3hnrmNick COMP. B–3 SLABS SEPARATED BY 0.0177. mm.lh*k TANTALUM FOILS

BEAM

IT

I

I

I

/’

COW

8–3

1

P–ml

..

/“’”

L

266

oET

‘

SHOT Date:

1224:

Experimenter:

Mach

Reflection

in Composition

B-3

Augtwt 12, 1970 Douglas Venable 26.90 ~

Radiographic Time: Two Composition B-3 detonation waves interacted to form a Mach reflection. The detonation waves were initiatid by l.O-mm-thick aluminum plates driven by 25,4mm-thick slabs of’ Composition B-3 initiated by P-040 lenses. The angle of the plates, cl, was 35°. See also Shots 1008, 1013, and 1018.

268

SHOT Date:

1227:

Composition B-3 with Embmlded March 24, 1970 Rqp K. London

Tantium

Foi.la

Experimenter; 37,53 * Radiographic Time: Eight slabe of 6.35-mm-thick Composition B-3 separatad by 0.01 Z7-mm-thick tantalum foiia were initiated by two 25.4-mm-thick blocks of Compoeiticm B-3 separated by a 0.0127-mm-thick tantalum foil and a P-081 lens.

T

-)

w

E

1 BEAM

EIGHT 6.35mmrtkk cow B–3 SLAES SEPARATED BY lloln--*ti TANTALUM FOILS

270

/

SHOT

1228:

Date: Experimenter:

Oblique Shock in Aluminum ,June 17, 1970 Timothy R. Neal

35.40 ps Radiographic Time: Neal, 1976b. Reference: .4n oblique shock wave in aluminum with 0.0127-mm-thick tantalum foils every 6.35 mm was driven by 127.() mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-081 lens.

0,0127-mm-thick ~TANTALuM FOILS

272

SHOT Date:

1229:

Oblique

Shock in Aluminum

September 3, 1970 Timothy R. Neal

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 34.12 @ Reference: Neal, 1976b .4n oblique shock wave in aluminum with 0.0127-mm-thick tantalum foils every 6.35 mm wae driven by 127.0 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens.

274

SHOT

1240:

Lateral

Propagation

of PBX-9404

Date:

Detonation

September 1, 1970 Experimenter: Douglm Venable Radiographic Time: 48,58 @ A I?BX-9404 detonation was propagated laterally across 3. 175-mm-thick aluminum plates.

—

3.175,,11,> lhlck ALUMINUM

LINE GENERATOR

IFION

PBx..wo4

IRUN

BEAM AXIS k

[

A AIR / GAP

\ 3,175 -mm-rhick NEOPRENE

SHOT Date:

1241:

Lateral

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A PBX-9404 detonation Styrofoam

Propagation

of PBX-9M4

Detonation

September 3, 1970 Douglas Venable 38.57 ps was propagated

laterally across 3. 175-mm-thick

33 of density 0.05 g/cm’.

*25

L LINE GENERATOR

76,2 ~+-50.8y25.44

4-50.8?—

I

4

/

---’”

—

PBX-9404

IRON

BEAM AXIS

I

+J’

I

L

-.

278

[ 3.175 .mm.thick

NEOPRENE

—

slabs of

SHOT

1252:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Baratol with Embedded October 13, 1970 Douglas Venable 42.86 IS

Tantalum

Foils

Eight slabs of 6.35-mm-thick Baratol separated by 0.0127-mm-thick were initiated by 50.8 mm of Baratol and a P-081 lens.

0----

‘\

/ /

/

1 0.0127-mm

Thick

‘ANTALuMFO’L’ ~

280

LUCITE

\

BEAM AXIS

tantalum foils

SHOT

1253:

Nitroguanidine

Date:

with Embedded

Tantalum

Foils

October 13, 1970 Douglas Venable 31.44 @

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Eight slabs of’ 6.35-mm-thick X0228 (95/5 wt% nitrog-uanidine and Estane at 1.703 :/cm$) separated by 0.0127-mm-thick tantalum foils were initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404

and a P-WI lens.

/ / /

\

\

/

I

EiR%’:’cd==l-””

SHOT Date:

Tungsten Rod Penetration November 10, 1970

1265:

Robert E. Stapleton Experimenter: 27.97 #s Radiographic Time: The interaction of three metal platea, which were driven by 38.1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-040 lens with a 4.76-mm-diameter tungsten rod. The metal plates were 1.60-mm-thick

steel, 4.95-mm-thick

aluminum,

and 2.44-mm-thick

–1-=---l I

2.44mm-th,ck

: I

-

1-

~’”35mm’h’ck

LEAD Y

284

LEAD

4,76 -mm. DIAMETER TuNG~EN ROD

3.175.mm

thick STEEL

lead.

SHOT

1276:

Aluminum Jets from 60° Grooves November 10, 1970

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. plate interacted with the

1—

286

Roger W. Taylor 29.62 w The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum 60’, ti, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 24.17 mm.

2U3.2

.—l

SHOT

1277:

Aluminum Jets horn 60° Grooves Xovember 11, 1970

Date: Experimenter:

Roger W. Taylor 28.73 @ Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 60°, 0, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 17.48 mm.

T

1[

a,

s

1.

II

P–mo

—101.6

—

r+

COMP. 6-3

288

SHOT 1278: Date: Experimenter:

Aluminum Jets fkom 60° Grooves November 11, 1970 Roger W. Taylor

Radiographic Time: 30.91 @ Metallic jets were formed. The explosively

induced shock wave in the aluminum

plate interacted with the 60o, 0, g-moves, to produce the jew. h was 30.0 mm.

P MO

I

T‘

I

101.6

w

&

COMP. B-3

/

●

7 h i BEAM AXIS”

290

,+

+

~12.7

SHOT

1283:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Aluminum Jets from December 31, 1970 Roger W. Taylor 29.09 KS

100° Grooves

Metallic jets were formed, The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 100°,(), grooves, to produce the jets. h was 20.06 mm.

P–040

-1+ 101,6

T

a. z

COMP. B-3

.-L

t 1

ALUMINUM

W

~

+/q

BEAM AXIS

I

292

m.5

‘i+

SHOT Date:

1287:

Aluminum Jets from December 31, 1970 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 29.89 +s Metallic jets were formed. The explosively

120° Grooves

induced shock wave in the aluminum

plate interacted with the 120°, 8, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 26.0 mm.

I

P–040

H

T q

&

101.6

COMP. B- 3

T

II

ALUMINUM h i /+ BEAM AXIS

294

I

SHOT Date:

Aluminum Jets from 140° Grooves November 11, 1970 Roger W. Taylor 29.90 @

1290:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 140°, H, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 25,7 mm.

11

T w

G

1 P–m

101.6 T

w

b

z—

COMP. B–3

I . .

/’:

I

296

VY

SHOT

1291:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. plate interacted with the

Aluminum Jets from 140° Grooves December 16, 1970 Roger W, Taylor 30.35 #s The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum 140°, #, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 29.7 mm.

2“2 +

~

1-1--’‘ET

I

P440

w

z COMP. B–3

●

1 +

ALUMINUM

i BEAM AXIS

298

/’+

I

SHOT

Aluminum Jets Iioxn 140° Grooves December !29, 1970 Roger W. Taylor :30.71 ps

1292:

Date:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 140°, (), grooves, to produce the jets. h was 32.0 mm.

Tw G 1

T

JALUMINUM

h

+-

L-//+ BEAM

3w

AXIS

I1

SHOT

1293:

Alumhun December

Date:

Jets horn 29, 1970

140° Grooves

Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 31.21 us Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted

with the 140°, 0, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 36.0 mm.

I

P-040

101.6 T

c .: 0 COMP. B–3

I

302

SHOT

1294:

Aluminum Jets horn January 27, 1971

Date:

160° Grooves

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 30.00 @ Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 160°, H, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 27.4 mm.

t—.

203.2

—1

r-’%

A-4 I t- ‘0’” 1

. z

COMP. B-.3

i

I IZ, , BEAM AXIS’ 1=(, e

304

T

SHOT Date:

1295:

Aluminum Jets from 1600 Grooves January 21, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 30.36 @ Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 160°, f?, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 29.87 mm.

Tq z 1 1----2032 P–CMO

101.6 T ~ 5 COMP. B–3

I

11 ALUMINUM h b BEAM AXIS

306

/+

SHOT

1296:

Aluminum Jets from 160° Grooves Date: December 23, 1971 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 30.72 @ Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 160G, 0, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 32.38 mm.

T

Ihllll[ lj~llllll)

1111111111 ~,1~~ II

w &

llml~~

1

-K

PI

1’ 11111,,1 ‘Ill illll

DET

P–040

101,6 T

Q

a,

.5 COMP, B-3

J-

1

BEAM AXIS

308

SHOT Date:

1297:

Aluminum Jets from January 5, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter:

170° Grooves

Radiographic Time: 30.08 w Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 170’, d, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 27.6 mm.

“

t----

P–04C

101.6 T

: m. z COMP. B–3

i BEAM AXIS

310

~

SHOT Date:

1298:

Aluminum Jets from 160° Grooves January 27, 1971 Roger W. Taylor W. 39 #s

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the Iw”, 0, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 30.1 mm.

P.040

101 6 T*1

z COMP. B-3

v ! h

ALUMINUM

1

BEAM

312

AXIS

SHOT

1299:

Date: Experimenter:

Aluminum

Jets from

1709 Grooves

December 23, 1971 llo~er W. Taylor

30.72 ,uS Radiographic Time: .Metallic jets were formed. The explosively

induced shock wave in the aluminum

plate interacted with the 170°, 0, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 32.6 mm.

DET

P-o’lo

101.6 T ~ z

i

COMP, B–3 F

-L

T

314

SHOT Date:

1300:

Aluminum Jets from June 9, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

175° Grooves

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 30.07 ,@ Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 175°, f), grooves, to produce the jets. h was 27.6 mm.

DET

P-D40

101,6 T

D

II BEAM AXIS

316

SHOT Date:

1301:

Aluminum

Jets from

September

29, 1971

175” Grooves

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 30.45 #s Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted

with the 175”, l), grooves, to produce the jets. h was 30.1 mm.

,03.2 —-

/—

P--MO

101.6 T*1

+ 5 COMP, B-3

I

II YEAM AXIS

318

SHOT Date:

1302:

Aluminum Jets from 175° Grooves September 30, 1971 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 30.79 #s Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 175°, d, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 32.6 mm.

DET

P–04C F

320

SHOT

1303:

Aluminum Jets from October5, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

Date: Experimenter:

175° Grooves

Radiographic Time: :31.08 &s Metallic jets were formed. The explosively induced shock wave in the aluminum plate interacted with the 175°, 6, grooves, to produce the jets. h was 35.1 mm.

T. E L P–@lo

101.6 T*1

p E COMP. B -3

-L

*

BEAM AXIS

322

-!

Beryllium Regular Shock Reflection SHOT 1333: March 12, 1975 Date: Timothy R. Neal Experimenter: 38,43 /ls Radiographic Time: N-eal, 1979 Reference: Two 101.6-mm Composition B-3 cubes in contact with a 60° beryllium wedge were initiated simultaneously by P-081 lenses. At the 30° collision angle, regulm reflection of the two beryllium shock waves occurred. The beam axis is centered on the sample.

&

Q&

I—101.6—I

324

SHOT 1338: Aluminum Triple-Shock Reflection Date: December 20, 1974 Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radiographic Time: 40.08 /.tS Reference: Neal, 1976a Three 101.6-mm Composition B-3 cubes in contact with a 60° 6061 aluminum wedge were initiated simultaneously by P-081 lenses. A triple-interaction wave occurred when the three regular reflection shocks coilided.

326

shock

Taylor

SHOT [342: Date: Experimenter:

Instability

in Aluminum

March 9, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

34.99 @s Radiographic Time: Barnes et al., 1974 Reference: A 2.64-mm-thick plate of 1100 aluminum with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves 0.203 mm deep and a wavelength of 5.08 mm was driven by detonation products from 38.1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25.4 mm in a vacuum for 8.0 ~s. The observed amplitude of the wave was 1.515 mm.

——— ——.

——— _

[ . :

o

——— ———————

I

1

T .:

PBx

94o4

u u-i 2.64 mm mck ALUMINUM

2

/AXIS

328

SHOT Date:

1350:

Water Splash Wave Formed March 30, 1971 Roger K. London

by a PBX-9404

Sphere

Experimenter: 66,03 @ Radiographic Time: Mader, 1972a; Mader, 1979 References: The interaction with water of a 12.7-mm-radius sphere of PBX-9404 initiated by 6.35-mm-radius XTX 8003 (80/20 wt% PETN/silicone binder) detonated at its center. The sphere was half’ immemd in the water. The radiograph was taken 15.8 PS titer detonation was initiated. The detonation wave arrived at the explosive surface in 1.5 ps. See Shots 1351 and 1352.

r

MDF INITIATOR

BEAM

12.7-mm RADIUS PBX-WC4 SURROUNDING B.35-mm RAOIUS xTX S033

Y

304.8 -Innl LUCITE CUBE=

WATER

330

SHOT

1351:

Water Splash Wave Formed April 14, 1971 Roger K. London 76.48 @

by a PBX-9404

Sphere

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: References: Mader, 1972a; Mader, 1979 The interaction with water of a 12.7-mm-radius sphere of’ PBX-94.04 initiated by 6.35-mm-radius

XTX

E033 detonated at its center. The sphere was half immersed

in water. The radiograph Shots 1350 and 1352,

was taken 26.3 ~s after detonation

l\

MDFIN,TIATOR

BEAM

12.7-mm-RADIUS PBX-@404 SURROUNDING 6,36mm-RAOIUS xTX-W173

/

3@4,8-mm LuCITE CUBE.

WATER

332

was initiated.

See

SHOT Date:

1352:

Water Splash Wave Formed April 21, 1971 Roger K. London

by a PBX-9404

Experimenter: 111.51 +!3 Radiographic Time: Mader, 1972a Reference: The interaction of a 12.7-mm-radius sphere of’ PBX-9404

Sphere

initiated by 6.35-mm-

radius XTX 8003 detonated at. its center. The sphere was two-thirds immersed in water. The radiograph was taken 61.3 PS after detonation was initiated. See Shots 1350 and 1351.

BEAIM AXIS

127 mm RADIUS PBX 94o4 SURROb 6.35 mm RA31US XT X BO03

Y NOING

304.8 ,,)(,1 LUCITZ BOX

304 a

334

-

SHOT

1353:

Taylor

Date:

Instability

in Aluminum

July 2, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 35.U ps Reference: Barnes et al., 1974 A 2.64-mm-thick plate of 1100 aluminum with uniform sinuwidal surtace grooves 0.102 mm deep and a wavelength of 2.54 mm was driven by detonation products from 38.1 mm of’ PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25.4 mm in a vacuum for 8.0 pa. The observed amplitude of the wave was 0.165 mm. See also Shot 1824.

.——

——.

——.

—

c)

___

-f

_——

——— —

k

1

Fsx-fhlm -r ; 2

2.54 ,mm th,cn j ALUMINUM AXIS

336

SHOT 1354: Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference: A 2.64-mm-thick plate of

Taylor

Inability

in Aluminum

March 18, 1971 Roger W. Taylor 33.40 @ Barnes et al., 1974 1100 aluminum with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves

0.203 mm deep and a wavelength of’ 5.08 mm was driven by detonation products from 38.1 mm of’ P13X-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25.4 mm in a vacuum for 6.4 ps. The observed amplitude of the wave was 0.880 mm.

__—

—— .—.

_——

— _——

——

— —-

1

PBx–E404

338

I

SHOT 1356: Converging Aluminum Shock Wave June 8, 1971 Date: Fteynaldo Morales Experimenter: 27.59 ps Radiographic Time: Mader and Craig, 1975; Mader, 1979 References: The shock wave was formed in a 30.48-mm sphere of 11OO-F aluminum by a detonated surrounding sphere of 92.71-cm-thick PBX-9404. The radius of the aluminum shock wave was 8.78 + 0.22 mm and the PBX-9404 aluminum interface was 26.14 + 0.14 mm. The shock wave traveled for 1.72 ,USin the aluminum.

3443

SHOT Date:

1365:

Taylor

Instability

in Aluminum

April 14, 1971 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: 34.31 ps Radiographic Time: Barnes et al., 1974 Reference: A 2.64-mm-thick plate of’ 1100 aluminum with uniform sinusoids] surface grooves 0.203 mm deep and a wavelength of 5.08 mm was driven by detonation products from 38.1 mm of P13X-94W initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 2,5.4 mm in a vacuum for 7.3 KS.The observed amplitude of the wave was 1.168 mm.

—.———

———— —

o

————— —————

-

342

2U3,2

[ ~ :

1

SHOT

1368:

Aluminum Mach Reflection June 22, 1971 Date: Timothy R. Neal Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 34.7 #s Neal, 1976a Reference: Two 101.6- by 50.8-mm blocks of’ Composition B-3 separated by a 25.4-mm-thick aluminum plate were initiated by a P-081 lens.

——. — t :; “ /“

l—-l

——

—-l

II II II

T

I

10! II Ii

L_.

__

L__’_____J

? z

1

P--081

I

T COMP, B 3

344

‘T Al

COMP, B 3

SHOT Date:

1369:

Oblique

Shock

in Aluminum

June 22, 1971 Timothy R. Neal 39.17 ps Neal, 1976b

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference: An oblique shock in 2024 aluminum was driven by 127.0 mm of TNT initiated by a l?-081 lens.

I

346

SHOT

1373:

Date: Experimenter:

Colliding

Lead Shocks

September 2, 1971 Timothy R. Neal 20.71 @

Radiographic Time: Two 25.4-mm-thick slabs of Composition B-3 were simultaneously initiated by two P-040 lenses. The detonaticm waves interacted with a 25.4-mm-square, 20.0-mmhigh lead block.

!—.

L -? :

1016

ci

❑ ,--

_-l

~o~ ----

T

~

25.4

~

OET

P–U40 m

1

LEAD COMP. B-3 L 10.0 -?-=

BEAM AXIS

m

‘1

COMP

B-3

I

P-040

OET

348

Taylor Instability in Aluminum SHOT 1374: August 26, 1971 Date: Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 35.08 ~ Radiographic Time: Barnes et al., 1974 Reference: A 2.64-mm-thick plate of 6061 aluminum with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves 0.203 mm deep and a wavelength of 5.08 mm was driven by detonation products from 38.1 mm of’ PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25,4 mm in a vacuum for 8.1 x. The obsemed amplitude of’ the wave was 1.127 mm.

-———

———-

1 *: , 1 ——. -——— ——— o

I

-f ‘ g

350

——

PBX–94CM

SHOT

1389:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two 101.6-mm-square

Gi)lliding Lead Shocks June 1, 1972 Timothy R. Neal 30.35 #s by 25.4-rmn-wide slabs of Composition

B-3 were initiated by

P-040 lenses. The detonation waves interacted with 20.0 mm of lead. The reflected shock velocity was 3.11 mm/@.

--.—— —-— (“7 ——-—

0

T

25.4

———

1

I

P+

1 8EAM AXIS

=5 1

10.[

+

107

L

LEAD

2 T

i--ma--+ ‘

COMP. B–3

-i

P–MO

--l+

352

SHOT Date:

Oblique Shock in Aluminum June 27, 1973 Timothy R. Neal 32.7 @ Neal, 1976b

1396:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: reference: An oblique shock in 20M aluminum

was driven by a 45° wedge of PBX-9404

in-

itiated by a P-081 lens. An oblique shock is also driven into the Lucite sample.

4’ 12. ?

T -T

w

z

1

G

3 -1

P8X-M04

P–OB1

354

SHOT

1437:

Projectile

Date:

Penetration

of a StA

Plate

Ju]y 7, 1972 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 30.13 @ .4 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 50.8-mm-thick plate at 24.00 ft/s, The time was after initial impact. See also Shots 1438, 1439, 1443, and 1446.

STEEL

‘-l

I ~36.O/~

356

3 30’

I

<,E26

SHOT Date:

1438:

Projectile

Penetration

July 10, 1972 Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 100.18 #S A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted

of a Steel Plate

Experimenter:

a 50.8-mm-thick

steel plate at

2400 ft/s. The time was after initial impact. See also Shots 1437, 1439, 1443, and 1446.

STEEL

QIEEE=7 ~114.3Ll-l

t-”-i

330’

~: ? I— – , WE -2 m

i

4.826

●

URANIUM

358

I

CORE

20

SHOT 1439: Projectile Penetration of a Steel Plate July 10, 1972 Date: Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 225.10 @ Radiographic Time: A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 50.8-mm-thick

steel plate at

2400 ft/s. The time was after initial impact. See also Shots 1437, 1438, 1443, and 1446.

STEEL

‘-,

360

SHOT

Projectile

1443:

Penetration

of a Steel Plate

July 11, 1972 Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 15.15 ,@ Radiographic Time: A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 50.8-mm-thick steel plate at 2400 ftfs. The time was after initial impact. See also Shots 1437-1439, and 1446.

Date:

STEEL

‘-

t3’”a71

3“30’

+ :,: 1~’ .

‘i+ uRANIUM

362

4.8X ‘ dlmmm

CORE

20

SHOT

1446:

Projectile

Penetration

of a Steel Plate

July 11, 1972 Date: Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 180.10 @ A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 50.8-mm-thick steel plate at 24OOft/s. The time was after initial impact. See also Shots 1437-1439, and 1443.

STEEL

‘-

364

SHOT Date:

1448:

Projectile

Penetration

of a Steel Plate

July 11, 1972 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Static A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 50.8-mm-thick steel plate at 2140 ft/s. See also Shots 1449 and 1450. The static shot shows the projectile core embedded in the steel plate. STEEL

‘-l

~

366

1“’0

i

Projectile Penetration of a Steel Plate SHOT 1449: July 12, 1972 Date: Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 35.06 @ Radiographic Time: .4 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 50.8-mm-thick steel plate at 2140 ft/s. The time was after initial impact. See also Shots 1448 and 1450.

STEEL

‘-

t0;

~.m.

36.07 I

i

-s =Irr T

r

●, URANIUM

368

4826 I dianelef

b

L CORE

+ 20

SHOT Date:

1450:

Projectile

Penetration

July 12, 1972 Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 115.19 @ A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted 2140 ft/s. The time was after initial impact.

of a Steel Plate

a 50.8-mm-thick

STEEL

‘-

~l”so

t-”-l

370

steel plate at

See also Shots 144-8 and 1449.

3’30’

4.826

Projectile Penetration of a Steel Plate SHOT 1453: July 12, 1972 Date: Roger W. Taylor Experimenter: 80.12 ,uS Radiographic Time: A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 31.75-mm-thick

steel plate at

3250 ft/s. The time was after initial impact. The projectile impacted the steel plate at 60° obliquity, See also Shots 1454-1456, and 1458.

STEEL

‘-,

F“”’i ~: ~: .5

372

Im

3“30’

I

r

‘~

b, URANIUM

CORE

4.826 ; dldmeter

Fr 20

Projectile Penetration July 12, 1972

SHOT 1454: Date: Experimenter:

of a Steel Plate

Roger W. Taylor 15,11 #s Radiographic Time: A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 31.75-mm-thick

steel plate at

3250 ft/s. The time was after initial impact. The projectile impacted the steel plate at 60° obliquity. See also Shots 1453, 1455, 1456, and 1458.

STEEL

‘-,

374

SHOT Date:

1455:

Projectile Penetration July 12, 1972

Experimenter:

of a Steel Plate

Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 140,11 #s A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 31.75-mm-thick steel plate at 3250 f’t/s. The time was after initial impact. The projectile impacted the steel plate at 60° obliquity. See also Shots 1453, 1454, 1456, and 1458.

STEEL

‘-,

376

SHOT Date:

Projectile Penetration July 12, 1972 Roger W. Taylor 40.12 /.ls

1456:

of a Steel Plate

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 31.75-mm-thick steel plate at 3250 it/s. The time was after initial impact. The projectile impacted the steel plate at 60° obliquity.

See also Shots 1453-1455, and 1458.

STEEL

‘-l

~-l

14.30

E360’ti ~!Tr-

378

330

URANIUM

CORE

4.H26

;Lz;:’er

SHOT

1458:

Projectile

Date:

Penetration

of a Steel Plate

July 13, 1972

Experimenter: Roger W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 200.25 ps A 30-mm projectile with a uranium core impacted a 31.75-mm-thick steel plate at 3250 ft/s. The time was after initial impact. The projectile impacted the steel plate at 60° obliquity. See also Shots 1453-1456.

STEEL

‘-

380

SHOT

Taylor

1468:

Date:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Instability

in Steel

October 25, 1972 Roger W. Taylor :+2.53 ps

Barnes et al., 1974 Reference: A 1,W-mrn -thick plate of 304 stainless steel with uniform sinusoidal surface g-moves 0.203 mm deep and a wavelen@h of 5.08 mm was driven by detonation products from W. 1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 12.7 mm in a vacuum for 5.5 ps. The observed amplitude 0.476 mm.

of the wave is

————————--.—.

o

1

\,

,E,,:,,ck!!, BEAM AXIS

382

SHOT Date:

Taylor

1469:

Instability

in Steel

October 26, 1972 Roger W. Taylor

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference:

34.09 ps Barnes et al., 1974

A 1.90-rnm-thick plate of 304 stainless steel with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves 0.203 mm deep and a wavelength of 5.08 mm was driven by detonation products fkom 38.1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 12.7 mm in a vacuum for 6.5 ~s. The obsemed 0.725 mm.

amplitude

of the wave is

-————————-——.

\

\ u.

%

(o

//,) 1

—-—— ——————— 203.2~

d--==+

1 1.901111?1(I,lck 304 STEEL

384

1 12, / T

BEAM AXIS

SHOT Date:

1488:

kad Regular Shock Jume 26, 1973

Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radiographic Time: 37.84 @ Reference: Neal, 1977 Two blocks of Composition 3-3 simultaneously

Reflection

initiated by a P-081 lens obliquely

shocked 14.0 mm of lead. The shocks interacted to form a regular shock reflection. See also Shot 1489.

u LEAD FOIL

386

LEAD

SHOT

1489:

Lead Regular

Shock

Reflection

Date:

June 26, 1973 Timothy R. Neal Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 36.29 @ Reference: Neal, 1977 Two blocks of PBX-9404 simultaneously initiated

by a P-081 lens obliquely

shocked 14.0 mm of lead. The shocks interacted to form a regulm shock reflection. See Shot 1486.

12.7

LEAD FOIL

LEAD

T :

J ‘

;

P9X-9CCM BEAM Axis

TT

/+ LUCITE PIN HOLDER

~ EQ & I I L

Wx+ ‘}

388

SHOT Date:

1497:

Iron Phase Change May Lo, 1973

Experimenter: Gary W. Rodenz Radiographic Time: 90.28 w A 66.0- by 66.0- by 50.8-mm block of Armco iron was shocked by a lZ.7-mm-thick stainless s~eel plate chiven by 152,4 mm of Baratol and a P-120 lens. The two shock and rarefaction

profiles resulted from the iron phase change.

/“,-\<\\

‘ ,-., \ ~..\ 1~ /\

/> I

‘\;\ \\\\

El

I

/;/

=-”/

—-”/

k 66.0+ ARMco

IRON

H’we=l==i BARATOL

~DET

390

SHOT

Dynamic Fracture August 1, 1973

1515:

Date: Experimenter:

of Iron

Gary W. Rodenz 114.58 @

Radiographic Time: A 66,0- by 66.0- by 50.8-mm block of Armco iron was shocked by a 12.7-mm-thick steel plate driven by 152.4 mm of 13aratol and a P-120 lens with a 25.4-mm air gap between the Baratol and the steel plate. The steel plate traveied 25.4 mm before it collided with the iron block. The fracture pattern in the iron was a result of the interactions of the rarefactions from the sides and the top of the iron block. See also Shot 1627.

/: ‘g \

/

/“/ —-’

A,

\\-~ ‘ ..-,

\ El \’ L

\\

1

ARMCO

\\

.’

/// ___ / /

‘\

//

/,

.7

IRON

~;(*7”” cYLINDER

~

II

w

r

P–120

—OET

392

-L

SHOT

Perturbation

1519:

Waves

in TNT

,Iune 14, 1973 Date: Wiliiam C. Davis Experimenter: 39.34 #s Radiographic Time: Two 50.8-mm-wide by 101.6-mm-high blocks of TNT with 1.5875-mm-square were initiated by 25.4 mm of’ PBX-94-04 and a P-081 lens.

.58 1.1!1,W,dd(e IOLES

T e & I

1 PBX

394

9404

holes

SHOT Date:

1568:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Shock Compression February 11, 1975

of Foamed

Polystyrene

John W, Taylor 73.47 ps

A 50.8-mm-thick cylinder of foamed polyst~ene (average density of 0.25 g/cm3) was symmetrically impacted by two 6.35-mm-thick aluminum platea driven by 203.2-mm-thick Composition B-3 cylindere and P-120 lenses. See also Shot 1569. A regular shock reflection occurred in the decomposition products of the shockheateci polystyrene. The initial shock compresses the foam to 1.0 g/cm8 and about 59 kbars, the second shock to 1.71 g/cm3 and about 496 kbars, and the third shock to 2.12 g/cm3 and about 819 kbars. The final compressed foam density was 2.8 g/cm3 and about 1 Mbar.

~4.8+1r11 d!ameler FOAM CYLINDER

~w

DET

~ ,,,,” ll,dm~t~c

COMP, B 3 CYLINDER

o’

; ,~ 50.0 ~

535

v

/

II:, ) dm k AI IJMINUMCYLINOER

396

,.3,, ~

4

P

120

.DET

SHOT Date:

1569:

Shock Compression March 26, 1975

of Foamed

Polystyrene

Experimenter: John W. Taylor Radiographic Time: 78.70/ls A 50.&l-mm-thick cylinder of foamed polystyrene (average density of 0.25 g/cm3) was symmetrically impacted by two 6.35-mm-thick steel plates driven by 203.2 tnrn-thick Composition B-3 cylindem and P-120 lenses. See also Shot 1566. .4 regular shock reflection occurred in the decomposition products of’ the shocked heated polystyrene.

DET —

‘1”

6.3&mn+Tx ~EEL CYLINDER

398

SHOT Date:

1627:

Experimenter:

Dynamic Fracture April 8, 1975 Gary W. Rodenz

of Iron

86.60 ps Radiographic Time: .466.0 - by 66.0- by 25.4-mm block of Armco iron was shocked by a 12.7-mm-thick steel plate driven by 101.6 mm of 13aratol and a P-120 lens. Between the Baratol and the steel plate was a 25.4-mm air gap. The steel plate traveled 14.2 mm before ii, collided with the iron block. A capacitor gauge was located above the iron block. The fracture pattern was a result of the interaction of the rarefactions from the sides and top of the iron block. See also Shot 1515.

I /’-<

/(/‘

-—\

\ \\\

-. \ •1 \\

I I

\,.,.;

\,

\:\

\\ \ \___ \

ARMCO

,,,mmth,=k STEEL PLATE

‘1

), /;/

/’/ // BEAM ,AXIS

w++

IRON

AIR LUCITE

,

lJ 25.4

T

cyL’NDERHi

400

SHOT L)ai.e:

1629:

Oblique Shock in Water May 6, 1976 Timothy R. Neal 25.90 *

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: ,4n oblique shock in 10.O-mm-thick water was driven by 50.8-mm Composition initiated by a P-MO lens. See also Shot 1739.

‘ox -----R-t BEAM H Axis

v

I q

COMP. B–3 10,0 IIIIn [h)ck WATER

z: 0

. i

LUCITE BOX

_

— ‘1

P–040

DET

402

f I

B-3

SHOT1634: Date:

Oblique Shocks June 11, 1975

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

in Composite

Systems

Timothy R. Neal 39.1 ps A 25.4-mm-wide block of X0219 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm’) was initiated by a P-040 lens and obliquely shocked 10-mm-thick beryllium and 25.4tnm-thick aluminum.

,-10.0 ~25.44

‘ ~25.4j

SHOT 1660: Oblique Shocks in Composite Systems l-late: November 13, 1975 Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radiographic Time: :;1.96 @ A 76.2-mm-wide block of Baratol initiated by a P-040 lens obliquely shocked 8.15mm-thick aluminum and a :18.l-mm-thick 45° wedge of antimony.

,’

/“

-

m’ \

/

\

/

\

1’

,-’, ,-/

\@

E

\

;-

!

/1

\

\

-..

5. ?5 8.01lhlck A. JMINUM

\

BARATOL

P-MC

-4

406

1

1

SHOT Date:

1678:

Oblique Shock in Antimony December 12, 1975 Timothy R. Neal

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: :EI.29 #S Reference: Neal, 1976b A 203.2-mm-high block of PBX-9404 was initiated by a P-040 lens and obliquely shocked a 50.8-mm-thick slab of antimony.

\

I f

\

,,-\ .-’

[ \

I I I

\

k

r

101.6

—

506

-f-

PBX4MC!4

J KM--i

-1 A.

4L)8

T

I I 1

L

~25.4~

12,7

i

i

~

SHOT Date:

1679:

Oblique Shocks in Composite Systems December 18, 1975 Timothy R. Neal Experimenter: 35.24 &s Radio~aphic Time: Neal, 1976b Reference: A 203.2-mm-high block of’ PBX-9404 was initiated by a P-(MQ lens and obliquely shocked 2.77-mm-thick

beryllium

1—

and a 50.8-mm-thick

10I.6

~“’+’”1

BEAM AXIS \

PBX-S404

Pa

410

,’

2.77. mm. Ihick BERYLLIUM

slab of antimony.

SHOT1696:

Baratol

.Mach Reflection

I)ate: December 15, 1976 Richard D. Dick Experimenter: 87.7/.ls Radiographic Time: Mader and Dick, 1979 Keference: Baratol was shocked by a 6.35-mm-thick steel flying plate going 0.8 mml~s and ixlitiated by a P-040” lens after a delay of 50.51 ws. The resulting detonations interacted to form a Mach reflection.

r

1

1 --

LINE GENERATOR

.Axls

0

tt-

+;

BARATOL

IL_ P-.CMJ3

I 1

412

1 1

1

SHOT Dtite:

1697:

Desensitization of TATB ,January 6, 1977

by Preshocking

Richard D. Dick Experimenter: fidio~aphic Time: 86.11 As Reference: Mader and Dick, 1979 X0219 (90/10 wt% TAT13/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm3) was shocked by a 6.35 -mnl-thick steel flying plate going 0.8 mm/@ zmd initiated by 25.4 mm of TNT and a P-040 lens after a delay of 53.8 As. The resulting detonation failed to propagate in the preshocked explosive.

—

BEAM Axis

0, :

* +* 250-

TATB

r

TN1

LFP -040

DET

414

LINE GE NE RATo H

SHOT Date:

1698:

Desensitization of TATB January 6, 1977

by Preshocking

Richard D. Dick Experimenter: 86.12 * Kadiog-raphic Time: Mader and Dick, 1979 Reference: PBX-9502 (95/5 wt% TAT13/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) was shocked by a 6.35-mm-thick steel plate going 0.8 mm/ps and initiated by 25.4 mm of’ TNT and a P-040 lens a.iter a delay of’ 53.58 JLS.The resulting detonation failed to propagate in the preshocked explosive. See also Shot 1914.

‘k 0’ \ \\ // T q z :-\ ./ f ‘\ / \ \ // -D 1 —

r I

TNT

I

I

k 41b

P-040

LINE GENERATOR

SHOT

TATJ3 Turning

1699:

a 90° Aluminum

C!mner

April 14, 1976

Date:

Richtid D. Dick Experimenter: 42.93 @ Radiographic Time: An X0219 (90/10 wt.% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm9) detonation wave initiated by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 and a P-081 lens turned an embedded aluminum corner. See also Shot 1745. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot,

T

w,

&

~—

IU1.6

101.6

—

““ ‘“’~,

‘

BEAM ,Axls

TATB ~

~

70.0

q z . 1

I 0 0

ALUMINUM

I

i 1– , !2,7 ~-

COMP. B–3

.— ,-

P–osl

)J-DET

418

SHOT

1700:

TATB

I.)aie:

Turning

a 90° Aluminum

Comer

April 14, 1976

Experimenter: Richard I), Dick 42.34 ~ Radiographic Time: A PBX-9502 (95/5 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) detonation wave initiated by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 and a P-081 lens turned an embedded aluminum corner. See also Shot 1746. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot,

TATB

TATB

—

q

c1

i 12

COMP. B-3

3

+ P ..081

““4’

42(I

ALUMINUM

1!

1

SHOT Date:

1701:

TATB

Turning

a 45” Aluminum

Corner

April 29, 1976 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 44.44 #s An X0219 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm3) detonation wave initiated by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 and a P-081 lens turned an embedded 45° aluminum corner. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot.

+

TATB 45,

T BEAM AXIS

.

1 ATB ~

1 c % ALUMINUM

L 12.7 .

COtvlP B -3 . L

P -001

oET

422

z m

SHOT

1702:

TATB

Turning

a 45° Aluminum

Date:

Corner

May 4, 1976 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 44.07 &s A PBX-Y502 (95/5 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) detonation wave initiated by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 and a F’-O81 lens turned an embedded 45° aluminum corner. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown cm top of the shot.

+

!01.6 ~

101.6

TATB —45’

TATB

ALUMINUM

1 . 12.7

COMP. B 3

-T-

P .081

424

—4

SHOT

1703:

Colliding TATB Diverging May 4, 1976 Richard D. Dick 65.11 @

Detonations

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two diverging X0219 (90/10 wl%. TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm3) detonations formed by simultaneously initiating the two ends of an X0219 arc of 89,0-mm inner radius and 114.0 -mm outer radius were radiogmphed while the detonations were colliding. See Shot 1936 for a later time. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot.

12.0

TATB

TAT

I

B u ~

1 ? :

DET

426

PBX– 9404

PBX– 0404

SHOT Date:

1704:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two diverging PBX-95W

Colliding TATB May 5, 1976

Diverging

Richard D. Dick 64.47 @ (95/5 wt% TAT13/Kel-F

Detonations

at 1.894 %’cm’) detonations for-

med by initiating the two enda of’ a PBX-9502 arc of’ 89. O-mm inner radius and 114.O-mm outer radius were radiographer while the detonations were colliding. See Shot 1939 for a later time. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot.

I

428

SHOT Date:

1705:

TATB Turning a 90° Corner May 4, 1976 Richard Il. Dick 41.85 *

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: A PBX-9502 (95/5 wt% TATJ3/Kel-F by z5,4 ~m “f PBX-W and a p-ml

at L.894 g/cm”l det~n~~i~n wave was initiated lens turning a 90° corner. See also Shots 1937,

1941, and 1943. A step wedge used for density calibration

is shown on top of the

shot.

II

II II ,-II f ‘, ._. II II I II

I ,.

II

y25.4 q-25.4.+-38. 7

1 BEAM Axis

+– / PBX- 9502

~

+/

k

. -

.%’

1- 5.0

?-

5“0

,g U 2

4 PBX–

430

25.4 >

SHOT

1711:

Date: Experimenter:

Antimony Regular April 13, 1976

Shock Reflection

Timothy R. Xeal Kaciiographic Time: 30.96 #s Two 127-mm-high blocks of TNT were simultaneously initiated by two P-(MO lenses. They obliquely shocked an embedded layer of 3.O-mm -thick beryllium and a 50.8-mm-thick block of antimony. A regular shock reflection occurred in the antimony.

tzs.4 3.@mm-lhick BERYLLIUM

k

E4M +

B3.5 +

+:+

m *

~ ANTIMONY

z L

TNT w

TNT

“

0. CC?timm-thti ALUMINUM FOIL

BEAM AXIS

1 w ~ m

AIR

P-OM

P–m

u

432

G

SHOT Date:

1713:

TATB Gmtined April 27, 1976

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

by Aluminum

in Air

Richard I). Dick

30.66 @ An X0219 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm’) detonation wave initiated by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 and a P-081 lens was confined by a 50.8-mm-thick aluminum plate. A step wedge used for density calibration was shown on top of the shot. h was 60.0 mm.

BtAM AXIS \ ALUMINUM

X0219

L

12.7

~

434

COMP. B .3

“

‘T. 1

T

.b .

1

SHOT

1714:

TATB Confined April 27, 1976

Date:

by Aluminum

and Air

Richard D. Dick Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 30.67 @ .4 PBX-9,502 (95/5 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) detonation wave initiated by 12.7 mm of Composition

B-:3 and a P-081 lens was confined by a 50.8-mm-thick

aluminum plate. A step wedge used for density calibration shot. h was 60.0 mm.

:01.6

—

.

50.8

ALUMINUM

is shown on top of the

4

+

PBX - 9502 z

~ a .

I

i

“ ‘r

COMP. B-3

1

436

SHOT

1721:

BCXYlliUUI TriplA3hock September 15, 1976 Timothy R. Neal

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Reference:

Reflection

Time:

37.46 @ Neal, 1979 Three 101.6-mm I?BX-9404 cubes in contact with a 60° beryllium wedge were initiated simultane=cwdy by P-0131 lenses. A triple-interaction shock wave occurred when the three regular reflection shocks collided. The x-ray beam was collimated to provide shrapnel protection, and the darker mea in the center of the radiograph was a region of high radiation flux. See also Shot 1338.

438

SHOT Date:

1728:

Regular Reflection August 26, 1976 Timothy R.. Seal

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 37.48 #S Two PBX-9404 detonation waves interacted

in PBX-9404

to form a regular reflection.

The

detonation waves formed when two 101.6-mm cubes of P13X-9404 initiated by POFI 1 lenses simultaneously initiated two sides of a 60a PBX-9404 wedge.

fo,

.6

PBX-94LM

... ‘Yt=—

440

101.6 —-

SHOT Date:

1729:

PBX-9404 Triple Regular September 15, 1976

Reflection

Experimenter: Timothy R. N-eal Iladiowaphic Time: :18.06 ps Three P13X-9404 detonation waves formed by 101.6-mm cubes of PBX-9404 initiated by P-WI lenses simultaneously initiated the three sides of a 60° P13X-9404 wedge. A triple-interaction wave occurred when the three regular reelection shocks in the detonation products collided.

442

SHOT Date:

1734:

Oblique Shocks in Water ,January 4, 1977 Timothy R.. Neal

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: 25.83 ,uS An oblique shock in 5.O-mm-thick water was driven by 50.8 mm of’ Composition B-3 initiated by a P-M-O lens and reflected from a 5.O-mm-thick aluminum plate.

LUCITE Box

_

5.0

-.,

T i:>9 z -i // 1

a @

+6cLe+

8E~ Axis [email protected] ~ ALUMINUM 5.o.nWWdlii WATER

77 +

m.

COMP. 0-3

z?

11

Pa

I

%==+

444

I

o

SHOT Date:

1735:

Oblique

Shocks

in Water

January 4, 1977 Timothy R. Neal 25.78 ,uS

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: An oblique shock in 5.O-mm-thick water was driven by 50.8 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens and reflected from a 5 .O-mm-thick beryllium plate.

LIJCI1 Box

SEAM 4X15

0 + T

5.0 ,11!,1lhlck 3ERYLLIUM COMP. B 3

~

5,J )r,,) tn,ck WATER

a

Q

‘1

P- 04n

DET

y 0

SHOT Date:

1736:

Experimenter:

ObIique Shocks in Water December 1, 1976 Timothy R. Neal 25.74 @

Radiographic Time: An oblique shock in 5.O-mm-thick water was driven by 50.8 mm of Composition initiakd by a P-04U lens and reflected from a 5.O-mm-thick lead plate.

LuCITE BOX

~. \\

~ 6

1:::

Q-

/

./

I

BE;~W*w-B~ AXIS

14,0

1

-r COMP. B-3

q1 :

,

w 5

11

.J-

P-m

44

-

1.

5.0 inn-thick LEAD

5,0-mnl !hl k WATER

/

B-3

SHOT Date:

1737:

Oblique

Shocks

in Water

December 1, 1976 Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radio=aphic Time: 25.82 ps An oblique shock in b,()-mm-thick water was driven by 50.8 mm of Composition B-l] initia~ed hy a P-041) lens and reflected from a 5.O-mm-thick Lucite plate. See also Shot 1778.

LUCITL BOX

a .L

5.O-111,11 rhick LUCITE

5.0111111[htck WATER

BEAM AXIS

14.0 T

COMP, B--3

r

I

450

P 040

I

SHOT

1738:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Oblique

Shocks

in Water

December 14, 1976 Timothy R. Neal 25.82 ~

An oblique shock in 5.O-mm-thick water was driven by 50.8 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens and reflected from a 5.O-mm-thick uranium plate.

L=-J Pa

DET

452

SHOT 1739: Oblique Shock in Water Date: January 4, 1977 Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radiographic Time: 25.85 #s An oblique shock in ,5.O-mm-thick water was driven by ,50.8 mm of Composition initiated by a P-040” lens. See alsu Shot 1629.

L

‘“c’TE-=’FT-f

BOX

a w

5,0.rnm.[hick wATER

COMP. B-3 z

11

LUCITE Box

P-040

454

DET

B-3

SHOT 1740: Date: Experimenter:

*Mach Reflection in Water January 4, 1977 Timothy R. Neal

25.a4 @ Radiographic Time: Two 25.4-mm-thick Compcsit.ion B-3 slabs were initiated simultaneously 040 lens, and they shocked 10.0 mm of water. A Mach reflection water.

BEAM AXIS

10. O-ImII WATER L

14.0 -i COMP, B–3

MP B –3

T . z


I

I

456

Pw

-1

by a P-

occurred in the

SHOT Date:

1743:

Experimenter:

TATB

Confined

November

by Lucite

and &r

30, 1976

Richard D. Dick 23.30 ps Kaciiographic Time: An X0219 (90/10 wt% TATBLKel-F at 1.914 g/cm’) detonation wave cwerdriven by 25.0 mm of PBX-9501 and a P-040 lens was confined by a 25.4-mm-thick Lucite plate. See also Shot 1744.

458

TATB Conilned by Lucite and Air SHOT 1744: November 30, 1976 Date: Richard D, Dick Experimenter: 23.20 @ Radiographic Time: A PBX-9502 (95/5 vvt%. TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 gjcm’) detonation wave overdriven by 25.0 mm of PBX-9501 and a P-040 lens was confined by a 25.4-mm-thick Lucite plate. See also Shot 1743.

w Pa

DET

460

SHOT Date:

TATB

1745:

Turning

a 90” Aluminum

Comer

January 11, 1977

Richmd I). Dick Experimenter: 47.14 #s Radiographic Time: h X0219 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm3) detonation wave initiated by lZ.7 mm of’ Composition B-3 and a P-081 lens turned an embedded aluminum corner. See also Shot 1699.

l——

“I.,

~

‘0’”6 1 ? TATB +

BEAM /+ AXIS

33.0-

~

.

TATB

z m 0 0 L,

AL LJVINUM

& < i-

462

.— COMP. B 3

L

TATB Turning a 90° Aluminum Comer 1746: January 11, 1977 Date: Richard D. Dick Experimenter: 46.85 P Radiographic Time: A P13X-9502 (95/5 w-t% T.ATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm’) detonation wave initiated by lZ.7 mm of Composition B-3 and a P-081 lens turned an embedded aluminum corSHOT

ner. see also Shot 1700.

t—

,,,,

~

10,6

—1 - T

TAIB ~

35.0-

‘

BEAM /f+ AXIS [

TA1 B

c c .

AL UMINUV

—

— COMP. B 3

464

Y

*

SHOT

Taylor Lustability in Aluminum February 15, 1977 Roger K. London

1776:

Date: Experimenter: 34.99 &s Radiographic Time: Bame~ et al., 1974 Reference: A 2.64-mm-thick plate of 1100 aluminum with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves 0.203-mm deep and a wavelength

of 5.08 mm was driven by detonation

products

from 38.1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25.4 mm in a vacuum for 8.0 xs. The obsemed amplitude of’ the wave was 1.51 mm. This shot closely reproduced Shot 1342 even though the grooves were divided into four equal sections with varying surfacea. The first section had an electroplated 0.05-mm-thick gold film; the second, electroplated nickel with 30% iron; the third was left uncoated; and the fourth was electroplated with hard-anodized alumin

urn.

——— ——— ————

[ y :

o

——— -————

——

1

I

3ET

P-OB1

(“

id

‘“

PBX -B404 I

SHOT

1778:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

Oblique

Shocks

in Water

,January 12, 1977 Timothy R. Neal 25.83 w

.4n oblique shock in 5.O-rnm-th.ick water wa.edriven by 50.8 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens and reflected from a 5.O-mm-thick Lucite plate. See also Shot 1737.

5.UIIIIII {h[ck LUCITE

BEAM AXIS

T 14.0

n’-

!3.0 :!1,11lIIIC< WATER \

COMP. 0--3

T

m z

*

z

L

1

468

SHOT 1779: Water Shock Reflection Date: January 12, 1977 Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radiographic Time: 25.79 /1.s Two 101.6-mm Composition B-3 slabs 45° apart and simultaneously

initiated by

two P-MO lenses shocked the water in which they were immersed. A shock reflection occurred in the water,

LUcllt

77 —

470

SHOT Date:

1780:

Dynamic Fracture January 26, 1977

of Lead

Experimenter: Timothy R, Neal Radiographic Time: 25.47 @ Lead of 12.7-mm thickness was dynamically fractured. The lead disk was shocked by 12.7 mm of Composition B-3 initiated by a P-040 lens. The lead disk contained a wedge-shaped span layer, which made a 10 angle with the top surface. This layer

✌✏ \ 0 ❑✍ 1

was joined to the rest of the lead by Eastman 910 glue. The wedge was expected to tear at the span plane and to exhibit varying thickness on one side and a constant thickness on the other side with a discontinuity at the transition. It could not be radiographically resolved.

‘N

/

If

\

\

T

w

, -.

z

.. .

\ \ \

//1

\ ~.

/’-’

LFJ P–m

DET

472

SHOT

1781:

Date: Experimenter:

Iaad Rqgula,r Shock January 26, 1977 Timothy R. Neal

Reflection

37,85 /.LS Radiographic Time: To obtain regular shock rdlection in lead with minimum prwsure gradients, two 127.O-mm-high blocks of Composition B-3 were simultaneously initiated by a P-081 lens. They obliquely shocked embedded layers of 12.7-mm-thick Armco iron, 10mm-thick

lead, and 12.7-mm-thick

Armco iron. See also Shot 1782.

I

474

SHOT 1782: Lead Regular Shock Reflection Date: January 26, 1977 Experimenter: Timothy R. >-eal Radiographic Time: 39.92 PS To obtain regular reflection in lead with minimum pressure gradients, two 127.0mm-high blocks of TNT were simultaneously initiated by a P-081 lens. They obliquely shocked embedded layers of 6.35-mm-thick antimony, 10.O-mm-thick lead, and 6.35-mm-thick antimony. See also Shot 1781,

i

\

\

/’

/’ ,,./“

—JZZL r JONY

63.5--

TNT

m ~ m

!ll ‘ LEAD

!J

AIR

476

Water Mach Reflection SHOT 1783: February 10, 1977 Date: Timothy R. Neal Experimenter: 35.10 @ Radiographic Time: Two 101.6-mm Composition B-3 slabs were simultaneously initiated by a P-081 lens, and shocked 13.0 mm water. Nine 0,0127-mm-thick tantalum foils were located each 6.35 mm in the Composition B-3 and water in the top half of the block.

EIGHT 6~.IJiti w. B-3 SUWlTH ao127.nmmdlti AND ~~ TANTALUM FOILS

BEAM AXIS 1r 1 -1

1 1

I

COW

1

478

~~ :$

r &

!L

.- WATER

;

11

w I

B-3

COMP. BA

‘LUCITE

1

SHOT

Water Mach Reflection February 2, 1977 Timothy R. Neal 38.28 ~

1784:

Date:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Two 127.O-mm Composition B-3 slabs were simultaneously initiated by a P-081 lens, and shocked 13.0 mm of water. A Mach reflection occurred in the water. Nine 0.0127-mm-thick tantalum foils were located each 6,35 mm in the Composition B-3 and water in the top half of the block. The water level was 6.35 mm below the top of the Composition B-3 slab.

EIGHT 8hchkh ~. B-3 SLASS WtTH

AIR

“’?*

I

~ti .

COW, COUP, w

—

A

r

B-3

WATER

‘LUCITE

1

SHOT

1793:

Cylindrical Implosion August 18, 1977

Date:

of a Coppx

Tube

Experimenter: L. Erik Fugelso Radiographic Time: 60.45 #s A 25.4-mm-diameter, 2.54-mm-thick copper tube wm surrounded with a 100.Omm-diameter PBX-9501 cylinder and was initiated by a system of 12.7 mm of 304 stainless steel, 25.4 mm of TNT, was 4.0 mrn/ps.

and a P-081 lens. The maximum

/

/

‘\

/’

{

\

L 19.05

r

STEEL

1

~ T{ PBX 95D 1

I

*

1

—

? m R

I

A2,54 :11, t) th, ck COPPER CYLINDER

t

i

2 12.7

19.D5 T

%EAM AXIS

I

I

t I

STEEL 7

I TNT

25.4 A

P–Dal

I

482

L-DET

radial velocity

SHOT Date:

1795:

TATB

Turning

a 90° Comer

h’kiy 24, 1977 Experimenter: Richmd D. Dick Radiographic Time: 41.80 @ An X0291 (92.5/7.5 wt% TATB/Kel-F) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404

and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1798 and 1797.

/“- ‘, ._.

484

SHOT

1796:

Date:

TAT13 Turning

a 90” Comer

May 26, 1977

Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 42.90 @ An X0291 (92.5/7.5 wt% TAT13/Kel-F) detonation of PBX-9404

wave was initiated by 25.4 mm

and a P-081 lens turning a 90° corner. See also Shots 1795 and 1797.

II

II II .-,II 1, .-~ II II II II I

I

-?2s.4 L

486

SHOT

1797:

TATB

Turning

a 90° Corner

Date:

August 3, 1977 Experimenter: Richard D, Dick Radiographic Time: 44.60 #s An X0291 (92,5/7.5 wt%. TATB/Kel-F) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 and a P-WI lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1795 and 1796,

11

II II .-II / ‘, 8-, II II

~-

g

II II

‘-25.4 +25.4

i +”iEt1 +

7 254 L

488

SHOT

1798:

NitroguanMine

Turning a 90° Corner

Date: May 24, 1977 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 169.78 ,KS An X0228 (95/5 wtYo nitroguanidine/Estane at 1.70 g/ems) detonation wave was initiated by 2,5.4 mm of PBX-9501 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shot 1799.

490

SHOT 1799:

Nitioguanidine Turning a 900 Comer May 26, 1977

Date: Richard D. Dick Experimenter: 42.28 ps Radiographic Time: An X0228 (95/5 wt% nitroguanidine/Estane at 1.70 g/cm8) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of’ PBX-9501 and a P-081 lena turning a 90° comer. See also Shot 1798.

SHOT 1816: Date:

Oblique Shock in Lead September 14, 1977 Experimenter: Timothy R. Neal Radiographic Time: 33.74 ,@ An oblique shock in lead was driven by 101,6 mm of’13aratol initiated by a P-W lens. An alignment mirror is shown in the background.

~

101.6

I

T q s

—B

10.0

T- “,/ BARATOL

A

P 040

DET

494

BEAM AXIS 8.011111 [It,c% LEAD

SHOT 1824: Date:

Taylor Instability in Aluminum May 4, 1978

Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference:

Roger K. London 34.90 ,uS Barnes et al., 1974

A 2.64-mm-thick plate of 1100 aluminum with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves 0.1016 mm deep and a wavelength of 2.54 mm was driven by detonation products from 38.1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25.4 mm in a vacuum for 7.9 I.LS.The obsemed amplitude of the wave was 0.21 mm. See also Shot 1353.

—————

———.

———— -———

—

——

-r Pax .Q404 I

2.04. mm-lhick ALUMINUM

T v. : L

Y AXIS

496

SHOT Date:

Taylor Instability in Aluminum May 10, 1978

1825:

Roger K. London Experimenter: 34.90 ps Radiographic Time: Barnes et al., 1974 Reference: A 2.64-mm-thick plate of 1100 aluminum with uniform sinusoidal surface grooves 0.1016 mm deep and a wavelength of 5.08 mm wa.e driven by detonation products from 38,1 mm of PBX-9404 initiated by a P-081 lens. The detonation products expanded 25.4 mm in a vacuum for 6.9 As. The obsemed amplitude of the wave was 0.19 mm. Shots 1824 arid 1825 show that the growth of the instability is independent of wavelength and dependent upon the initial amplitude or depth of the groove. The existence of a critical initial amplitude or depth of groove is demonstrated, independent of wavelength, below which the perturbed surface is stable under acceleration.

___—

—.

————

[ : :

o

————— —————

-f PBX-EM04 1

2.64 lmm thick H ALUMINUM AXIS

498

1

SHOT 1832: Date:

Oblique Shocks in Composite Systems May 4, 1978

Experimenter: David C. Moir Radiographic Time: 75.2 ps Two blocks consisting of an aluminum and polyethylene wedge were obliquely shocked by 177.8 of Baratol initiated by a P-040 lens. Three-mm-thick stainless steel plates were on the bottom of the composite blocks to determine the resulting plate deformation.

_

76.2

~

50.8

~

101.6

50.B +3B,1

~

-.19-

3B.1+

DET 3

P 040

~ G

BAHAT(JL t .

u z 5 : ~ z .

3.o nm tn,ck STEEL PLATES

BkAM AXIS / +

.2 , I t

WOOD STANO

500

SHOT 1845:

Oblique

Date:

June 8, 1978

Shocks

in Composite

Systems

Experimenter:

David C. Moir Radiographic Time: 8:3.9 #s Two 1.58-mm-thick stainle= steel plates were at a 45° angle from 203.2 mm of’ Barato] with wedges of aluminum and polyethylene located between the steel plates and the Baratol block. The 13aratol was initiated by a P-04.(I lens, and it obliquely shocked the composite system. The objective of’ the experiment was to study the resulting plate deformation.

~ , (0

3

i +57.15

+190

T190+m

E+19.0t190

P 040

BAHAToL

BEAM AXIS \

WOOD STAh D

502

*254+31.754

TATB with an Embedded Uranium Plate SHOT 1855: Date: June 13, 1978 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 33.0 @s A 50.8-mm-wide block of PBX-9502 (95/5 wtYo TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) was initiated by 12.7 mm of’ Composition B-3 and a P-040 lens. — ‘ ‘” 1‘he Uetonatlon wave lnteracted with an embedded 3.175-mm-thick uranium plate, and it obliquely shocked a 6.O-mm-thick steel plate and a 6.O-mm-thick aluminum plate.

,-. D

T w .. ‘ 6 --. 1

+

50.e +

62,:,,,, [1),.k 4LUMINIJM \

/;;:di::l>lc,

P

B u &-

5

z

6,0 m#n ltl, ck STEEL

1

Pt3x

12.7 T

504

COMP

9502

B–3

BEAM AXIS

Surface Perturbations on a Shocked Steel Plate

SHOT 1891:

October 11, 1978 Experimenter: David C. hloir 53.0 @ Radiographic Time: A ;3.18-mm-thick stainless steel plate was obliquely driven by a P13X-9404 detona~ion. On top of the plate were metal strips of’ various shock impedance and rec-

Date:

tangular grooves of’ various depths. The effect of the surface perturbations showed that the grooves resulted in increased plate velocity, and the metal strips decreased the plate velocity and resulted in plate fracture. The end of the plate with the ().381-mm-deep groove traveled 125 mm, and the end with the nickel foil traveled 152 mm.

0.381 01111Ih#ck STEEL ~

0.457 !))(~) I. ck INICKEL

f

\

-r

!;~“

w

z 1

l’[~[

u,45J 11,11, (reck cOPPER

0.127m~n

0.457 :nm [nick BRASS

\

GROOVE

m

PBX .9404

z *

‘

T~ :

1

+

506

0.38 I m,,, GROOVE

b

T I \ \ L’NE GE I\ EflATOR

0.254 ,),,7, GROOVE

\ 6.35 mmlhlck STEEL

STEEL

SHOT 1892:

Surface Perturbations on a Shocked Steel Plate February 27, 1979

Date: Experimenter:

David C. .Moir 74.2 #s

Radiographic Time: A 3. Ill-mm-thick stainless steel plate was obliquely driven by a P13X-9501 detonation. The plate surface had triangular and rectangulm grooves of’ various sizes. One rectangular g-move was filled with aluminum. All of’ the grooves resulted in fracture of the plate except the aluminum-filled groove,

L25.4+25,4+254

+25.4+-254

T

IIlyll ‘/ r . /,/ /\, I

Iq

5 T

ALUMINUM

\

‘“

/’

o.ti””~

lx+’

+.OIE+

l_Qo +,,5S

~

+

t-1.55

+

+2.032+

T 3.18,1,111

STEEL

+--8~A~ AXIS

w

[twk PLATE

2

I

1

t m 0

Pt!x

9501

.

L

i

[ LINE GE NEqATOt7

508

‘-T l-l g

J 635 mm th!ck STEEL

STEEL

SHOT 1914:

Desensitization of TATB April 4, 1979

Date:

by Preshocking

Experimenter: Richard D. Dick 89.0 ,uS Radiographic Time: Mader and Dick, 1979 Reference: PBX-9502 (95/5 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) was shocked by a 6.35-mm-thick steel plate going 0,46 mm/~s and was initiated by 25.4 mm of TNT and a P-MO lens after a delay of 68.2 us. The resulting detonation preshocked explosive. See also Shot 1696.

failed to propagate

-f

1II

LINE GENERATOR

BEAM AXIS

+ ix ● L 25.01

TATB

T

: $~ 25,4

c I

TNT

P -C40

510

DE”r

in the

SHOT Date:

1936:

TATB Turning a 90° Comer

June 18, 1975 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 44.0’6 ps Reference: Mader, 1979 An X0219 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g/cm3) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of’ PBX-9404 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° corner. See also Shots 1940 and 1942. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot.

/“”~

II

/’

L

II II II l’- ‘, .. . II II II II

I

F254~25.4~-38.l

-

tl’i

+-----’

!l-

)(0219

BEAM AXIS ~

.?

d. c1 3 . z

7

POx– 9404

25.4 ~

f I P–OB1

—DET

512

SHOT 1937:

TATB Turning a 90° Comer

Date: Experimenter:

June 18, 1975

Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 43.80 #s A PBX-9,502 (95/5 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.895 g/cm3) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-94-04 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1705, 1941, and 1943. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the

shot .

II II ,-,II f .-,’

I

II 11 II II II

Fm

514

L

SHOT 1938: Colliding TATB Diverging Detonations Date: June 19, 1975 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 65.50 ~ Two diverging X0219 (90/10 w70 TATE1/Kel-F at 1,914 glcmg) detonations formed by simultaneously initiating the two ends of an X0219 arc of 89,0-mm inner radius and 114.0- mm outer radius were radiographed while the detonations were colliding. See also Shot 1703. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot .

\

/

‘/

T

II

\ -. :..t \

228

12.0 T

516

1

‘, \

/f

-i

S140T

1939:

Colliding TATB Diverging Detonations Date: June 19, 1975 Experimenter: Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 64.99 &% Two diverging PBX-95W (95/5 wt % TATB/Kel-F at 1.894 g/cm3) detonations formed by initiating the two ends of a PBX-9502 arc oi’ 89.O-mm inner radius al~d 114.O-mm outer radius were radiographed while the detonations were colliding. See also Shot 1704. A step wedge used for density calibration is shown on top of the shot.

\

/

‘\ ..

-r

/

\

/’

‘, \ 228

J 4

I

I

518

SHOT 1940: l-late:

TATB Turning a 90° Corner

June 24, 1975 Richard D. Dick 46.12 #s Mader, 1979 An X0219 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel -F at 1,914 g/ems) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1936 Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference:

and 1942.

II II II ,-II / ‘# --II II II II

I

II

- 25.4-25.4*

3B.1 -

x0219 ;Ex~y -307 . 1ZI 3 .

r

-k PBX

*

P -ml

520

I

SHOT 1941:

T’ATB Turning a 90° Corner

.June 24, 1975 Richard D. Dick 41.08 * A PBX-9W2 (95/5 wt.% TAT13/Kel-F at 1.895 g/cm3) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-94U4 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1705, 1937, and 1941. Date:

Experimenter: Radiographic Time:

II II II II /,-. ._.’ II

I

I

I II II

.25

4.j-25.4~

-38.1

~

& :;

PBX -9502

:) * ‘\ BEAM AXIS : G

: !3

PBx–

b 25.4 L.

P–081

522

SHOT

1942:

Date: Experimenter: Radiographic Time: Reference:

TATB Turning a 90° Comer July 2, 1975 Richard D. Dick 45.12 #s

Mader, 1979 An XW 19 (90/10 wt% TATB/Kel-F at 1.914 g-/cm3) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of PBX-9404 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1936 and 1940.

I T

25.4

524

SHOT 1943:

TATB

Turning

a 90° Corner

Date: Experimenter:

July 2, 1975 Richard D. Dick Radiographic Time: 44.57 #a A P13X-9502 (95/5 wt% TAT13/Kel-F at 1.895 g/cm’) detonation wave was initiated by 25.4 mm of P13X-9404 and a P-081 lens turning a 90° comer. See also Shots 1705, 1937, and 1941.

II II

II II I

,-.

I

._,’

II I

I II II

(

.~ u 3 .

+ r

526

I

1

x– In- .JJ4

-?25.4 ~