Lab Work 8 Final.docx

Lab Work 1 EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY Table 1. Variations in Fruits SCIENTIFIC NAME

Vigna sesquipedalis (Yard long bean) Psidium guajava (Guava) Fragaria vesca ( Strawberry ) Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) Citrus microcarpa (Kalamansi) Mangifera indica (Mango) Pyrus malus (Apple) Ricinus communis (Castor bean) Tithonia diversifolia ( Mexican sunflower) Oryza sativa (Rice) Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Dolichos lablab ( Hyacinth bean) Anona squamosa (Atis) Ananas comosus (Pineapple) Cucurbita moschata (Squash) Citrus grandis

DEHISCENT/ INDEHISCENT

DRY/FLESHY

SPECIFIC TYPE OF FRUITS

TYPE OF PLACENTATION

EDIBLE PART

Dehiscent

Dry

Legume

Marginal

Whole fruit

-------

Fleshy

Berry

Axile

Whole fruit

-------

Fleshy

Berry

Basal

Whole fruit

-------

Fleshy

Pepo

Parietal

-------

Fleshy

Hesperidium

Superficial

-------

Fleshy

Drupe

Basal

Mesocarp

-------

Fleshy

Berry

Axile

All parts except seeds

Dehiscent

Dry

Capsule

Basal

None

Indehiscent

Dry

Achene

Basal

Seeds

Indehiscent

Dry

Grain

Basal

Seeds

-------

Fleshy

Drupe

Basal

Endocarp

Dehiscent

Dry

Legume

Marginal

All parts

-------

Fleshy

Aggregate

Basal

-------

Fleshy

Multiple

Axile

-------

Fleshy

Pepo

Parietal

Mesocarp

-------

Fleshy

Hesperidium

Axile

Endocarp

All parts except the exocarp All parts except the exocarp

Mesocarp and endocarp All parts except exocarp

(Pomelo) Spondias purpurea (Sinigwelas) Hibiscus esculentus (Okra ) Bixa orellana ( Achiote) Cosmos Zea mays(Corn) Lycopersicon escullentum (Tomato)

-------

Fleshy

Berry

Basal

All parts except the seed

Dehiscent

Dry

Capsule

Axile

Whole fruit

Dehiscent

Dry

Multiple

Free-basal

Seeds

Dehiscent

Dry

Achene

Basal

None

Indehiscent

Dry

Caryopsis

Basal

Kernels

-------

Fleshy

Berry

Axile

Whole fruit

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. In some of the fruits, the fruits are persistent even up to maturity. Identify these parts. Consider Psidium guajava and Oryza sativa. What are the structures attached at the upper part of the two fruits? The parts that are persistent even up to maturity are the pericarp which can become hard or fleshy and may completely or incompletely contain distinguishable or fused exocarp , mesocarp or endocarp and a mature fruit also contains a persistent seed. In guava fruit, it contains a crown –like structure which is considered as the remains of the persistent sepals (calyx lobe) . For the Oryza sativa, there is a visible spikelet. (Fruits, n.d.). 2. Is there an advantage of dry fruits over fleshy fruits? Give reasons. According to Fruits (n.d.), a fleshy fruit has a soft and pulpy pericarp at maturity and its endocarp hardens during this period whereas a dry fruit contains a hard and dry pericarp. Fleshy fruits are mostly adapted to animal dispersal which makes a dry fruit more advantageous since it has more ways of dispersal such as expulsion, wind and some gets attached to fur or feather of animals.

3. Are there differences in morphology between monocot and dicot fruits? Tabulate these differences (if any).

Monocots Generally, have large, fleshy seeds.

Fruits or seedpods are generally comprised of three parts.

Dicots Possesses variety when it comes to size and shape of fruits / seedpods /seeds

They have greater number of seeds per seedpod as compared to monocots.

Monocot vs. Dicot. (n.d.)

4. Are there differences in monocot and dicot seeds? Tabulate the differences (if any). Monocots Monocots generally have large, fleshy seeds. Fruits or seedpods are generally comprised of three parts. Monocots have only one seed leaf inside the seed coat in the form of a thin leaf, because the endosperm to feed the new plant is not inside the seed leaf.

Dicots Dicots posses’ variety when it comes to size and shape of fruits , seedpods or seeds. Generally they have greater number of seeds per seedpod as compared to monocots. Dicots have two seed leaves inside the seed coat which are usually rounded and fat, because they contain the endosperm to feed the embryo plant. Monocot vs. Dicot. (n.d.)

REFERENCES Fruits. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2019, from http://www.britannica.com/science/fruit-plant reproductive-body Monocot vs. Dicot. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2019, from http://theseedsite.co.uk/monocots2.html