Lab Work 7.docx

Lab Work 1 EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY Table 1. Variations in flowers and floral parts SCIENTIFIC NAME

Gladiolus sp. (Sword lily) Clivia miniata (Bush lily) Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Tithonia diversifolia ( Marigold ) Phaseolus vulgaris (Sitaw) Pisum sativum (Pea) Anthurium andraeanum Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Gumamela) Zantedeschia aethiopica ( Arum-lily ) Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia) Rosa sp. (Rose) Paspalum (Crown grass) Cattleya Hydrangea macrophylla (Big leaf hydrangea) Callistemon citrinus (Crimson bottlebrush) Daucus carota (Carrot) Althea rosa (Hollyhock) Gerbera jamesonii

REGULAR/ IRREGULAR

COMPLETE/ INCOMPLETE

CALYX

COROLLA

STAMEN

PISTIL

Irregular

Incomplete

Tubular

Lip

Present

Absent

Regular

Complete

Distinct

Funnel form

Present

Present

Irregular

Incomplete

Distinct

Apetalous

Present

Absent

Regular

Complete

Tubular

Polypetalous

Present

Present

Irregular

Incomplete

Tubular

Papilionaceous

Absent

Present

Irregular

Incomplete

Distinct

Papilionaceous

Present

Absent

Irregular

Incomplete

Polysepalo us

Apetalous

Present

Absent

Regular

Complete

Distinct

Salvershape

Present

Present

Irregular

Incomplete

Tubular

Apetalous

Present

Absent

Irregular

Incomplete

Polysepalo us

Apetalous

Absent

Present

Regular

Complete

Distinct

Campanulate

Present

Present

Irregular

Incomplete

Pappus

Apetalous

Absent

Absent

Irregular

Incomplete

Tubular

Lip

Absent

Absent

Regular

Incomplete

Polysepalo us

Gamopetalous

Present

Absent

Irregular

Incomplete

Pappus

Bilabiate

Present

Absent

Irregular

Incomplete

Distinct

Apetalous

Present

Absent

Irregular

Incomplete

Scabrous

Campanulate

Absent

Present

Regular

Complete

Polysepalo us

Polypetalous

Present

Present

(Daisy) sub for Dahlia Tridax procumbens (Coatbuttons or Tridax daisy ) Cosmos caudatus (Cosmos)

Regular

Complete

Polysepalo us

Polypetalous

Present

Present

Regular

Complete

Distinct

Gamopetalous

Present

Present

Table 2. Types of inflorescence

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Gladiolus sp. (Sword lily) Clivia miniata (Bush lily) Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Tithonia diversifolia ( Marigold ) Phaseolus vulgaris (Sitaw) Pisum sativum (Pea) Anthurium andraeanum Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Gumamela) Zantedeschia aethiopica (Arum lily) Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia) Rosa sp. (Rose) Paspalum (Crown grass) Cattleya orchids Hydrangea macrophylla (Big leaf hydrangea) Callistemon citrinus (Crimson bottlebrush) Daucus carota (Carrot) Althea rosa

TYPE OF INFLORESCENCE

VARIATION ACCORDING TO LOCATION

VARIATION ACCORDING TO THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWERS

Indeterminate

Axillary

Spike

Determinate

Fascicle

Umbel

Determinate

Terminal

Cymose

Indeterminate

Fascicle

Head

Indeterminate

Fascicle

Raceme

Determinate

Terminal

Solitary terminal

Determinate

Radical

Spadix

Determinate

Extra-axillary

Solitary axillary

Indeterminate

Radical

Spadix

Determinate

Terminal

Cyathium

Determinate

Terminal

Solitary terminal

Indeterminate

Spike

Indeterminate

Terminal

Racene

Indeterminate

Terminal

Corymb

Determinate

Extra- axillary

Raceme

Indeterminate

Fascicle

Compound umbel

Determinate

Terminal

Cyme

(Hollyhock) Gerbera jamesonii (Daisy) sub for Daisy Tridax procumbens (Coatbuttons or Tridax daisy ) Cosmos caudatus (Cosmos)

Indeterminate

Terminal

Head

Determinate

Terminal

Single

Indeterminate

Terminal

Head

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. Why do flowers develop into clusters? Is there any taxonomic significance? Souer, E.et al, (1998, February 15) defines an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. It is also the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. Inflorescence in some flowers are brought about by the shift from the vegetative to reproductive phase of a flower involving the development of an inflorescence meristem that generates floral meristems. This depends on which meristems become flowers and which become shoots. 2. What advantage(s) if any, do flower clusters have over that of single flowers? Flowers in clusters or termed as inflorescences are complex structures with many functions which makes it advantageous than that of a single flower. It helps in the transfer of pollen and optimization of the plant's reproductive success. During flower and fruit development they provide nutrients to the developing flowers and fruits. At fruit maturity they support the fruits prior to dispersal, and facilitate effective fruit and seed dispersal. From a structural point of view, inflorescences have played important roles in systematic and phylogenetic studies. As functional units they facilitate reproduction, and are largely shaped by natural selection. (Kirchoff, B. K., & ClaßenBockhoff, R.,2013)

3. Why do you think Linnaeus considered flower as the most reliable basis of plant identification? Linnaeus considered the flower as the most reliable basis of plant identification since it has great variation which can be described in a systematic way to identify and distinguish species. Other parts of a plant, specifically the vegetative aspect may have alterations due to climatic conditions, geographical location, and various biotic and abiotic stresses. In these cases, the floral parts or the floral formula can play a very important role in the correct identification of the species.

REFERENCES Kirchoff, B. K., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2013). Inflorescences: concepts, function, development and evolution. Annals of botany, 112(8), 1471-6.

Souer, E.et al, (1998, February 15). Genetic control of branching pattern and floral identity during Petunia inflorescence development. Retrieved February 27, 2019, from http://dev.biologists.org/content/125/4/733