vlŒtcGifhta&; wdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;
KARENNEWSLETTER etz v$waf y;vdu k w f hJ tusO;f om;awGxu J EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk vGw+f idr;f oufomcGiehf @J v$waf y;wm r[kwfbl;æ pmrsufESm (4)
Volume(13) Issue(10) October, 2009
atmufwb kd mv// 2009 ckEpS f
'DyGJrSm vltawmfrsm;rsm;u pdwaf &mud, k yf g wufwufºuGºuG vma&mufy;l aygif;vkyaf qmif=uwm udkjrifawmh tifrwefrS 0rf;omrdygw,fæ pmrsufESm (11)
a&m*gul;pufr_ tajctaeu t&Sdefrav#mhao;bl;? tckjzpfymG ;aewke;f yJæ pmrsufESm (10)
tk;d tdrx f yfrp H e G @f cGmol u&if&mG om; 250ausmf &dumQ tcuftcJjzpfae
'DaubDat wyfcr JG LS ;wOD;ESihf taygif;yg(10)OD; autJe, f E l i S hf vma&mufy;l aygif;
rsm; aexkdif&m a'otwGif;okd@ uwa=umif;a=umifh tck pm;p&m rsm; &ifqkdifcJh&onf? xkd@tjyif atmufwkdbmv 20&uf? atmufwkdbm(6)&ufae@u &Gm tcuftcJ tawmfav;ukd óuHae etzwyfu ,cifESpfrsm;xuf eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD) u&ifjynfe,fajrmuf vkH;u|wf xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvm &w,f” [k tqkdyg e,fcHu au wyftiftm; ykdrkdcsxm;vmum tkdifpDukd ajymonf? ykdif;&Sd zmyGefa'owGif ,ckvqef; jcif;jzpfonf? ppfa&;ykrd v dk y_ &f mS ;vmonfEiS t hf r# xkd@tjyif ‚if;u “tck ajymif;a&$@aexkdif&onfh &Gmol&Gm xkdokd@ xGufajy;vm&m ykdif;u tkd;tdrfrsm;ukd pGef@cGm+yD; awmxJokd@ xGufajy;ykef;a&Smifae wGif pm;p&mrsm;/ qefpyg;rsm;ukd v_y&f mS ;aewJh 'DaubDatwyfawG om;ta&twGufrSm ykdrkdrsm;jym; H aHk vmufavmuf ro,f,El idk f u &Gmol&Gmom;awGukd trsKd;rsKd; vm+yD; pm;eyf&duQm rvkHavmuf =u&onf h &G m ol & G m om; 250 vkv ausmrf mS vuf&t dS csed w f iG f 0rf;a&; onfhtwGuf vuf&SdtcsdefwGif +cd r f ; ajcmuf + yD ; awmh ck d i f ; w,f ? onfh jy\emrSm wESpfxufw twGuf &duQmtcuftcJrsm; jzpf pm;okH;&ef tcuftcJrsm; óuHvm olwkd@tvkyfawG tukefvkH;ukd &Gm ESpf qkd;&Gm;vm&jcif;jzpfonf? vm&onf[k xkda'orSvmonfh &jcif;jzpfonf[k zmyGefa'ocHw om;awG oGm;vkyfay;&w,f? 'gh ,ck 2009ckESpfwGif e tjyif &GmawG&JŒ ab;ywf0ef;usif tzwyfrsm;tjyif 'DaubDat OD;u ajymonf? owif;t& od&onf? “'D a ubD a tawG u awGrSm rkdif;awG axmifxm;=u wyfrsm;yg tqkyd ga'otwGi;f 0if tqkdyg &Gmol&Gmom; rsm;onf bl ; ok d ò rd @ e,f / r,f r G J tck v_yf&Sm;aewkef;yJ? usaemf od w,f? tJ'ga=umifh &GmrSmrae&J=u a&mufvy_ &f mS ;vmcJ&h m a'ocH &Gm aus;e,f&Sd cv,fhqDhckd/ a[mol;yl &oavmuf &Gmu xGuf+yD;awmh awmhvkd@ xGufvmwmjzpfw,f” ol&Gmom;rsm;ukd ESdyfpuf!Sif;yrf; ESifh v,fhcavmhaus;&Gmrsm;rS &Gm awmxJa&mufvmwJh &Gmom;awG [k qufvufajymqkdoGm;onf? owf y pf o nf t xd vk y f a qmif zmyGefc±kdifwGif 1997 vmcJhojzifh vuf&SdtcsdefwGif zm ol&Gmom;rsm;jzpf=u+yD; xkda'o&Sd tm;vkH; (256)a,muf &Sdw,f? v_ y f & S m ;aeonf h 'D a ubD a t tdrfajcu (38)vkH;ayghaemf? olwkd@ ckESpfu etzwyfrsm; 0ifa&muf yGefc±kdif bl;okdESifh vlaomòrd@e,f f muwnf;u pm;p&m qef v_yf&Sm;pOfuwnf;u a'ocHvl wGif xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifae&onfh (666)wyfz@JG / uaqm0g;wyf&if;ESihf xGuv vkHòcHa&;wyf&if;rS armifcspf/ wif pyg;awG tvkH;tavmuf ro,f xktrsm;tjym; tkd;tdrfrJhtjzpf jynf w G i f ; u&if ' k u Q o nf a ygif ; 0if;ESifhtzGJ@om;rsm;. trsKd;rsKd; Ekdifbl;av? &GmrSm jyef,lpm;zkd@u a&$Œajymif;aexkdifum vkyfukdifpm; 7˜000ausmf &Sdonf[k od&onf? aom +cdr;f ajcmufcidk ;f apjcif;rsm;ukd vnf; r&Jwmuwa=umif;/ 'Dau aomuf & onf h t wG u f pm;eyf Ô rcHEidk I f awmxJ&dS &Gmyke;f &Gma&Smif bDatawG ,lpm;+yD; ukefoGm;wm &duQm ravmufiSonfh jy\em awmawmifxJwGif &duQmrsm; cufcufcJcJ ±kef;uefo,faqmifae=uonfh zmyGefa'ocHwcsKd@
atmufwkdbm 14&uf? eef;xl;pH (autkid pf )D wkd;wufaom Ak'
Photo-KIC
Karen Information Center rS xkwa f 0jzefc‹ so d nf?
onfhtwGuf ,ckvkd autJef,l ESifh jyefvmvufwGJyl;aygif;jcif;jzpf onf[k 'kAv dk af pmnmhu autdik f pDukd ,ae@ ajymqkdoGm;onf? olu “vGefcJhwJh 8v ykdif; (16)&ufae@u 'DaubDat txufacgif;aqmifawGESifh etz acgif ; aqmif a wG tpnf ; ta0; vkyfw,f? tJ'D tpnf;ta0;rSm 'DaubDatu ppfom;tiftm; jznfhr,f? 'DaEGa&mufvm&if au tJef,lawGukd tukefvkH; &Sif;xkwf r,f? etzawGu tJ'DtwGuf yHhykd;ulnDr,fvkd@ usaemfwdk@od& w,f? usaemfwdk@uvnf; u&if tcsif;csif; rwkdufcsifbl;av? 'g a=umifh usaemfwdk@ xGufvmwm jzpfw,f”[k ajymonf? autJef,l e,fajrt wGif; a&muf&Sdvmonfh tqkdyg tzG J @ onf ,cif u autJ e f t,f v f a t wyf & if ; (101)wG i f tr_xrf; a[mif;rsm;jzpf+yD; vGefcJh onfh 2007 ckESpfu 'DaubDat wyfzGJ@rS ‚if;wdk@wyfzGJ@tm; xkd;ppf qifvmpOf t=uyfuidk f zdtm;ay;r_ trsK;d rsK;d ESihf &ifqidk cf &hJ um rvGo J m ra&Smifom 'DaubDatESifh oGm; a&mufyl;aygif;cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k Akdvf}uD;apmqmhazm ajymonf? 'DaubDattwGif;okd@ yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif&onfh ESpft awmtwGif; jynfolvlxktay: ‚if;wd@k . ppfom;opfpak qmif;jcif;/ vkyftm;ckdif;apjcif;/ aiGaumufcH jcif;tjyif txuft&m&Sdrsm;rS atmufajcomref&Jabmftay: zd tm;ay;ckdif;pm;jcif;rsm;udk pdwfr aumif ; jzpf r d o nf [ k apmqmh azmu ol. wyfwGif;tawG@t óuHrsm;tm; autkdifpDukd zGifh[ pmrsufESm (3)odk@æ
&ifqi kd w f u kd y f aJG =umifh 'DaubDat 4OD; aoqk;H
t,f'w D mhtmabmf
±H_;aomEdkifjcif;eJ‹ atmifyGJ0if=uygpdk‹ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJu eD;vmavav jynfwGif;jynfyu jrefrmawG =um;rSmvnf; a0cGJr& jzpfvmavavyg? +yD;cJhonfhESpf arvu vlxkqEN rygbJ twnfðyxm;onfh zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh ðyvkyfrnhf etz. a&G;aumufyGJrSm tckcsdefxd Oya'yif xkwfjyefjcif;r&Sdao;? typf&yftzGJ@ rsm;udk e,fjcm;apmifhwyf/ jynfol@ppfwyf zGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf wGef;tm;ay; r_rsm;tay: vufcHr_/ rcHr_rsm;ESifh a&m¹yGrf;±_wfaxG;aeqJyif &Sdao;onf? tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh jrefrmhta&; pdwf0ifpm;aom urBmhtiftm;}uD; EkdifiHrsm;uvnf; csnf;uyfr_trsKd;rsKd;ESifh tajctaeudk apmifh=unfhae =uonf? ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmfwGif etz ppftkyfpkESifh jyefvnftypf&yfcJh=u onfh wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@(17)zGJ@xJwGifyif etz. e,fjcm;apmifh wyf ajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;a&;udk jywfom;pGm qef@usifolrsm;/ vHk;0 vufcHvdkuf=u olrsm;ESifh r,kwfrvGef oabmxm;&Sd=uolrsm;jzifh rwifrusav; jzpfI aeonf? etz AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhudk,fwdkif typf&yftzGJ@rsm;xH oGm;a&muf awG@qHkI e,fjcm;apmihfwyftjzpf toGifajymif;a&;udpPudk twif;zdtm; ay;xm;+yD; ‚if;wdk@. tqdkðycsufudk atmufwdkbmvukefY ta=umif;jyef =u&ef typf&yftzGJ@rsm;tm; aemufqHk;ae@&uf owfrSwfay;xm;cJhonf? xdkae@&uf ra&mufrDpyf=um; udk;uef@/ 0/ ucsif ponfh typf&yftzJG@ rsm;udkvnf; tzefzef zdtm;ay;r_rsm; ðyvkyfvmcJhonf? etzonf ‚if; wdk@vufatmuf wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@rsm;udk 0yfpif;oufa&mufap+yD; ay;o r#,l/ au|;or#pm;/ cdkif;or#vkyf yHkpHcGufrsKd;0ifatmif e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ@ 0ifrsm;udk yHrk eS v f pmay;rnf? rw&m; twnfðyxm;onfh zG@J pnf;yHt k wdik ;f tiftm; 300ausmf&Sd wyf&if;w&if;v#if &mxl;tqifhvdkuf etz wyfzGJ@ 0if 30OD; yg&Sd&rnf? e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ@. tjrifhqHk;&mxl;udk AdkvfrSL;t qifhxdom xm;&Sdrnf? touf 50ausmf typf&yftzJG@0ifrsm;tm; yifpif t+idrf;pm;ay;rnf? ponfjzifh rdrdwdk@a&;qGJjyXmef;+yD;om; zGJ@pnf;yHktajccH Oya'ESifhyif t&yfom;tpdk;&w&yfudk [efjyazmfaqmifrnfh tm%m&Sif pepf oufqdk;&Snfa&; 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudkom rjzpfrae pdkif;jyif; pDpOf v#uf&Sdonf? odk@aomf jrefrmjynfolvlxkrSm ‚if;wdk@ðyvkyfrnfha&G;aumufyGJudk t rSefwu,f em;rvnf=u? od&Sdem;vnfatmifvnf; twdtvif; &Sif;jy ajymqdkjcif; ‚if;wdk@wGif tvsif;r&Sd? em;vnfaeonfh EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;ol rsm;udv k nf; axmifcszrf;qD;jzifh Ekid if aH &;wGif vlxu k kd yg0ifvmr_r&Sad tmif enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh zdESdyfxm;=uonf? EdkifiHwEdkifiH ta&;wGif ta&;ygqHk;jzpf onfh vlxk. yg0ifr_r&Sdygu ‚if;EdkifiH. wnf+idrfat;csrf;r_/ zGH@òzd;wdk;wufr_ wdk@rSm rnfodk@r#jzpfvmEdkifrnf r[kwfyg? vlwdkif;onf t&m&mudk taumif;qHk;om vdkcsifwyfrufv#uf&Sd=u aomfvnf; qef@usifbufjzpfvmrnfh tqdk;qHk;aom taetxm;udkrl &ifqdkif&ef toifhr&Sd=uonfu rsm;onf? xdk@twGufa=umifh EdkbJvf+idrf; csrf;a&;qk&Sif a':atmifqef;pk=unfu taumif;qHk;udk ar#mfvifh&if; t qdk;qHk;twGufyg jyifqifxm;=u&ef r=umao;cifuyif jrefrmjynfolrsm; udk owday; ajym=um;cJhonf? EdkifiHudk vufeuf"m;rdk; tkyfcsKyfaeonfh etz ppfwyfonf tay:,H tm;jzifh=unfhv#if vlxktay: tompD;Edkifaeovdkvdk xif&aomfvnf; ‚if;wdk@todkif;t0dkif;wGif; rnD!$wfr_rsm;/ tm%mvkr_rsm;/ zdESdyfcGJjcm; r_rsm;/ tajctae=unfu h m xºuGyek u f efvo kd rl sm;ESihf tpdwpf w d f tr$mr$m oabmxm;uGJvGJae=uonf? rsufarSmufumv EkdifiHa&;rsufESmpmY Edkifaeoa,mifESifh ±H_;edrfhaeonf? Tonfudk owdcsyfI jynfolvlxkw &yfvHk;ESifh ‚if;wdk@rS aygufzGm;vm=uonfh twdkuftcHygwDrsm;/ wdkif;&if; om;vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u t±H_;xJrS tEkdif&a&;twGuf wuf nDvufnDjzifh wdkufyGJqif/ atmifyGJ0if=uygpdk@[kom u&ifowif;pOfrS wyfvSef@Ed_;aqmfvdkuf&ayonf? Ô
u&ifowif;pOf wm0efct H ,f'w D m eef;azmha* vufaxmuft,f'w D m eef;xl;pH owif;axmufrsm; apmcg;pl;nm;/ apmode;f jrifh aemfjzLoif; tjyiftqif apmcg;pl;nm;
qufo, G &f ef
[email protected] P.O Box 22 Mae Sot, 63110 Tak, Province Thailand. www.kicnews.org
atmuf w k d b mv 15&uf ? apmod e f ; jrif h ( autk d i f p D ) u&ifjynfe,f/ zm;tH c±kdif/ ydkifusHKòrdŒe,f&Sd autJef,l wyfr[m (7)e,fajrwGif u&ift rsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfrawmf (autJet f ,fvaf t)ESihf wk;d wuf aomAk'
cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k autJeft,fvf at wyf&if;(22) 'kwyf&if;rSL; AkdvfrSL;apm'DhuG,fu ,ckvdk ajym onf? olu “rae@reuf (4) em&DrSm wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf}uD;armifvS odef;/ +idrf;atmif OD;pD;wJh 'DaubD at (999) wyfr[m vkòH cHa&;wyf zGJ@&,f/ csm;uv,f OD;pD;wJh (999) wyf&if;(4)u wyfzGJ@&,f[m us aemfwdk@bufu wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf}uD; aygvl OD;aqmifwJh wyf&if;(22) wyfzGJ@eJ@ yEG,fylrSm wkdufyJGjzpfcJh w,f? (999)wyfr[m vkHòcHa&; wyf z G J @ u (4)a,muf a ow,f ? usaemfwdk@bufuawmh óudapmifh +yD;ypfwJhtwGuf wa,mufrS rxd bl;”[k ajymonf? rd e pf ( 20)=um tjyef tvSef ypfcwfcJh=uonfh tqkdyg &ifqikd w f u dk yf w GJ iG f 'DaubDatwyf zGJ@rS tustqkH;rsm; &SdcJh=uaomf
vnf; ESpfzufwyfzGJ@rsm;u vuf eufcJ,rf; wpkHwckrS odrf;qnf;& rdjcif;r&Sd[k AkdvfrSL;apm'DhuG,fu ajymonf? xkdwkdufyJGjzpfyGm;cJh+yD; aemuf ‚if;'DaubDat yl;aygif; wyfzGJ@onf rJhvmtm;cD;/ rJhvm tm;xmh/ uay:av; ponfh aus; &Gmrsm;okd@ jyefvnf0ifa&mufvm +yD; &Gmom;rsm;. =uuf/ 0ufrsm; udk ydik &f iS rf sm;tm; wpkw H &m tod ay;ta=umif;=um; jcif;r&SdbJ t a=umif;rJh ypfowf,pl m;cJo h nf[k od&onf? ‚if ; wd k u f y J G j zpf y G m ;&m a'oonf +yD;cJhonhf ZGefvwkef; u etz ppfwyfESihf 'DaubDat wyfr[m oHk;ckyl;aygif;um au tJef,ludk xkd;ppfqifcJh&m e,fajr rsm;jzpf+yD; xkd;ppfa=umihf a'ocH u&ifjynfol 4˜000ausmf xkid ;f Ekid f iH/ wmhcfc±kdif/ xmhaqmif,ef;òrdŒ
e,fokd@ xGufajy;ckdv_HcJh=u&onf? wcsdefwnf;wGif ,ae@ reuf 8;10em&DESifh 10;30em&D tcsd e f w G i f 'D a ubD a t (999) wyf&if; (4)rS wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;onf rJv h mtm;xmhaus;&GmwGif ajrjr‡Kyf rkdif;rsm;udk vkdufvH&Sif;vif;&mrS ajrjr‡Kyfrkdif;jzifh ESpfOD;xyfrH xdckduf '%f&m&&Sdonf[k od&Sd&onf? autJef,l wyfr[m (7)e,fajrwGif atmufwkdbmv v,ftxd autJeft,fvfat ESifh 'DaubDatwdk@=um; ajymuf usm;wdkufyGJ 5}udrf/ &ifqkdifwkdufyJG 1}ud r f j zpf y G m ;cJ h & m 'D a ubD a t bufu 5OD;aoqkH;I 15OD;xdckduf '%f&m&+yD; autJe, f b l ufu xd ckdufaoqkH;r_ r&Sda=umif; autJef ,lwyfr[m (7)XmecsKyf. rSwf wrf;t& od&onf? Ô
'DaubDatwyfz@JG rS uav;ppfom;ESihf ay:wm(4)OD; xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmuf
Photo-KIC
'DaubDatwyfzGJ@rS xGufajy;v$wfajrmufvmonfh uav;ppfom;ESifh ay:wmav;OD; atmufwdkbmv 13&uf? apmodef;jrihf(autdkifpD) autJef,l wyfr[m (7)e,fajrwGif v_yf&Sm;aeaom wdk;wufaom Ak'
u&ifowif;pOf/
vkyfouf wESpfcGJ&Sd apmcsif;vHk 17ESpw f @kd jzpf=u+yD; ay:wmESpOf ;D rSm apmtausmf 17ESpEf iS hf apmtat; 20ESpfwdk@jzpf=uonf? 'D a ubD a twyf z G J @ xJ wG i f touf r jynf h a o;aom uav;ppfom;ESifh ay:wmrsm;udk i,foEl ydS pf ufpepfjzihv f nf;aumif;/ trsK;drsK;d +cdr;f ajcmufrr_ sm;jzihv f nf; aumif; tEdkifusifhr_rsm;&Sda=umif; xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufvmolrsm;u ajymonf? 'DaubDat wyfr[m (999) wyf&if;(5)wGif ppfom; vkyfcJh&ol apmcsifvHku “usaemf wdk@ oGm;ac:wkef;uawmh wESpf ausmfyJ 0ifvkyf&r,f? tckawmh usaemfwdk@udk woufvHk; 'DaubD atvkyfckdif;r,fvdk@ ajymw,f? acsmif;(aomif;&if;jrpf)udkul;&if ypfowfcGifh&Sdw,f? ntcsdef xGuf ajy;wmawG@&if ypfowf/ ae@v,f ydkif;rSmvnf; awG@&ifypfowf/ t rdef@vdk@ ajymw,f? xGufajy;vdk@
atmufwdkbmv/
2009 ckESpf?
yxrwcg jyefrd&if ±kduf+yD;awmh tjypfay;w,f? aemufwcg xGuf ajy;vdk@jyefrd&if owfypfwm us aemfrh supf ed @J wyftyfjrifc&hJ w,f” [k autdkifpDudk ,ae@ ajymqdk onf? olu qufvufI “wyf xJrmS qdk ud, k rhf suEf mS udk enf;enf; av;rSm raxmufawmhbJ acG;vdk 0ufvdk/ u|JvdkyJ ckdif;+yD;awmh pdwfr xif&if ±kdufw,f? pmempdwfvHk;0 r&Sdbl;? awmifwufcdkif;&ifvnf; vlopf/ vla[mif;rcGJbl;? twif; armif;w,f? usaemfw@kd vkd uav; awGqdk usif;wl;/ xrif;csuf wae ukef wcsufrS rem;&bl;? pm;p&m qdkvnf; bmrSr&Sdbl;? [kdtEG,f/ 'Dt!Ge@f vdu k &f mS +yD;awmh cl;pm;ae &w,f? om;ig;qdk ESpfv oHk;vrS wcgpm;&w,f ? usaemf awmf awmf pdwfukefoGm;w,f”[k qdk onf? ‚if ; wd k @ txJ w G i f t ouf 14ESpt f &G,&f dS apmzm;uvdk
pmrsufESm 2
'dkonf q,fESpfom;t&G,fuyif 'D a ubD a twyf z G J @ . ppf o m;pk aqmif;jcif;udkcH&+yD; r0ifEdkifygu ay;aqmif&ef usyfaiGESpfaomif; r&SdonfhtwGuf 'DaubDatppf wyfwGif 3ESpfausmfwdkifwdkif ppf om;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh& jcif;jzpfonh[ f k ,ckvkd ajymonf? apmzm;uvdku “us aemfwdk@ armifESr av;a,mufrSm usaemfu ti,fqHk;/ taru rk qd;k r/ nDtudEk pS af ,muf &Sad yr,hf tudku tdrfaxmifeJ@qdkawmh ppf om;vkyfzdk@ usaemfhudkyJ ac:w,f? r0ifEdkifwJholawGudk aiGESpfaomif; awmif;awmh taru ray;Edkifbl; av? 'ga=umifh 'DaubDat ppf om;jzpf v m&wm? wyf x J r S m vnf; usaemfhxuf i,fwJholawG awmif &Sdao;w,f”[k ajymjy onf? 'D a ubD a twyf o nf etz. 2008 ckESpf zGJ@pnf;yHkt ajccHOya't& wyf&if;w&if;v#if tif;tm; 326OD; owfrSwfxm; onfhtwGuf vsmxm;onfht wdkif; jynfhrD&ef ,ckvdk touf rjynfholrsm;udkyg vkdufvHaumuf cH pkaqmif;aejcif;jzpfonf? odk@aomf ‚if;wdk@wyfxJ wGif usef;rma&;csKd@wJholrsm;udk tenf ; tusOf ; om ðypk a pmif h a&S m uf o vd k txrf ; orm;ay: wmrsm;udk rxrf;Edkifygu uef ausmuf±kdufESufr_rsm; r=umc% óuHcJh&onf[k tqdkyg toufr jynfhao;onfh uav;ppfom;ESifh ay:wmrsm;u xkwfazmfajymqdkcJh onf? Ô
ig;axmifwefaiGpuULxGu& f +dS yD;aemufyi kd ;f zm;tHwi G f qefaps;wuf
etz ppftpd;k & topfxw k v f yk v f u kd o f nfh ig;axmifusyf aiGpuUL
atmufwdkbmv 9&uf? apmcg;pl;nm;(autdkifpD) jrefrmEdkifiH/ u&ifjynf e,f&dS zm;tHòrdŒwGif atmufwb kd m vqef;ydkif;rSpI jrefrmaiGpuUL usyf(5)axmifwef xGuf&Sdonfh aemufydkif; qefaps;rsm; ododom om jrSifhwufoGm;onf[k od& onf? ,cif u ay:qef ; ar$ ; qef wjynfv#if 950usyfrS ,ck (1100)usyf/ pD,mqef wjynf v#if (750)usyfrS ,ck (850)usyf ESifh qef=urf; wjynfv#if (500) usyfESifh ,ck(650)usyftxd aps; wufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? ,ckvdk qefaps; ±kwfw &uf wufvm&jcif;ESihf ywfoufI jynfolrsm;taejzihf pdk;&drfruif; jzpfvma=umif; zm;tHòrdŒcH wOD; jzpfol aemf0g;0g;u autdkifpDudk
,ckvdk ajymonf? olru “'Dqef aps;wufwmudk=unhf&if pdk;&drfr_ awG jzpfvmwmtrSefyJ? bmjzpf vd@k vq J akd wmh ydu k q f aH zmif;yGra_ wG jzpfvmEdkifw,fav? tckawmifrS pae+yD;vdk@awmif ajymvdk@&w,f” [k qdkonf? quf v uf I ol r u “tckvdk 5axmifwef xGufvm awmh aps;0,f&wm tcufcJt rsm;}uD;&Sdw,f? txl;ojzihf aps; 0,fwJhtcgrSm aiGjyeftrf;&rSm jy \emwuf w ,f ? tJ v d k j zpf & if ukefypPnf;awG 'Dxufydkaps;wuf rSmawmh aocsmw,f? tck wefz;kd yrm%enf;wJh wpf&mwef/ ESpf&m wefwdk@vdk ydkufqHawG topfxyf xkwfwmvnf; rawG@&bl;? &SdwJh [mqdk&ifvnf; a[mif;EGrf;wm awGyJ &dSawmhw,f? pD;yGm;a&;c|wf òcHaewJh jrefrmEdik if [ H m 'Dtwdik ;f qdk
&if pdk;&drfp&myJ”[k ajymonf? zm;tH ò rd Œ Y vuf & S d t csdefwGif =uufoGefjzL/ =uufoGefeD/ ig;/ ykZGef/ tmvl;/ ig;yd/ qD/ qm;/ tcsKdr_ef@ ponfhqefr[kwfaom tjcm;pm;oHk;ukefypPnf;rsm;onf qefaps;E_ef;uJhodk@ ododomom jr‡ifhwufr_rsm; r&Sdao;[k od& onf? jref r mppf t pd k ; &onf ,ck atmufwdkbm (1)&ufae@rSp I (5000)usyfwef aiGpuULt opfudk pwifxkwfa0oHk;pGJawmh rnfjzpfa=umif; jrefrmh±kyfjrifoH =um;-MTVowif;XmerS puf wifbmv 24&ufae@wGif tod ay;a=unmcJhaomfvnf; vuf&Sd oHk;pGJaeonfh aiGpuULESifh aiGom; rsm;rSm w&m;0ifoHk;pGJaiGtjzpf qufvufwnf&adS o;a=umif; jref rmEd k i f i H a &;awmf A[d k b %f u
owif;xkwfjyefvdkufonf? pufwifbmv 25&uf pGJxkwf a=u;rHkowif;pmwGif ae jynfawmf&Sd jrefrmEdkifiHawmf A[kd b%frS ig;axmifusyfwef aiG puULtrsKd;tpm;opfudk jynfol rsm;tm; 2009 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bm(1)&ufae@wGif b%fzGifhcsdeft wGif; A[kdb%faiGa=u;XmewGif vnf;aumif;/ b%frsm;ESihf tpd;k & aiGwdkufrsm;wGifvnf;aumif; p wif x k w f a 0ay;rnf [ k owif ; a=unmcsuf w G i f azmf j yxm; onf? 5»7 pif w D r D w mt &G,f&Sd tqdkygusyfig;axmifwef rSm teDa&mifay:vGif+yD; aiGpuULeH ygwfudk jrefrm/ t*FvdyfESpfbm omjzih f ±k d u f E S d y f x m;&m ta&S @ bufwGif qifjzLawmfyHkESifh ausm bufwiG f v$waf wmftaqmuft tHkyHkudk ±dkufESdyfxm;jcif;jzpf+yD; ‚if; aiGpuULopfxkwf a0&jcif;. &nf &G,fcsufta=umif;&if;udk etz tm%mydkifrsm;u wdwdususa&; om; azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sday? ig;axmifwefaiGpuUL opfudk xkwfa0rnf[k ppftpdk;& a=unmonfah e@wiG /f a&$/ aiGa=u; ESihf qefaps;uGufrsm;wGif aps;E_ef; rsm; rwnfr+idrfjzpfum ta&mif; t0,frsm; acwW&yfqdkif;cJh&onfh tajctaersKd;vnf; &SdcJh+yD; xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf aiGvJE_ef;udkyg ±kduf cwfr_rsm; &SdcJhonf?
xdi k ;f -jrefrm cspf=unfa&;wHwm;opf xyfrH wnfaqmufrnf atmufwdkbmv 12&uf? apmcg;pl;nm;(autdkifpD) xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd aomif ; &if ; jrpf u d k jzwf o ef ; I e,fpyfpD;yGm;a&; ukefoG,fr_ESifh c&D;oGm;vma&; ydrk w kd ;kd wuf vG,f ulap&ef &nf&G,fum aemufxyf xdkif;-jrefrmcspf=unfa&;wHwm; opf w ck u d k xyf r H w nf a qmuf oGm;&ef xdkif;tpdk;&u twnfðy vdkuf+yD[k od&onf? tqdkygcspf=unfa&; wH wm;udk e,fpyfòrdŒESpfòrdŒjzpfonfh u&ifjynfe,f/ jr0wDòrdŒESifh wmhcf c±kdif/ rJaqmufòrdŒwdk@wGif wnf aqmuf&ef xdkif;ul;oef;a&mif; 0,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme. tqdkðycsuf tm; tpd;k &v$waf wmfu atmuf wdkbmv (6)&ufae@wGif twnf ðyvdkufjcif;jzpfonf? rJaqmufòrdŒwGif txl; pD;yGm;a&; jzpfvmapa&;twGuf wH w m;opf w nf a qmuf a &;rS m bwfaiGoef;aygif; 400 tukeft uscHrnfjzpf+yD; wHwm;vrf;. t us,ft0ef;rSm {u 3˜200 cef@/
4 vrf ; oG m ;tus,f j zih f wnf aqmufoGm;rnf[k xdkif;ul;oef; a&mif;0,fa&;0ef}uD;XmerSm 'k0ef }uD;(Alongkorn Ponlaboot). ajymqdkcsufudk befaumufydk@pf owif;pmwGif azmfjyxm;onf? olu “'DwHwm;+yD;&if usaemfw@kd Eikd if &H ŒJ e,fpyfuek o f , G f a&;eJ@ &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_awGudk wdk;jr‡ifh oGm;rSm jzpfw,f? urBmw0Srf; pD; yGm;a&;usqif;aeayr,fh a'o wGif; ukefoG,fr_uawmh wdk;wuf vmr,fh tvm;tvm&Sdygw,f? usaemf pD;yGm;a&;ZHkopf zGifhvSpfwJh
tcg wESpfudk vuf&SdukefoG,fr_ bwfaiGoef;aygif; 2aomif;uae 4aomif;txd ESpq f &zd@k wGux f m; w,f? 'gawmif urBmvSnfhc&D; onfoGm;vkyfief;eJ@ tjcm;tcGef 0ifaiGawG rygao;bl;”[k ajymqdk oGm;cJhonf? +yD;cJhonfh 2008ckESpfY xdkif; jrefrme,fpyfukefoG,fa&;yrm% rSm jr0wDòrdŒbufjcrf;wGif bwfaiG oef;aygi;f 144˜000&S+d yD; rJaqmuf òrdŒbufjcrf;wGif bwfaiGoef;aygi;f 20˜000 &Sda=umif;od&onf? ,ck topf a qmuf
vkyfrnfh xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf cspf =unfa&;wHwm;udk xdkif;tpdk;&u jrefrmppftpdk;&. oabmwlnDr_ &&Sd&ef !SdEd_if;r_rsm; vkyfaqmif oGm;rnf[kvnf; od&onf? xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf wGif vuf&Sd rJaqmuf-jr0wDwH wm;/ rJq h ikd -f wmcsv D w d w f w H m; [l I pkpak ygi;f wHwm; 2ck wnf&x dS m; +yD; ,ckESpfpufwifbmvuvnf; xdkif;-jrefrmESpfEdkifiHyl;aygif;um rJha[mifaqmifjynfe,f/ armif; c±kdifwGif Nam Piang ,m,De,f pyf ppfa&;*dwfudk zGifhvSpfcJhonf?
Photo-KIC
vuf&Sd jr0wDESifh rJaqmuf cspf=unfa&;wHwm; jzpfonf? u&ifowif;pOf/ atmufwdkbmv/ 2009 ckESpf?
&yfuu G r f LS ;rsm; tdraf xmifpv k Ol ;D a&pm&if; vma&mufaumufccH hJ atmufwdkbmv 10&uf? aemfjzLoif; (autkid pf )D u&ifjynfe,f/ zm;tH òrdŒ&Sd &yfuu G rf sm;wGif ,cifvqef; ydkif;rSpI vlOD;a&pm&if;rsm;udk tdrfwdkif;aph vdkufvHaumuf,lcJh onf[k od&onf? oufqdkif&m &yfuGuf rSL;rsm;onf ‚if;wdk@&yfuGuf&Sd ae tdrfrsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufum tdrf axmifpkpm&if;wGif yg&Sdonfh tdrf om;rsm;. trnf/ toufESifh vlOD;a& ta&twGufwdk@udk ar; jref;a&;rSwo f mG ;a=umif; zm;tHòrdŒ/ trSwf(6)&yfuGufwGif aexdkifol wOD;u ajymjycJo h nf? odk@aomf ,if;odk@aumuf cH&onfh ta=umif;&if;udkrl &yf uGufrSL;rsm;u wdwdusus ajym qdkEkdifjcif;r&SdbJ txufrS n$ef =um;csufa=umifhomjzpfa=umif; &yfuGufom;rsm;udk jyefvnfajz =um;cJhonf[k trSwf(9)&yfuGuf rS trsKd;orD;wOD;u ,ckvdk ajym
onf? “usrwd k @ u ar;wm aygh? bmtwGuf aumufwmvJ vdk@? tJ'gudk &yfuGufrSL;u rod bl;? txufu aumufcikd ;f vd@k vm aumuf&wmvdk@yJ ajymw,f? w csKdŒtdrfawGu olwdk@om;orD;awG awmifay: (xdkif;EkdifiH)rSmoGm;+yD; tvkyfvkyf=uwm &Sdw,fav? 'g ayr,fh olwdk@u vlOD;a&pm&if; vmaumuf±HkoufoufyJ? tdrf om;awGtm;vH;k &Srd &Su d akd wmh bm rSrar;oGm;bl;”[k qdkonf? ,ckvdk vlOD;a&pm&if; vma&mufaumufcHjcif;udk =o *kwfvukefydkif;upI oufqdkif&m tm%myd k i f r sm;u pwif v k y f aqmifcJhjcif;jzpf+yD; jynfe,fESifh wdkif;toD;oD;wGif&Sdonfh vlOD;a& pm&if;rsm;udk 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ rwdkifrD aejynfawmfodk@ ydk@aqmif &efjzpfonf[v k nf; ajymqdak e=u onf? Ô
Ô 'D a ubD a t wyf c G J r S L ;wOD ; ES i f h taygif ; yg(10)OD ; autJ e f , l E S i f h vma&muf y l ; aygif ; rS tquf æ [k ajymqkdoGm;onf? ajymqkdonf? vGefcJhonfh ZGefvu 'D “usaemf a&muf&SdwJh tawmtwGif; olwdk@ckdif;orSsukd aubD a t wyf r [m (999)/ vkyfay;&w,f? a&SŒwef;xGuf& (555)/ (333)wyfzGJ@rsm;u etz w,f? &JabmfawG rdom;pk emr . zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh autJef,l usef;jzpfwm? rdef;r rD;zGm;wm wyfr[m(7) autJeft,fvfat awmifrS jyefcGifhr&Sdatmif ckdif; wyf&if;ae&mtcsKdŒukd 0ifa&muf d , f o l rd ;f yku d pf Of ‚if;wd@k . wyf w,f? a,mufsm;u a&SŒwef;csn;f wku yJ xGufaeawmh tdrfu rdom;pk/ om;(300)cef@ xdcdkufaoqkH;r_&Sd pm;0wfaea&;/ uav;ynma&;/ cJha=umif; autJef,l/ wyfr[m use;f rma&;awGrmS tcuftcJawG (7). ppf a &;rS w f w rf ; rsm;t& trsm;}uD; &Sdvmw,f? aemufqkH; od&onf? tqkdygxkd;ppf+yD;aemuf usaemfwdk@udk a&SŒwef;oGm;&r,f vdk wdwdusus rajymbJ bmrod 'D a ubD a t wyf z G J @ rsm;twG i f ; nmrodeJ@ wyfr[m (7)e,fajr oabmxm;trsKd;rsKd; xGufay: rSm a&mufvmwmygyJ”[k ‚if;u vm+yD; ‚if;wdk@wyfzGJ@0iftcsKdŒu xkid ;f Edik if t H wGi;f ok@d xGuaf jy;wdr;f ajymonf? xkd@tjyif olu “au a&SmifoGm;olrsm;&Sdovkd wcsKdŒrSm tJef,l wyfr[m (7)XmecsKyfrSm vnf; autJef,lESifh jyefvmyl; f xd;k ppf+yD; csed rf pS a&muf v mawmh 'D a ubD a t aygi;f =u&m ZGev &JabmfawG trsm;}uD; xdckduf'%f I autJef,lxH 0ifa&mufvm &m&cJhw,f? trsm;tm;jzifh rkdif;eJ@ onfh 'DaubDat wyfzGJ@0if (45) xd w maygh ? ta,muf ( 300) OD;&Sd+yD[k od&onf? autJef,lESifh jyefvm avmuf '%f&m&wm/ aoqk;H wm rygb;l ? tck r=umc% rkid ;f xdwm yl;aygi;f onfh 'DaubDatwyfom; yJ? xdckduf'%f&m&olawGukd t rsm;teuf aemufqkH;tkyfpktjzpf xufv}l uD;awGu apmifah &Smufvdk a&muf&Sdvmonfh apmqmhazm OD; pdwf odyfr&Sdbl;? tokH;r0ifawmh aqmif a omtzG J @ u ppf t pk d ; & bl;qkw d o hJ abmayg?h tJ't D ay:rSm ðywfoGm;onftxd rdciftzGJ@t '%f&m&wJh &Jabmfav;awGa&m/ pnf; autJef,lESifhtwl jyefvnf f u dk yf 0JG ifomG ;rnf[k qkd r&wma&m t&rf ; pd w f x d c k d u f awmfveS w w,f? pdwf"gwfusw,f? usaemf onf? Ô vnf; pdwfraumif;jzpfrdw,f”
pmrsufESm 3
o&ufaxmifrS autJe, f l tusOf;om;wOD; usef;rm;a&;qd;k &Gm; pufwifbmv 26&uf? apmodef;jrifh(autdkifpD) o&ufaxmifwGif t usO;f uscaH e&onfh autJe, f lt usO;f om; poef;jrihaf &$onf use;f rma&;tvGefqdk;&Gm;+yD; vuf&Sdt csdefwGif ESpftwef=um axmif0if pmESifhvnf; tquftoG,fjywf v#uf&Sdonf[k od&onf? pufwifbmv 18&uf ae@wG i f o&uf a xmif r S vG w f ajrmuf v mol atbD t uf p f ' D tuf z f tzG J @ 0if a [mif ; ud k & ef atmifa&$u ‚if;jyefvnfrvGwf ajrmufcif jrifawG@cJh&onfh tajc taersm;udk ,ckvdk ajymjyonf? “usaemfwdk@u ol@udk AdkvfcsKyfvdk@yJ ac:w,f? AdkvfcsKyf [m 90ckESpfwkef;u yxrt}udrf wDbw D cgjzpfw,f? tckaemufq;kH t}udrf 'D 2009xJrSm xyfjzpf awmh olwDbDaq;aomufwm ig; v/ ajcmufvavmuf&Sd+yD? axmif xJrSm wDbDaq;awmh tvum; wdkufw,f? 'gayr,fh aemufrSm
tm;aq;vdu k &f r,f? tm;aq;us vnf; udk&efa&$uqufajymonf? aemuf tzrf;rcH&ciftxd A[kXd m autJef,l 'kOuUX y'dk ecsKyfwGif wyf=uyf}uD;wOD;tjzpf awmh axmifu ray;Edkifbl;? ol@ zmomol ±kef;uef&w,f? axmif apma';Apf o uabmu “au wm0ef,lcJholjzpfonf? 1983ckESpfu zm;tHòrdŒ 0ifpmuvnf; vHk;0 rvmawmh tJef,ludkawmh rqvtpdk;&u òrdifuav; bdvufajrpuf±kHrS jyif opftif*sifeD,m ZeD;armifESHudk AdkvfcsKyf[m 90ckESpfwkef;u yxrt}udrf 0ifa&muf zrf;qD;cJhonfh autJef wDbDwcgjzpfw,f? tckaemufqHk;t}udrf ,lwyfzGJ@wGif yg0ifcJh+yD; xdkESpfwGif yif Ad k v f r S L ;a&mbwf a e0if ; OD ; 'D2009xJrSm xyfjzpfawmh olwDbDaq;aomufwm aqmifonfh tzG@J u jynfwiG ;f v_yf ig;v/ ajcmufvavmuf&Sd+yDæ &Sm;r_tpDtpOfjzifh &efuek o f @kd oGm; a&mufcJh&m jrefumppfwyfu zrf; f efr_ bl;? tckawmh wDbDaq;udk em; t=urf;zuftzGJ@vdk@yJ owfrSwf qD;um ‚if;tm; Edik if aH wmfyek u xm;&w,f”[k olu ajymonf? xm;w,fav? trSefawmh au jzifh ao'%fcsrSwfvdkuf+yD; xdkrSw o&ufaxmif wdkuf(1) tJ e f , l w yf z G J @ 0if a wG [ m trsKd ; qifh ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fodk@ av#mh tcef;eHygwf(9)wGif tusOf;uscH om;vG w f a jrmuf a &;twG u f ayghcHcJh&onf? vuf&SdtcsdefwGif jref k yf 0JG ifaeolawGjzpfawmh olw@kd ae&ol poef ; jrif h a &$ o nf t wdu ouf 50ausmfom &Sdao;aomf udk zrf;rd&if &mZ0wfaxmifom; rmppftpdk;& axmifxJwGif au vnf; wDbDa&m*ga0'em cHpm;ae tjzpf xm;vdk@r&bl;? ppfoHk;yef; tJef,ltusOf;om;OD;a& 20ausmf &onf h ' %f a =umih f ‚if ; touf taeeJ@yJ axmifxJrSmxm;&rSm” &S+d yD; ‚if;wd@k rmS axmifouf ESpf 20 ausmfonfh ESpf}uD;tusOf;om; xuf y d k I td k p maea=umif ; ES i f h [k autdkifpDudk ajymqdkonf? axmifxJwGif ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&Sdae {&m0wD w d k i f ; / jrpf 0 u&ifhawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;jzpf G af jrmufvm ao;onfhta=umif;udk rdcif au u|e;f ay: Zmwdjzpfol poef;jrifah &$ onf[k jyefvnfvw tJef,ltzGJ@pnf;odk@ jyefvnfajym onf 1980ckESpfcef@u autJef,l onfh tusOf;om;rsm;. ajymjy jyay;&ef rSm=um;vdkufa=umif; wGif pwifwm0ef xrf;aqmifcJh+yD; csuft& od&onf? Ô
Edi k i f aH &;tusOf;om;rsm;udk vGw+f idr;f oufomcGijfh zifh v$waf y;jcif;r[kwf om;awG x J u Ed k i f i H a &;tusOf ; om;awGudk vGwf+idrf;oufomcGifh eJ@ v$waf y;wm r[kwb f ;l ? usaemf wd k @ &J @ axmif x G u f v uf r S w f u d k =unfhvdkufr,fqdk&if aemufwcg jypfr_usL;vGefvdk@&Sd&if usoifhwJht jypf ' %f u d k cH p m;&r,f v d k @ a&;
&Sdw,f”[k qdkonf? ,ckv 18&ufae@wGif o&uf a xmif r S jyef v nf v G w f ajrmufvmol EdkifiHa&;tusOf; om; udk&efatmifa&$onf jrefrm Edik if v H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm; 'D rdkua&pDwpfOD; (atbDtufpf'D tufzf)wyf&if; (909)rS wyfzGJ@0if a[mif;wpfOD;jzpf+yD; ‚if;tm; v0 utr_jzihf 5ESpf/ yk'fr17§1 w&m; r0if tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh qufoG,fr_ jzihf 3ESpf/ yk'fr 19-u w&m;r0if vufeufa&mif;0,fazmufum;r_ jzifh 7ESpf om,m0wDaxmifwGif pwifydk@aqmifcH&um axmif'%f (11)ESpfwdwd uscHcJh&onf? etz tm%mydkifrsm; onf jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm onfh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk aemufa,mifcHvdkufjcif;/ axmif xG u f v uf rS w f j yygu ppf a q; ar;jref;r_ ydkrdkvkyfaqmifvmjcif; ponft h ajctaersm;a=umihf jynf wGif;Yqufae&ef vHk;0 rjzpfEkdif awmhonfh twGuf pufwifbm etztusOf;axmifrS jyefvnfv$wfajrmufvmonfh udk&efatmifa&$ v 24&ufae@wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ rJ aqmufòrdŒodk@ a&muf&Sdvm&jcif; vGw+f idr;f oufomcGijhf zihf v$waf y; xm;w,f ? 'gol w d k @ ajymaewJ h jzpfonf[k olu ajymqdkcJhonf? jcif;r[kwfa=umif; vGwfajrmuf vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhr[kwfbl;? ‚if;u “18&ufae@u vmol Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;udk &ef vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh qdkvdk@&Sd&if usaemfaxmifu vGwfvmw,f? atmif a &$ u xk w f a zmf a jymqd k wEdkifiHvHk;rSm&SdwJh tusOf;om; axmifuxGuf+yD;qdk&if jynfwGif; vdkufonf? tm;vHk; w&ufyJusefusef/ wESpf rSmaezdk@qdkwm vHk;0rjzpfEdkifbl;? udk&efatmifa&$u “e yJ u sef u sef / 15&uf y J u sef u sef / rdom;pk tajctaeuvnf; t tz v$wfay;vdkufwJh tusOf; ao'%fyJjzpfjzpf tm;vHk;cHpm;cGifh ukefvHk;,dkifvJaeovdk oufqdkif pufwifbmv 25&uf? apmodef;jrifh(autdkifpD) +yD;cJhonfh pufwifbm v 18&uf a e@u tusOf ; om; (711)OD;udk jrefrmppftpdk;& jyef vnf v G w f a y;cJ h & mwG i f yg0if c J h onfh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk
u&ifowif;pOf/
2009 ckESpf?
atmufwdkbm 5&uf? apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) jrefrmppftpdk;& ðyvkyf rnfh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJESifh ywf oufI u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;t ±Hk; (autJef,l)u atmufwkdbm v 5&ufae@wGif &Sif;vif;csufpm wapmif xkwfjyefcJhonf? ‚if;pmxJwGif pufwif bmv 28&ufae@u wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd;rsm;aumifpD (tD;tJefpD). twGif;a&;rSL; tar&duef qD;edwf v$ w f a wmf t rwf rpP w m*sif r f 0ufbfxH ay;ydk@onfhpmonf et z. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtajymif; tvJtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;w&yf ozG,f a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfh twGuf wpHkw&m tjrif&_wfaxG;
xuf autJef,l. &yfwnfcsuf udk azmfjyjcif;omjzpfa=umif; y'dk apma';Apf o uabmu xyf r H ajymqdkvdkufonf? “usaemfwdk@ xkwfjyef csuf [ m tusKd ; ouf a &muf r _ &Sdjcif;/ r&Sdjcif;xuf autJef,l&JŒ &yfwnfcsuftrSefudk &Sif;&Sif;azmf jywmyJ jzpfw,f? etzu w&m; 0iftpd;k &jzpfz@kd twGuaf &G;aumuf yGJudk vkyfaewm? tJ'gudk ruef@ uGufzdk@eJ@ a&G;aumufyGJ0ifr,fhol/ rJxnfhr,fh jynfolawGudk ynm ay;oifwef;awGay;+yD; ulnDyHhydk; ay;zdk@txdawmif tar&duefudk wd k u f w G e f ; xm;wJ h t cgusawmh usaemfwdk@ b,fvdkrS vufcHvdk@r& bl;”[k ajymonf?
usaemfwdk@ xkwfjyefcsuf[m tusKd;oufa&mufr_ &Sdjcif;/ r&Sdjcif;xuf autJef,l&JŒ &yfwnfcsuftrSefudk
&m &Jpcef;awGuvnf; usaemfwdk@ aemufukd waumufaumufvu kd f w,f ? usaemf w d k @ axmif x G u f vufrudk jyvdkufwdkif; trsKd;rsKd; ppfaq;ar;jref;w,f? 'Dtwdkif;qdk &if usaemfw@kd aea&;xdik ;f a&;/ b0 vHkòcHa&;u a&&SnfrSm jzpfrSm r [k w f a wmh b l ; ? tJ ' ga=umih f usaemf 'Dxdkif;EdkifiHe,fpyfbufudk xGufvmwmyg”[k ajymonf? ‚if;tjyif axmifxJY&Sd pOfuvnf; udk,fhp&dwfudk,fpm; pepfjzihf aexdkif&+yD; usef;rma&; ydkif;qdkif&m aq;0g;ukor_bufrSm vnf; oufqikd &f mtm%mydik rf sm; wpH k w &mrS ul n D a y;jcif ; r&S d a=umif; ‚if;tjyif axmiftwGif; wGif tm%mydik rf sm;. !Si;f yrf;ESyd f pufr_ r=umc% óuHawG@&aomf vnf ; ,ck x uf x d ta&;,l aqmif & G u f r _ r sm; wpH k w &mr&S d a=umif; ‚if;u qufajymonf? jyef v nf v G w f a y;cJ h onfh tusO;f om;rsm;xJwiG f Edik if H a&;tusOf; 200 ausmfyg0ifonf [k jrefrmppftpdk;&u a=unmcJh aomfvnf; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; rsm; ul n D a pmih f a &S m uf a &;t oif;-jrefrmEdkifiH(atatyDyD)u ,if;vGwaf jrmufvmolrsm;xJwiG f EdkifiHa&;tusOfom; (127)OD;yg&Sd a=umif; pufwifbmv 19&uf ae@wGif owif;xkwfjyefcJhonf? Ô
atmufwdkbmv/
etz. 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG ay: autJe, f l &Si;f vif;csufxw k jf yef
&Sif;&Sif;azmfjywmyJ jzpfw,f? etzu w&m;0iftpdk;&jzpfzdk@twGufa&G;aumufyGJudk vkyfaewmæ r_udk jzpfay:aponf[k a&;om; azmfjyxm;onf? autJef,l 'kOuUX y'dk apma';Apfouabmu “ay;ydk@ wJhpmxJrSm etzudk tºuGif;rJh axmufcHwJhyHkaygufaew,f? 'D a=unmcsufudk tD;tJefpD&J@ t wGif;a&;rSL; ESpfa,mufuyJ xkwf w,f? tD;tJefpDwzGJ@om;vHk;&JŒ o abmxm; r[kwfbl;vdk@ usaemf wdk@ od&w,f? pmxJrSmygwJh t a=umif; t&mawG[m autJef,l oabmxm;eJ @ vnf ; rud k u f n D bl;? etzudw k u kd af ewJh awmfveS f a&; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;&J@ o abmxm;eJ@vnf; rudkufnDbl;? olw@kd (tD;tJepf )D udk ulnaD y;aewJh tJ e f * sD t d k u cd k i f ; awmh 'D v d k y J av#mufvkyfwmyJvdk@ xifw,f? 'ga=umifh usaemfwdk@ autJef,l taeeJ @ 'gud k jyif ; jyif ; xef x ef uef@uGufygw,f”[k qdkonf? autJef,l. &Sif;vif; csuf p mrS m ,ck E S p f q ef ; yd k i f ; u xkwfjyefvdkufonfh 2010 a&G; aumufyGJtay: autJef,l. o abmxm;xkwfjyefcsufudk xyf avmif;twnfðyjcif;jzpf+yD; t usKd;oufa&mufr_ &Sdjcif;/ r&Sdjcif;
pmrsufESm 4
jrefrmjynfwGif wnf +idrfat;csrf;aom z,f'&,fjynf axmifpk ay:xGef;vma&;twGuf autJ e f , l t aejzif h yg0if v k y f aqmifv#u&f adS =umif;/ Ekid if w H um tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk raxmufcH=u&ef ESifh ukvor*~rS vdkvm;onfh oHk; yGifhqdkif awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&; jzpfay: vm&ef etztm; qxufxrf;ydk; wdk;IwdkufwGef;vH_@aqmf&ef xyf avmif;awmif;qdx k m;onf? rpP w m*sif r f 0 uf b f x H ay;ydk@onfh tD;tJefpD twGif;a&; rSL;.pmonf wzGJ@om;vHk;. o abmxm;r[kwfa=umif; tzGJ@. OuUX cl;xJblzJ (Khu Hte Bu Phe) u uef @ uG u f p mwapmif xkwfjyefa&;om;xm;&mwGif ‚if; wdk@taejzifh etz. 2008 zGJ@ pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh 2010 a&G; aumufyGJESpfckpvHk;udk vufrcHEkdif [k azmfjyyg&Sdonf? tqdkygay;ydk@pma=umifh tD;tJefpD twGif;a&;rSL;taejzifh ‚if;wdk@aumfrwDtzGJ@0ifrsm;. zd tm;ay;r_udk cH&Ekdifa=umif; a0zef r_rsm;vnf; &Sdonf? Ô
tcsif;csif; typf&yf=u&ef òrdi}f uD;ilq&mawmf pmxkwaf 0 pufwifbmv 30&uf? autdkifpD autJef,lESihf 'DaubD at ESpfzufvufeufudkif om; wynfhrsm; rdrdu&iftcsif;csif; wdkufcdkufowfjzwfae=uonfudk &yfqdkif;I vmrnfhESpfopful;ae@ rwdkifrD typftcwf&yfpJ=u&ef òrdif}uD;iltxl;a'orS q&mawmf b'E WokZeu ,refae@u pm xkwfa0vdkufonf? q&mawmf . òyH ; &,f aeaom "mwfyHkESifh ‘òrdif}uD;il t xl;a'o’pmvHk;aemufcHrsm;jzifh a&;om;xm;onfh q&mawmf pm . tpwGif “rar#mfvifhbJ 'Dau bDat tzGJ@tpnf;w&yf ðAef;pm; }uD;ay:aygufvmum autJef,l ESifh 'DaubDat[lI u&iftrsKd; om;vufeufuikd Ef pS zf @JG jzpfvm&jcif; rSm ordkif;. awmif;qdkcsuft& zefw;D jzpfay:vmjcif;jzpfa=umif;” xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;onf? xkwfa0onfh&ufpGJESihf q&mawmf . vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; xm;jcif ; r&S d o nf h tqd k y gpm. tqHk;ydk'fwGif “ESpfzufaom vuf euf u d k i f t zG J @ om;rsm;onf t wdwfrS qdk;usKd;rsm;udk oifcef;pm ,lv#uf tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSef oifyek ;f acs+yD; em;vnfciG v hf w $ =f u um rwlnDonfh tawG;tac: rsm;udk wlnDr_&onfhtxd awG@qHk !dSE_dif;aqmif&Guf=uapvdkonf” [lI yg&Sdonf? xdkudpPESifhywfoufI autJef,l wyfr[m(7)rSL; Adkvf rSL;csKyfapma*smfeDu “usaemfwdk@
òrif}uD;ilq&mawmf b'EWokZe u oifykef;acscJhwm =um+yD; typf &yfzdk@qdk&atmif 'DaubDatu e tzeJ@aygif;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk tm&f yD*sDAHk;oD;awGeJ@ vmypfoGm;wmudk awmif a&SmifcGmay;cJhwm usaemf wdk@ +idrf;csrf;a&;udk vdkvm;/ rvdk vm; odEkdifygw,f? vGefcJhwJh ESpf awGuvnf; 'DvdkyJ pma&;vm+yD; q&mawmf&ŒJ t&dyaf tmufrmS jyef vmaecdkif;w,f? 'DaubDat[m oufwrf; 15ESpf&Sd+yD;? etz ckdif; wm vk y f + yD ; ud k , f h u &if v l x k u d k awmif bmrSrumuG,fay;Edkif&if usaemfwdk@jyefoGm;zdk@qdkwm rjzpf Edkifygbl;? pmeJ@yJ a&;ae+yD; t aumiftxnfrazmfEdkifawmh bm
t"dy`g,f&SdrSmvJ”[k autdkifpDudk ajymonf? +yD;cJo h nfh ZGev f u et zwyfrsm. aemufcHay;r_ESifh 'D aubDatu autJef,lu wyf r[m(7)udk xdk;ppfqif&m wyfr [mXmecsKyfESifh wyf&if;ae&mrsm; udk autJe, f rl pS eG @f cmG ay;cJ&h onf? ‚if;tjyif 'DaubDatwyf zGJ@0if rsm;onf etzwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;um autJef,l wyfr[m (6)ESihf wyfr[m(5)udk qufvuf I xdk;ppfqifv_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sdonf? 'D a ubD a twyf z G J @ onf òrdif}uD;ilq&mawmf. OD; aqmifr_atmufwGifom ,ckt
csd e f x d &yf w nf v #uf & S d o nf h t wGuf q&mawmfonfom tc&m tusqHk; yk*~Kdvfjzpf+yD; 'DaubD at xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk trdef@ay; !Gef=um;Edkifoljzpfonf [kvnf; AdkvfrSL;csKyfapma*smeDu axmufjyajymqdkcJhonf? vGefcJhonfh =o*kwfv ydkif;u 'DaubDat (999)wyfr [mrS AsL[mrSL; AdkvfrSL;csKyfapm cspf o l u 'D a ubD a ttaejzif h +idrf;csrf;a&;udk vdkvm;+yD; trsKd; bmom/ omoemxGef;um;a&; twGuf òrdi}f uD;ilq&mawmfb&k m; }uD;. vrf;!Gefr_jzifh vkyfaqmif aea=umif;ESifh e,fpyfodk@xGufajy; ae&onfh u&if&Gmol&Gmom; 'kuQ onfrsm; ‚if;wdk@&yf&Gmodk@ jyefr vmEdkifatmif autJef,lrS rdkif; axmifxm;a=umif; pGypf u JG m xkwf jyefcsufwapmif a&;om;cJhao; onf? òrdif}uD;ilq&mawmf. xkwfjyefpmtay: 'DaubDat t &m&Sdrsm;. tjrifoabmxm; od &SdEdkif&ef autdkifpDrS qufoG,far; jref;aomfvnf; tqufoG,fr& cJhay? wdk;wufaom Ak'
'DaubDatwyfz@JG apmif=unfp h pfaq;r_a=umifh &Gmom;rsm; tae=uyf pufwifbmv 23&uf? apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) wkd;wufaom Ak'
vmtdyf&r,f? tJovkdrsKd; &Gm om;awG u d k t=uyf u d k i f w ,f ? aumfol;av(autJef,l) aewk e f ; uawmh om;ig;awG u d k &Gmom;awG vGwfvGwfvyfvyf &Smpm;vdk@&w,f? tckawmh bmrS vk y f v d k @ r&awmh b l ; ”[k ajym onf? 'D a ubD a twyf z J G @ . &GmwGif;ypfcwfr_a=umifh rJhuom &Gmol&mG om; 16OD;yg tdraf xmifpk (4)pkonf pufwifbmv 18&uf ae@wGif xkdif;EkdifiHawmifydkif; pHc& bl&DòrdŒe,fxJodk@ xGufajy;wdrf; a&SmifomG ;cJ+h yD; aemufxyf &Gmom; rsm; xGufrajy;Ekdifatmif vkyf aqmifjcif;jzpfonf[k od& onf? ,if ; od k @ &G m om;rsm; xGufajy;&jcif;rSm +yD;cJhonfh puf wifbmv 16&ufae@u Akdvf}uD; at0rf; OD;aqmifonfh 'DaubD at (905)wyf&if; wyfcJG(5)wyf
zGJ@wdk@u &GmtwGif;odk@ vufeuf }uD;rsm;jzifh ypfcwfcJh&m &Gmom; rsm;u &GmwGif rae&J=uawmhbJ e,fpyfodk@ xGufajy;cJh&jcif; jzpf onf[k tqdkyga'ocHu ajym onf? ‚if ; u “puf w if b m
eufi,f tcsuf 30ypfw,f? 'g ayr,fh &Gmom;awGudkawmh w a,mufrS rxdbl;? tJ'Daemuf rJhuomacsmif;twkdif; olwdk@wuf oG m ;+yD ; awmh acsmif ; ab;em; awmif,mwJ 4vkH;udk aoewfeJ@ aemufxyf 10csuf xyfypfw,f?
ppfa&;ESihf wyfom;opf pkaqmif;r_ukd wcsdew f nf;vkyaf qmif atmufwdkbmv 8&uf? autdik pf D etzESifh 'DaubDat wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;onf zmyGefc±kdif&Sd autJef,l wyfr[m(5)e,fajr rsm;wGif ppfqifa&;v_yf&mwGif wyfom;opfpkaqmif;r_udkyg w òydifeufwnf; vkyfaqmifaeonf [k autJeft,fvfat wyfr[m (5)ESihf qufoG,far;jref;csuft& od&onf? autJ e f t ,f v f a t wyfr[m(5) wyfa&;Adkvf AdkvfrSL; apmuv,f'dku “tck[m 'Dau bDateJ@ etzwyfawG[m bl;odk eJ@ 'G,fvdk;òrdŒe,fatmufydkif;awG rSm ppfa&;v_y&f mS ;ae&if;wòydief uf wnf;rSmyJ olwdk@a&muf&SdwJh aus; &GmawGuae wyfom;opfawGudk pkaqmif;aumufcHaew,fvdk@ us aemfw@kd od&w,f”[k autdik pf u D kd ajymonf? ,if;odk@ wyfom;aumuf cH&mwGif touftydkif;tjcm;udk rod&Sd&aomfvnf; aus;&Gmtkyfpk wck v #if wyf o m;opf 12OD ; pD owfrSwfac:,lcJh+yD; ray;Edkifygu aiGusyf 12odef;pD ay;aqmif&rnf [k !Gef=um;xm;a=umif;vnf; Ad k v f r S L ;apmuv,f ' d k u quf vufajymqdkonf? “wcsKd@rdbawGu vnf; om;a,musFm;av;awGudk wyfxJrygapcsifvdk@ wjcm;ae&m odk@ ydk@xm;wmawGvnf; &Sdw,f av? 'grsKd;awGus&if olwdk@u vl rvmEdkif&if aiGay;wJhpepfeJ@ aus; &Gmtkyfpkwckudk aiGusyf 12odef;pD ay;cdkif;w,f”[k ‚if;u qdkonf? u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; 'D a ubD a twyf r sm;u ,ck v d k wyfom;opf aumuf,lpkaqmif; aejcif;ESifhywfoufI autJef,l wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;(1) AkdvfrSL; apmvSaiGu ol.tjrifudk ,ckvdk ajymqkdonf? “'DaubDatu etz zGJ@pnf;yHkt&qdk&if olwdk@wyftif tm;u waomif;0ef;usifrSm &Sd &r,f? tckvuf&Sdu oHk;axmif
ausmfyJ&Sdaeao;wJh taetxm; rSm tiftm;jznfhEdkifzdk@ wyfr[m (7)e,fbufrSm wyfom;aumuf cHawmhvnf; jynfhrDwJh ta&t wGufudkr&wJhtjyif xdckdufusqHk; r_awGyg jzpfcJhw,f? wyfr[m(6) buf r S m vnf ; 'D v d k w yf o m;pk aqmif;r_a=umifh vlxkuef@uGuf qef@usifr_udk cHcJh&w,f? etz owfrSwfxm;csuft& pufwif bmvrSm t+yD;aumufcHzdk@[m ratmifjrifcJhbl;aygh? 'ga=umifh wyf r [m(5)buf u d k vS n f h + yD ; qufvkyfaewJhoabmyJ”[k Adkvf rSL;apmvSaiGu ajymonf? zmyGefòrdŒtajcpdkuf 'D aubDat(777)u aqm0g;wyf &if;ESihftwl (333)ESifh (666)wyf r[mwdk@onf etz wyf&if;w &if;ESihf yl;aygif;um bl;odkòrdŒe,f&Sd r,f!dS/ r,fclxmh/ r,frGJxmh p onfah 'owGif pcef;csum t"du v_yf&Sm;r_ tenf;i,f&Sdonf[k od&aomfvnf; ‚if;wd@k . tiftm; twdtusudkrl rod&Sdao;ay? ‚if ; tajctaeES i f h ywfoufI òrdif}uD;iltxl;a'o&Sd 'DaubDat XmecsKyfESifh A[dkquf qHa&;±H;k od@k autdik pf rD S qufo, G f cJhaomfvnf; zkef;ydwfxm;v#uf&Sd onf? 'DaubDat(333) wyf r[monf ,cifu autJef,l wyfr[m(1)ESifh wyfr[m(3)e,f pyf=um;a'owGif v_yf&Sm;cJhaomf vnf; 2008ck ESpfrSpI wyfr[m (5)zmyGefc±kdiftwGif; 0ifa&muf v_yf&Sm;vmcJhonf? xdktjyif et z ppfwyf. trSwf(19) ajcvsif wyf & if ; /(340)/ (341)/ (434)/ (216)ESihf (218)ajcjrefwyf&if;rsm; onfzmyGefòrdŒwGif pcef;xdkifv#uf &Sdonf? autJ e f t ,f v f a t onf autJef,l. OD;aqmifr_jzifh ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;aeonfh u&ift rsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfz@JG jzpf+y;D wyfr[m (5)e,fajrwGif wyf&if; (4)&if;jzihf v_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sdonf?
ausmf&Sd 'kAkdvfrSL;}uD; apmaemfw ,m OD;aqmifonfh 'DaubDat (907)wyf&if;u rsufajcrjywf apmif=h uyfxm;+yD; obm0&Gmbuf wGif vltiftm;(40)&Sd Akdvf}uD; at0rf; OD;aqmifonfh 'DaubD at (905) wyfcJG(5) wyfzJG@u apmifh=uyfxm;a=umif; od&onf?
uDvkdrDwm tuGmta0;wGif&Sd+yD; tdrfajc 150ausmf&Sdonf? vuf&Sd tajctaet& &Gm. ta&SŒbuf jcrf;wGif 'DaubDat (907)wyf &if;u tajccsae+yD; &Gm.ywfywf vnf w G i f autJ e f , l - autJ e f t,fvaf t wyf&if;(16)wyfz@GJ 0if wdk@u v_yf&Sm;vSsuf&Sdonf? Ô
rJu h omuae rkid ;f bufukd oGm;&ifvnf; txkyt f yd;k t}uD; }uD; o,froGm;&bl;? awmif,moGm;&ifvnf; reufyikd ;f oGm;+yD;awmh ae@csi;f jyefy?J tdru f ykd J rJhuomaus;&Gmonf vuf&SdtcsdefwGif rJhu jyefvmtdyf&r,f? tJovkdrsKd; &Gmom;awGudk om&GmwGif wyftiftm; (50) bk&m;okH;qlòrdŒ. ajrmufbuf 10 t=uyfudkifw,f? (16)&ufae@u 'DaubDat wyf &if;(905) wyfcJG(5)rSL; Akdvfat 0rf ; u rJ h u om&G m ud k o G m ;zd k @ t wGuf obm0&Gm udka&mufawmh acsmif;udkjzwful;rJhtcsdefrSm (M79)eJ@ okH;vkH; vSrf;ypfw,f? vuf
u&ifowif;pOf/
vlawGvnf;&Sdwmaygh? tJovkd vku d yf pfawmh&mG om;awGa=umuf +yD; rJhuom&GmjyifrSm&SdwJh wJawG/ td r f a wG u td r f a xmif p k (4)pk xk d i f ; buf j crf ; xD ; y,f c D ; &G m ud k xGufajy;oGm;w,f”[k qdkonf?
atmwdkbmvv/
2009 ckESpf?
pmrsufESm 5
oef;acgifxuf eufaom nOfrh sm; (1) ,ck E S p f r sm;twG i f ; u&if o wif ; pOf Y usaemf a &;cJ h or#aom aqmif;yg;wkdif;. tESpf csKyfrSm ArmEkdifiH ppftkyfpktm; rqkwfrepf qef@usifawmfvSefa&; ESifh/ xkdokd@ awmfvSef&mwGif csDwkHcs wkH 'G[ d oHo,yGm;p&m rvkyd /J ‚if; wkd@ usifhokH;aeonfh vufeufukdif enf;vrf;jzifhyif acsr_ef;okwfoif ypf&ef wku d w f eG ;f Ek;d aqmfxm;onfh aqmif;yg;awGcsn;f jzpfaea=umif;/ acgif;pOfESifh ta=umif;t&mrsm; trsK;d rsK;d ajymif;oGm;aomfvnf; OD; wnfcsufuawmhworwfwnf; jzpfa=umif;ESi/hf tcsKŒd aom aqmif; yg;rsm;Y tenf;i,f aysmhajymif; oa,mif&Sdonfhwkdif aqmif;yg;t rsm;pkwGif ppfaoG;ºuG ta&;t om;rsm;om jynfhESufaea=umif; rdwfaqGwOD;u a0zefcJhonf? Taqmif ; yg;rsm;uk d T&nf&G,fcsufjzifh pkdufvkdufrwf wwfa&;aeolrSm 1994ckESpfu “awmifyHwpfzufESifh csKd;iSufwpf aumif”[laom oDcsif;ukd a&;zGJ@ oDqkdcJholjzpfa=umif; xkdrdwfaqG od&Sd[ef rwlacs? urB m ausmf jyif o pf yef ; csD q &m}uD ; yD u mqk d a &;qG J onfh pyg;ESH ukdufcsDxm;aom csKd; iSufykH yef;csDum;rSm +idrf;csrf;om ,m0ajymr_ukd ar#mfrSef;a&;qGJr_t jzpf trsm;u rSwf,lvsuf/ yef;csD um;wGif;Y yg0ifonfh csKd;iSufjzL uav;ukdvnf; +idrf;csrf;a&; ed rdwfykHoauFwtjzpf urBmw0Srf; wGifus,fpGm tokH;ðyvmcJhonf? yDumqkd. csKd;iSufESifhrwl wrlxl; jcm;pGmyif/ +idrf;csrf;a&;ukd ukd,f pm;ðyazmfaqmifrnfh usaemfwkd@ csKd;iSufY tawmifyHwpfzufom &Sdaeonf? tawmifqkdonfrSm ESpfzufpkH&SdrSvnf; aumif;rGefpGm ysHoef;Ekdifrnf jzpf.? awmifyHwpf zufESifh csKd;iSufwpfaumifonf +idrf;csrf;a&;ukd vkdvm;aom wkdif; &if;om;vufeufukdiftzGJ@tpnf; rsm;ESi'hf rD u dk a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;aqmif &Gufaeolwkd@u ArmEkdifiH ppftpkd; &tm; ok;H OD;ok;H zvS,f awG@qaHk qG; aEG;=u&ef urf;vSrf;vkdufaom oD csif;yif jzpfavonf? t=urf;zuf wku d cf u dk rf u _ dk rvkd vm;yJ/ Ekid if aH &; jy\emukd EkdifiHa&;enf;t& +idrf; csrf;pGm ajz&Sif;Ekdifa&; urf;vSrf;r_ ukd ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmyif usaemf pGJ ukdifxm;cJhonf? 1990-1991 ckESpfu wnf;u a&;cJhaom oDcsif;rsm;ukd 1991ckESpf ESpfvnfykdif;Y 'l;yvm ,mc±kid w f iG ;f rS ausmif;q&m/ aq; q&mr &Jabmf&b J ufrsm; ESit hf wl wkduf+yD;/ toHoGif;&ef tqifoifh jzpfcsdefwGif c±kdiftwGif;a&;rSL; y'kd
aiGwifu A[kdkokd@ a&mufaeonfh c±kid Of uUXxH ta=umif;=um;ay;cJh .? c±kdifOuUXu rSmvkdufaom a=umif h tzG J @ om;tm;vk H ; rJ aqmufokd@ wufcJh=u+yD;/ aemzkd; (aemfvm;rlwa&mf)ESifhtwl 0DvsH ±_id ;f ESihf usaemfw@dk EpS Of ;D autJe, f l (10) }udrfajrmuf nDvmcHusif;y aeonfh rme,fyavmokd@ oGm; um A[kad umfrwD0if acgi;f aqmif }uD;rsm; a&SŒtppfaq;cH wD;cwf oDqkdjycJh&onf/ A[kdu xkwfvkyf &ef cGifhðycJh.? tk d z v,f v J a umf o l ; avukd oDqkdxkwfvkyfxm;aom apmvJ,[kd;ac: q&mqmau;'kd u oltoHoiG ;f cJo h nfh csi;f rkid pf wl 'D,kdrSmyif oDcsif;acG jzpfajrmuf a&; 0kdif;0ef;aqmif&Gufay;&ef wm 0ef,lcJhonf ? 1992ck ESpfOD;ykdif; csi;f rkid o f mG ;a&mufa&;udprP sm; wm 0ef&Sdolrsm;u aqmif&GufaeqJrSm yif c±kdifokd@ &efol@xkd;ppf a&muf vmaoma=umifh tpDtpOf qkid ;f iHh xm;cJh&onf? &efol jyefqif;oGm;
xJa&mufp 1988 wkef;u vuf wGv J yk u f idk cf zhJ ;l aom AD', D u dk ifr&m rif; ukdpkd;ckdif (ru'w)ESifh jyefqkHcJh &onf? ukpd ;dk ckid rf mS olu, dk w f idk f uifr&m rukid af wmhbJ vli,frsm; jzpfonfh ukdatmifausmfESifh ukd xufcidk w f @dk udk vGt J yfxm;.? “cif Asm;wk@d c±kid u f xkww f o hJ cD si;f wk@d jy Zmwfwkd@/ rdef@cGef;wkd@ bmwkd@ wdwf acGwckck r&Sdbl;vm;Asm”[k ukdpkd; ckdifu ar;onf? ae@vnfpm pm; csdefESifh xkdESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ tcrf;t em; acwW&yfem;csed rf sm;wGif oDcsi;f rsm;ukdzGifh&ef[k qkdonf? usaemf u uufpufjzifh oGif;xm;aom a=umifh toHuGmvwD raumif; a=umif;/ oHpOfESifh oDcsif;pmom; ukd em;axmifIawmh &Ekid af =umif; ajymum ygvmonf h tacG u k d xkwfay;onf? rme,f y avm crf ; r aqmif}uD;wGif tpnf;ta0;&yf em;csdefrsm;Y awmifyHwpfzufESifh csKd;iSufwpfaumiftygt0if oD
oef ; av;q,f a usmf jynf o l c H / pmempdwfeJ@ 'DtedXm±kHawGukd t qkH;owf=upkd@/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;t&jzpfwJh jy\em/ EkdifiH a&;enf;eJ@rS ajyvnfr,f jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;/ vl w k d i f ; ar#mf r S e f ; csuf yef ; wk d i f / ra&muf a &muf a tmif óud ; yrf ; vSrf;ukdifr,f oD c sif ; u tawmf u av; &Snfonf? oDcsif;pmom; t jynft h pku H dk tcGio hf ifv h #if oD;jcm; aqmif;yg;wyk'fa&;I azmfjyrnf jzpfonf? jzpf+yD;cJhor# udpPrsm; ES i f h y wf o uf I jy\emr&S m yJ oifykef;acs ausat;cGifhv$wfrnfh ta=umif;/ wzufESifhwzuf oifh jrwfajyvnfpGm &if=um;aphzkd@ vkd tyfa=umif;rsm;jzifh rnfokd@yif urf;vSrf; aqG;aEG;cJhaomfvnf; ArmEkid if pH pftyk pf u k dk odumQ &Sad om vrf;a=umif;ay:okd@ qGJrwifEkdifcJh acs? ppftkyfpku vlxktay: w
M.xufacgif
pum;rsm;om xyfwvJvaJ jymqkd cJhaoma=umifh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;r_ rsm; ratmifrjrif jzpfcJh&onf? ‚if;wkd@. =um;0ifaoG; cG/J ajcxk;d vky}f uH oyfv#Kx d ;dk cGrJ r_ sm; a=umifhyif jrpfqkHta&;tcif;ESifh/ 'DaubDattzGJ@ ay:aygufvmcJh &onf? 1997 ckESpfwGif wyfr[m (6)wGif;rS wzefxyfI uGJcJhjyef onf? 2007 ckESpf ESpfOD;ykdif;rSm awmh wyfr[m (7)rS cGx J u G rf r_ sm; &SdcJh+yD;/ tjrifrSef&I jyef0ifvmol rsm;u 0ifvm=uonfhwkdif 2008 ckEpS t f wGi;f ‚if;wk@d aemufo@dk tm; jznfhvkdufygoGm;olrsm;vnf; &Sd vmcJhjyefonf? tzGJ@tpnf;wGif; usef &Sdaeol tcsKd@rSmvnf; &Sifenf;&m t*~vx l u G o f vkd wwd,Ekid if rH sm; okd@ a&mufukef=u.? tzGJ@tpnf; rSm tiftm;,kwaf vsmv h mcsed w f iG f pdwf"mwfus t±_H;ay; tnHhcHa&; 0g'Drsm;ukd pdwf"mwfðyjyifajymif; vJEkdifa&;/ trmcH tiftm;rsm;t jzpf qufvuf&yfwnf wkdufyGJ0if
Amjynfvx l }k uD;rSm oef;acgifxufeufaom nOfrh sm;udk }uHKqHak e&+yD jzpfonf? ppftyk pf Ek iS hf ‚wk@d vufyg;aprsm;. tEkid u f sihf zdEydS rf a_ tmuf tdyaf umif;jcif;rtdy&f / pm;aumif;jcif; rpm;&/ toGm;=uyf/ tvm=uyf/ tae=uyf/ tao=uyf acwfysux f YJ rsu&f nfvnf&J$ tHw}udw}f udwf jzpfae=u&av+yDæ onfh aemufykdif;ESpfrsm;rSmvnf; tajctaeta=umif ; a=umif ; a=umifh toHoGif;rnfhudpP rjzpf ajrmufcJhacs? 1993-1994 ckESpft wGif; ±kduful;xm;aom c±kdifwGif; v_yf&Sm;r_ AD'D,kdacGrsm;ukd pkpnf; um/ cspaf omaumfo;l av trnf jzifh owif;wvSnfh o±kyfazmf oD csi;f wvSnhf wifqufxw k v f yk &f ef tvS&mS ykaH wmf/ tvSq;Hk tòyH;/ yef; pkHawmrSm &Sifoefjcif;/ awmifyH wpfzufESifh csKd;iSufwpfaumif oD csif;wkd@ukd tZif;&GmwGif;&Sd c±kdift rsKd;orD;tpnf;t±kH; ±kH;pkdufcJh&m tdrfa[mif;}uD;wGif omrefuuf pufjzifhyif toHoGif;cJhonf? 0DvsH ±_id ;f / pat;Ekid /f apmarmxl;ESihf rdwf aqGnDtukdrsm; yg0ifwD;cwfoDqkd cJh=u.? yDjyifpGm toHroGif;jzpfcJh aomfvnf; xkdoDcsif;onf awmf vSefa&;orm; EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm; t=um;okd@ ta=umif;óuHóudufpGm qkdufa&mufoGm;cJhavonf? 1994 ckESpftwGif; AD'D ,kdtacG xkwfvkyf&if; vGwfvyf aom u&ifhorkdif;okawoeXme ok@d a&muf&u dS m 1994 atmufwdk bmvxJY usif;yaom tem*wf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if H zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'a&; &m ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJokd@ u&ifhorkdif; okawoetzGJ@rSavhvmoltjzpf wufa&mufc&hJ mwGif awmfveS af &;
csif;rsm;ukd tjcm;aom 'Drkdua&pD wkdufyGJ0ifoDcsif;rsm;t=um; t acgufacguftcgcg zGifhcJh.? xkd pDrD emrSm tawmfyif vlpo Hk nfh pDreD m jzpfonf? 'Drkdu&ufwpf tzGJ@t pnf;rsm;aum/ wkdif;&if;om;vuf euf u k d i f t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;yg t awmf u av;pk H o nf ? jref r mo wif;rD'D,mXmersm;/ xkdif;owif; pmrsm;rS yk*K~ v d rf sm;ESiEhf idk if jH cm;om; ynm&Sifrsm;vnf; wufa&mufcJh =uonf? tzGJ@tpnf;tcsKd@rS rSwf wrf;wif ±kduful;xm;aom tacG rsm;Y awmifyHwpfzufESifh csKd;iSuf wpfaumifoDcsif; tykdif;tprsm; ukd =um;=u&rnfjzpfavonf? pd w f u l ; rvG J v k d u f e J @ aemf/ apwempum; ajymjyr,f/ &if=um;aphzkd@&m OD;wnf=upkd@ om;csi;f wk@d &ŒJ aoG;awG/ rcrf;ajcmufao;vnf; aeygap/ +yD;cJhor#tjzpfawG oifykef;acs vkdufyg@r,f &efukd&efcsif; rwkef@ESif; yJ apwemt&if;cHxm;um/ rSef uefpGm ajz&Sif;=upkd@ jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH; &JŒ xm0pOf+idr;f csr;f a&;ukd pm;yG0J idk ;f rSm aqG;aEG;tajz&Smr,f? a'gopdwfeJ@ rkef;rmef yGm;cJhwmvnf; =um&Snf+yD/ vl@t cGifhta&;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pD wkduf,lzkd@ twGuf &nf jynfwiG ;f ppf&ŒJ qk;d 'g%f
u&ifowif;pOf/
ES p f x uf w ES p f qxuf x rf ; yk d ; usL;vGefapmfum;r_rsm;ukd óuHvm cJh&onfh aemufykdif; ‚if;wkd@. o abmxm;apwemrSefukd yDjyifpGm odjrifvmonfhtavsmuf "m;ukd "m;csif; ajz&Sif;vkdpdwfrsm; a&mif jyef[yfcJhjcif;om jzpf.? (2) ppftkyfpkxHokd@ AkdvfcsKyf armifarmif/ y'kdcvdap;/ y'kdordef xGef;/ AkdvfrSL;}uD;xl;xl;av;/ Akdvf rSL;}uD;pkd;pkd;/ y'kdref;&Sm/ zl;wm t,f/ zl;wmrvmabm/ AkdvfcsKyf }uD;jr ponfhacgif;aqmifwkd@ t acguf a cguf t cgcg oG m ;a&muf awG@qkHcJh=uonf? rdrdwkd@ wifjy awmif;qkdonfh t"dutcsuft vufrsm;ukd !SdE_dif;ajz&Sif;jcif; rðy bJ a'ozGH@òzd;a&;vkyfief;rsm; yl; aygif;aqmif&Gufzkd@/ vufeufukd ukdifxm;+yD; vufeufukdifvrf;pOf ukd pGef@zkd@/ aemufwcsdefrSm w&m;O ya'abmifwGif;uae ygwDaxmif um a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzkd@/ EkdifiHa&;yg wDtjzpf &yfwnf+yD;onfhaemuf e,fajrzG@H òzd;a&;vkyif ef;rsm; aqmif &Guf&mwGif/ wkdif;jynfwckrSm wyf rawmfw&yfwnf;&Sd&rnf[laom rlESifhtnD wyfrsm;ukd zsufodrf; vsuf vufeufrsm;tyfzkd@pojzifh "mwfjym;a[mif;ukdom t}udrf }udrftzefzefzGifhjyum vufeufcs a&;ukd toGifajymif;xm;onfh
atmufwdkbmv/
2009 ckESpf?
oGm;Ekdifa&;/ &efolukd tnHhrcH wkdufckdufaeolrsm;ukd pdwf"mwf 0dnmOfykdif; tm;ay;jr‡ifhwifr_rsm; usaemfvkyfcJhonf? okH;yGifhqkdif aphpyfaqG; aEG;a&;urf;vSrf;aom tcsdefrSm rme,fyavm acwfaumif;aecsed /f awmfveS af om wkid ;f &if;om; vuf eufukdif tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh r[m rdwf'Drkdu&ufwpf EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@t pnf ; rsm; tm;aumif ; aecsd e f 1992- 93-94 ckESpfrsm;wGif jzpf onf? xkdpOfu jrpfqkHjy\em vnf; ray:aygufao;? autJef ,lonfvnf; tpdwpf w d t f r$mr$m rjzpfao;? ,ckuJhokd@ xkd;cGJcH&+yD; &Sdor# tiftm;ukd uspfvpfpGm pk pnf;um qufvufwGef;vSef &yf wnfEkdifa&; tm;xkwfae&csdef/ tzdESdyfcH jynfolvlxkukd awmf vSefaomvlxk}uD;jzpfvmatmif tbufbufu 0kdif;0ef;tm;ay;r_ rsm; yDjyifpGm rvkyfEkdifao;csdef/ ukd,fhbufu tiftm;,kwfavsmh enf;yg;aecsdefwGif &efoltm; aph pyfaqG;aEG;&ef urf;vSr;f r_uadk wmh t&Sufuif;rJhaom ol±l;awGom vkyf=uayvdrfhrnf? ppftkyfpku a':atmif qef;pk=unfEiS hf awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&; vkyf&ef tpOfwpkduf a&Smif&Sm;cJh onf? ESpf&Snfvrsm; aetdrft us,f c sKyf x m;vk d u f / aetd r f t us,fcsKyfu v$wfay;vkduf/ vlxk
pmrsufESm 6
pnf;±kH;a&; c&D;pOfrsm; pwifvm v#if vk H ò cH a &;ta=umif ; jyum jyefzrf;xnfhvkduf/ vGwf&ufaph v#if jyefv$wfay;vkduf/ pnf;±kH; a&; c&D;pOfaemuf vkdufaESmuf ,Sufum toufukd tE W&m,fðy vmonft h xd }uHpnfco hJ nf? a': atmifqef;pk=unfukd jy\em vkyfvkduf/ jyefaqG;aEG;vkduf/ w &m;pGJvkduf/ jyefav#mhay;vkduf/ oduQmwifvkduf/ ±_wfcsvkdufjzifh t±l;. yvkdif;xJ a&mufaeaom zm;uav;waumifozG,f pdwf ul;&wkdif; vkyfcsifovkd vkyfae.? ppftkyfpkonf aiGpuUL awGvnf; eif;uefxkwf.? vlxk rSmawmh rGJ+yD;&if;rGJaeavonf? Ekid if jH cm;rS pD;yGm;a&; ydwq f @dk c&H rnf ukd ppftkyfpk a=umuf&GHŒ.? ‚if;wkd@ &or# Ekid if jH cm;aiGawGrmS ‚if;wk@d t wGuf aumif;pGm taxmuftul ray;Ekid ?f rormaom vkyif ef;rsm; . xkH;pHtwkdif; jznfhIokH;I r avmufEidk =f u? ‚if;wk@d t;dk tdrpf nf; pdrfESifhtouftE W&m,fukd ae@pOf ESifhtr# pkd;&drfa=umufvef@ae=u &aomppftkyfpkrSm vl,kHrsm;vuf oyfarG;Ekdifa&; ay;urf;axmufyHh zkd@&ef aiG t+rJwrf; vkdae.? xkdaiG rsm;jzifhyif vufeuf0,f/ v_d%f acgif;wl;wmawGukd qufvkyfae =u&.? EkdifiHjcm;rSm ckd;a=umifckd; 0Suf &if;ESD;òryfESHxm;onfhwkdif pD; yGm;a&;vkyfief; ru|rf;usifaom a=umifh t±_H;omay:+yD;/ rvdrfhw ywf t"rR&,lxm;aom wkdif; jynfb¾maiGrsm;rSm ‚if;wk@d vuf xJ wpxufwp vkH;yg;yg;ðyef;wD; ae.? EkdifiHjcm;u &if;ESD;ðryfESHr_ rsm;/ pmemr_ t ul t nD r sm;ES i f h ausmufrsuf&wem o,HZmw wk@d udk vGwv f yfpmG a&mif;xkwEf idk f rnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ukdvnf; t irf;r& vkdcsifvsuf &Sdonf? ppf tkyfpktm; qufvufI pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqkd@jcif;onfom trSefuef qk;H jzpfa=umif; zGwo f xufnpfae &onfh Armjynfvlxk}uD;. t ajctaersm;u ajymjyae.? (3) ppf r S e f o nf h awG @ qk H aqG;aEG;a&; jzpfajrmuf&eftwGuf twkduftcHrsm;ESifh ppftkyfpkwkd@ tiftm;csdefcGifv#m nDr#aerS jzpf rnf / wbuf b uf u tif t m; }uD;rm;ygu ppfrSefonfh awG@qkH aqG;aEG;a&; jzpfEkdifrnfr[kwf[k qkd=uolrsm;vnf; &Sdonf? rdrdwkd@ bufu vufeufukdif wkdufckduf rnfh tiftm;tenf;i,f avsmh enf;aeonfhwkdif jynfwGif;jynfy zdtm;rsm;bufaygif;pkHrS 0kdif;0ef; jznfhqnf; =urnfqkdv#if ppfrSef pmrsufESm (7)odk@
ySR*h>0Dc;JG ,m uvkm'l.cG;J ,m'D; 'H>rd.jch.pH. uMwLI (13) tbhO (10) vgtD;uxdbUO< 2009 eHO
Volume(13) Issue(10)October, 2009
ph 5000 ua; [;xDO0H:tvDIcH 0hIzOtO [ko;yS:h xDO tD ; uxd b >.f (9)oD ˜ pD R cgql n g (ch . f t J p H . f ) p;xD.fzJ ph 5˜000 uF; [;xD . f 0 H R tvD > f c H uD > f y ,D R ˜ unDuD>fpJ.f 0h>fz.ft.ftylR [ko; tyS‹RxD.f0J vDRvDRqDqDt*h>f oh.f ngb.fe‹.fvDR$ ??RuGHmf [ko; yD.f v>tyl qgrG‹ wovD; (w>fEk.fxH'>CD; zs>.f) (950)uF;e‹.f cJtHR uJxD.f0J (1˜100)uF;˜ pH.f,.f wovD; (750)uF; ql(850)uF; [ko; tr; wovD; (500)uF; xD.u f Rh (650)uF;e‹.fvDR$ cD z sd v > [k o ;tyS ‹ R xD.f owl>fuvmftCd xHzduD>fzd wz.f td.f'D; w>fb.f,dmft*h>f eD>f 0g0g td.fv>z.ft.f0h>fw*R pH;b.f 0J ch.t f pJ .H f 'ftRH “yrh>u f >G [ f o k ;t yS‹RxD.ftHR w>fb.f,dmftvD>ftd.f oyS>fuw>>fvDR$ tcJtHR'.fvJmf p;xD . f t o;vH e ‹ . f ywJ t D R oh vDR$” t0JpH;u'D;0J “cDzsdph 5˜000 uF; [;xD.f'ftHRtCd yyS‹Rw>ftcg w>fuDw>fcJtd.fxD.f˜
vDRqD'.fw>f zJyRS b.f[.h u f Rh phvRD zSH.ftcge‹.fvDR$ tCd w>fzdw>fvHR tyS‹Rwz.f uxD.foyS>fuw>>f vDR$ tcJtRH yxH.b f .f ph 100uF;˜ 200 uF; toDwz.f w>fwxk; xD.ftDRv>Rb.f$ phv>ttd.foh.f wz.fph>fuD; rh.f'.fvD>fvHRzDC;w z.fvDR$ rh>fvJRto;'ftHRo>ys>R w>fb.f,dmftvD>f td.fv> uD>fy ,DRtrkmfusdR0JRuGmfe‹.fvDR$” q>uwD>fcJtHR v>0h.f z.ft.ftylR yo>0g˜ yo>*DR˜ n.f˜ o'D.˜f wclw>H ˜f n.ft.k ˜f od˜ tHo.f˜ w>fq>url.f'D; w>fzdw>f vHRv> wrh>f[ko;wz.f tyS‹Ru vHRxD.f vDRvDRqDqD wtd.f'H; b.f$ uD>fy,DRphw>;cd.foh.f bd;b.f&RvDR0J cDzsduD>fy,DRy'd.f tuGJ;[lxH.fzsg (MRTV)tylR zJvgpJ;yxhb>.f 24oDteHR pH;0J˜ p;xD.fvgtD;uxdb>.f 1oDteHR e‹.f ph 5˜000 uF;tHR ub.fw>fp; xD.foltDR'D; phv>ttd.fymfp>Rw z.fp>h u f ;D w>fot l RD zd;oJp; oh';H 0J
e‹.fvDR$ vgpJ;yxhb>.f 25oD˜ uF‹rd.fw>fupD.fymfzsg0J v>e‹.fyFH.f wD.ftphw>;cd.foh.f uxk;xD.f&R vDRph 5˜000 uF;tHR qlxHzduD>fzd wz.fttd.f zJ 2009eH.f˜ vgtD; uxdb>.f 1oDteHR zJphw>;td; xD . f t q>uwD > f v>ph w >;cd . f oh.f˜ y'd.ftphw>;'D; phw>;t*R wz.ft*h>f bd;b.f&RvDR0J v>w>f upD.ftylRe‹.fvDR$ ph 5˜000uF ; 0J t H R tvJ>ftd.f0J 57phwH.frHx>.f˜ t vG>J t f *DR phe>D *f >H f b.fw>fp;J usH; tDR v>udRvR'D; y,DRusdmf˜ trJmf ngwcD td.f'D;uqD0gw>f*DR˜ t vD>fcH td.f'D; bsD.f'd.fc>.fp;w>fol.f xD.t f w>f*RD e‹.v f RD $ rk>ef RH zJo;k y'd.f bd;b.f&RvDR0J v>tuxk;xD.f ph 5˜000uF;tHRe‹.f xl˜ phv'J ;D [k o;yS‹Rwz.f w*>>fwus>Rv>R wkR'.fvJmf w>fqgw>fyS‹R td.fu wD>fCmfto; 'D;w>fb.f'db.fxH; td.fxD.fph>fuD; v>uFD.fwJ.f=y,DR uD>fq> phxDvJtyS‹Re‹.fvDR$
vDItdOurSH yS:bOuDzv d U tChIxDOwI'k;wI,:ohOwzO bOwIr:CH;tgxDO tD;uxdb>.f 2oD? pDRohrFH; (ch . f t J . f p H . f ) v>w>f'k;tCd unD b.fuDb.fcJzdv> tCh>fxD.fEkmf vDRtd.fu'kv> uFD.fwJ.fuD>fylRoh.f wz.f 'fod;uuhRu'guhRv> t up>fw>ftd.fw>fqd;tvD>ft*D>f wvgtHR p;xD.foDoDe‹.f uDF.fwJ.f ySRb.frlb.f'goh.fwz.f [h.fw>f qD.foeH; v>ySRb.fuDwz.ftzD cd.ftgxD.ft*h>f vD>ftd.furSHySRb.f rlb.f'gwz.f pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ 'Ju0DR v>unDb.f uDb.fcJzd EkmfvDRtd.fu'k zJuD>f uFD.fwJ.f˜ w;cfuD>f&h.f˜ x.fpD.f,g uD>fq.f˜ ed.fbdo0DylRtHR uDF.fwJ.f ySRb.frb l .f'goh.w f z.f Ekmv f RD orH ord;0J'.f ySRb.fuDzd eD.f*H>fp&Dud; eHR'J; 'D;w>ftd.fo;cJtHRtuwD>f ySRvD>ftd.furSH b.fuDoh.fwz.f v>u[;xD.fw>fcs>t*D>f vhRw uhR w[h.f0JtcGJ;b.ftrJmfng rh > f [ ;xD . f w >f c s>e‹ . f t0J o h . f
rR0JtywD>fwkRv> w>fxl;xD.f uGHmfv> ySRrHRp&DylRt*h>f 'Ju0DRySR b.frlb.f'goh.fwz.f pH;0J'.fe‹.f vDR$ “ud;eHR'J;EkmfvDR orH ord;0J'.f o0Dzo d .h w f z.fv> 'Ju 0DRylRe‹.v f RD $ tywD>w f Rk '.fvmJ v f > 'Ju0DRzd uvJRuhRCktD.f w>f'D; w>fv.f zJtbl; 'D;w>fuydmfuyR emfuh w[h.f0JtcGJ;b.f$ uG>fzJt 0Joh.f tJ.f'd;rHord;0JtuwD>f EkR vDRorHord;0JvDR$ wtd.f'D; w>f [JxH.fwJoud;w>f'D; y0J'Ju0DR ySRb.frlb.f'goh.fwz.fb.f$ ySR v>tvJRCktD.f w>f'D;w>fv.f v>tbl; 'D;o0DuyRoh.fwz.f w>fxk;uGHmftp&DcJv>mfe‹.f td.f0J vDR$ ySReD.*f >H pf &Dv>ywD>zf sgxD.f 'D; t0Joh.fp&De.‹ f wb.fvdmfo;b.f$ yySReD>f*H>fp&De‹.f t0Joh.f pH;0Jv> tur>fe.‹ v f RD ”t*h>f 'Ju0DR ySRb.f rlb.fw*R pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ vD>ftd.furSHySRb.fuDzd
w*R pH;0Jv> “t0Jo.h f (uF.D w f .J )f ySRb.frlb.f'goh.fwz.f [JoHu>G f ySReD.*f >H pf &D ud;rk>ef RH vDR$ y0Jemfuh yb.f p H ; q> w>f t 0J t H R ud ; rk>feHR'J;vDR$ w>fu>>fxD.fyo;vH˜ rh>f[;xD.fw>fcs>emfuh weHRtHR u[JuhR{g˜ rhw[JuhRb.fe‹.f w>fxk;oHuHGmftrHR v>p&DylRvDR$ rh>frR0J uh>f*DR'ftHR wnDb.f$ cDzsd ytd.fv> yo0Dwoh˜ yCh>fxD.f vDR$ tcJtHR t0Joh.f rRu'D;ySR 'ftHR wvDRqD'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;˜ y,DRok;v>Rb.f”t*h>f pH;0J '.fe.‹ fvDR$ ySRb.frlb.f'gv> t [JEmk o f rHord; ySRvD>t f .d u f rH'S u J 0DRoh.fwz.ftHR rh>f0J'.f cd.fe>fv> w>fzDcd.f w;cfuD>f&h.f˜ x.fpD.f,g uD>fq.f tywD>foh.fwz.ft*h>f uFD.fwJ.f ySRb.frlb.f'gv> t[H; e‹>f w>fbH.fw>fb>w*R pH;0J'.f ch.f tJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$ t0JpH;0J'.f “ySRvD>ftd.f
urSHoh.fwz.f w>fw'k;[;xD.f w>fcs>b.fe‹.f b.f,dmf0J cd.fe>f oh.fwz.f rh>f[Je.‹ f xH.fw&SJb.ft rDR$ ySRv>txl;uGHmf ySRrHRp&Doh.f wz.f rh>f0J'.f cd.fe>fv>w>fzDcd.f t w>f r RvD R $ t0J o h . f rh > f E k R vD R orHord;w>fv> 'Ju0DylRe‹.f y0J oh.femfuh yb.fvlRydmf t0Joh.fcH vDR$ wbsDwcD.f zJt0Joh.f EkmfvDR orHord;ySReD>f*H>fp&DtuwD>f ySR v>wtd.foh.fwz.f r>yrReD.fC; 'D;woDrw h [JuRh b.fe.‹ f t0Jo.h f eJ.fvDR0Jv> yeD[;xD.fuHmG ftDRv> 'Ju0DRcsRvDR$” ySRvD>ftd.furSHb.fuD oh.w f z.ftRH 'Ju0DRylR rhwrh>f o0D tcs> vhRwuhR [;xD.fwe‹>f b.f˜ ySRb.frb l .f'gv>tuG>x f rJG R p>R ySRvD>t f .d u f rHw S *R 'do.l 'f o d ; 'D; pH;0J'.f'ftHR “o0Dzdoh.fwz.f tH R b.f t D . f ' .f r h R ˜ n.f t k . f x H ud;rk>feHR'J;vDR$ rh[;xD.frRw>f v>w>fcs>r; ue‹>fb.f0J phwqH
cHq'H ;D uySR‹ tD.b f .f 'h.zf n d .fzv d > tb.fo;tD.f0Jwz.f˜ 'D;v>w>f e‹.ftCd ,'dol.f'do;v>t0J oh.ftzDcd.fvDR$” ySRvD>ftd.furSHb.fuD oh.w f z.ftRH cDzsdv> weH.t f RH vg ,lRp;xD.t f uwD>f y,DRok;'D; 'H.f ch.fbH.fth.fok;wz.f xD.f'k;0J ch.ftJ ,lR ok;uh(7)[D.fu0DRtCd b.f Ch>fxD.f0J'D; w>ftd.fo;cJtHR t0J oh.f uuhRtd.fuhR w>fvD>fv>td.f qd;0Jwz.fwcDuhRwoh˜ uFD.fwJ.f ySRb.frlb.f'gwz.fph>fuD; pH;u wdR[h.fw>fqD.foeH;tgxD.ftCd w>f*h>fuDv> t0Joh.f b.fu>G fq>.f rJmftHR qlrJmfng okwtd.fv>Rw *hRt*D>f 'Ju0DRySRb.frlb.f'goh.f wz.f ChouGH>fun;xD.f0J'.f v>ySR[l;*JRrRw>fv> ySRcGJ;,mfu &>oh.w f z.f rh>'f o f ;d uCJ>v f RD bSg &SJp>Re‹>f t0Joh.f w>f*h>fuDoh.fw z.ftHRe‹.fvDR$ ed.fbd'Ju0DRtHR tylR
unDw>upD.w>y&X/ vgtD;uxdbX./ 2009 eH./ ubsH;yR = 1
uGHmf vD>ftd.furSHySRb.fuD teD>f*H>f td.f0J'.f (500)tuydmfuyRemf uh cDzsdv> uFDwJ.fySRb.frlb.f'g oh.fwz.f tw>fqD.foeH;tu vkmfuvkmftCd ySRv>td.fqd; v> 'Ju0DRylRoh.fwz.f teD.f*H>fpSR vDRuGHmf0J'D; cJtHR ySRtd.fuhR'.fxJ (300)bsJvDRe‹.f yoh.fngb.fe‹.f vDR$ v>w>f'k;w>f,RtCd w>fvD>fv> ySRo0DzdCh>fxD.foh.f wz.f rh>0f J rJp&H˜ ed.b f ˜d tlo.l x f .f w>fv>D o f .h w f z.ftRH uF.D w f .J yf RS b.f rlb.f'goh.fwz.f 'k;td.fy}wDRymf 0J'D; ylRuGHmfvgtDul;pfxD.foDt uwD>fe‹.f uFD.fwJ.fySRb.frlb.f'D; 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h cf .d ef >fo.h w f z.f td.'f ;D w>ftd.fzSd.f w>fxH.fvdmftd.foud; emfuh w>f&J>fw>fusJRv> uqS> u'guhR ySRvDRtd.furSHoh.fwz.f t*D>fe.‹ f wuJxD.fvd.fxD.f0J'H;b.f t*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
u'J'u J ywkPwIc;t*DI raOJ uaiH Ol odcgz;'dO xk;xDO7:vD:vHP vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 30 oD / ch.ftJ.fpH.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f'D; 'H.fch.fbH.f th.f ySRzD.pf u k 0JRcHuyRv>mf ywkmf uGHmf w>fc;oHvdmfo; unDzdu'J 'J';D wcsK;v>eH.x f .D o f D [Jt.d w f Rk CDR'H;b.fe‹.f ywkmfuHGmfw>fc;vdmf o;t*h>f rFJ.fuFHil.f vD>fu0DRvDRqD oDcgz;'d.f b;'>.fw; ok;pe; xk; xD.f&RvDRvHmf zJr[gu>Re‹.fvDR$ oDcgz;'d.f eHRurSHzdt *DR'D; rFJ.fuFHil.fvD>fu0DRvDRqD tvHmfrJmfzs>.fv>vD>fcHwz.f uGJ; vD t o;wbh . f v > oD c gz;'d . f tvHmf p;xD.fe‹.f “v>w>fwymf o;tylR 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h u f &> [Jy>>f xD.fowl>fuvmf'D; ch.ftJ.f,l.f'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f unD'Duvkmf ySRzD.f pku0JR [Jtd.fxD.fcHzke‹.f cDzsdv> w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR tw>fChxD.ftCd [JuJxD.fo;”t*h>fe‹.f uGJ;zsgxD.f e‹.fvDR$ vH m f & RvD R wbh . f v > w>fxk;xD.frk>feHR wtd.f'D;oDcgz; 'd.fqJ;vDRpkrk>fus>>f wtd.fwbh.f tHR tvHmfvD>fcHuw>>fwq> ymf zsg0J v> “ySRzD.pf u k 0JR cHuyRv>mf [H;e‹>f w>frRvdv>w>fv>tylR uGHmf w>fwuJbsK;uJzSd.fwz.f 'D; u'J'J od.foDvdmfo;,>fcD,>fcD˜ w>fxH.fw>fqdurd.fv> wvDRy vdmfwz.f 'fod;uvDRyvdmfu'g uhRt*D>f ub.fxH.fvdmfw>.fyD.f oud;w>f” t*h>f ymfzsg0Je‹.fvDR$ b.fxGJ'D;w>f*h>ft0Je‹.f
ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh(7)cd.f ok;cd.f us>>fzd pDRuFDReHR pH;0Jv> “y0J yrR b.f * D > f w >f e ‹ . f td . f z ;,H m f v H ˜ uywkmw f >fc;t*D>f rh>w f eJ .‹ f 'H.cf .h f bH.fth.f ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D; etz 'D; [Jc;ySR'D; tRzH;uFH.f˜ rh.fyd>ft csHoh.fwz.ftcg yysJe‹>ft0Joh.f w>fvD>fwz.f˜ rh>fu>G fuhR0Je‹.f rh>fy o;vD w>frkmfw>fck.f{g˜ wo;vD {ge‹.f oh.fngtDR0JohvDR$ v>tylR uGHmfeH.foh.fwz.f t0J uGJ;0J vHmf 'ftHR'D; r>yuhRtd.fu'guhRv> oDcgz;'d.f tw>fu'ktzDvmfe‹.f vDR$ 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h f to;orlt.d 0f J 15 eH.fvH$ rh>frR0J 'fetz r>tDR tod;'D; rh>fw'Do'>0J'.f y0Ju nDuvkmrf >h w f e‹>b f .fe.‹ f 'ft0Jo.h f wJtw> uJxD.fwohb.f$ uGJ; vHmf'D; rh>f'k;eJ.fzsgxD.f0J w>ftrd>f vHRtrd>fyS>f rh>fwe‹>fb.fe‹.f tcDy nDwtd.ef w D rHRb.f”t*h>ef .‹ f t0J wJb.f ch.ftJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$ tyl R uG H m f vg,l R u wD>f cDzsdv> etz ok;qD.fxD.fe‹>f tcHtCd 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h f xD.'f ;k 0J ch.f tJ.f,l.f ok;uh(7)tcg ch.ftJ.f ,l.f ymfwh>fuHGmf0J ok;uh0JRvD>fcd.f oh.f 'D;ok;&h.fw>fvD>fwz.fe‹.fvDR$ tge‹.fte‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;wz.f ymfz.dS x f .D t f o;'D; etz ok;wz.f qJ;xD.f'k;u'D;0J ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok; uh(6) 'D;ok;uh(5)e‹.fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;tHR td.fv> rFJ.fuFHil.f oDcgz;'d.f tw>f wDcd.f&d.frJtzDvmf wkRv>uwD>f
etz ok;wI[l;wI*J:vU chOtJO,lO ok;uh(&) [JtOd xDO
Photo-KIC rFJ.fuFHil.f vD>fu0DRvDRqD oDcgz;'d.f b;'>.fw ; ok;pe;
tHRtCd oDcgz;'d.ef .‹ f rh>yf RS t&h'.d f uw>>fw*R'D; [h.fvDRw>fuvk>f 'D;eJ.fvDR0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f cd.fe>fv> x;cD oh0'J .ft*h>ef .‹ f ok;cd.u f s>>fzd pDRuFDReHR wJzsgxD.fe‹.fvDR$ zJtylRuGHmf vgtDulmf uwD>f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 999 'k;,Rcd.f ok;cd.u f s>>fpd pDRcF;H ol.f pH; 0Jv> 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h f o;vD0J w>frmk f w>fck.f'D; uvkmf'D; w>fbl.fw>fbg u*kRxD.yf oDx.D t f *D>f b.frR0Jv> rFJ.fuFH.fil.f oDcgz;'d.f tw>feJ.fvDR tod;'D; unDo0Dzd'D;ySRb.fuD b.fcJzd v>[JCh>fxD.f v>uD>f q>wz.f 'fod;uhRu'guhRv> t0Joh.f tvD>ftd.fvD>fqd; woh
t*D>f ch.ftJ.f,l.f 'd;vDR0J rh.fyd>ft *h>fe‹.f vdmfuGD>f0J'D;xk;xD.fvHmf&R vDR wbh.f'H;e‹.fvDR$ rFJ.fuHFil.foDcgz;'d.f xk; xD.f&RvDRvHmftzDcd.f 'fod;uoh.f ngb.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f cd.fe>f'd.fxD v>x;cDwz.f tw>fxH.fw>fymf o;t*D>f ch.ftJ;pH.f qJ;usd;oHu>G f 0J'.foemfuh w>fqJ;usd;we‹>f b.f$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.ftHR xk;z; o; 'D;unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> (ch.ftJ.f,l.f) zJ 1994eH.f0HRtvD>f cH uhRymfzSd.frRoud;uhRw>f'D; etz 'D;p;xD.f'k;td.fxD.fo; zJ vg'H.fpJb>.f 21oDe‹.fvDR$
cDzsv d U'HOchObHOthO wIuGI[kOuGIpkItCd o0Dzw d ItdOwIqd;CH;xDO vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 23 oD / pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) unDuD>fpJ.f˜ 0D>f&DuD>f q.f[.D u f 0DRylR rJ>u f o;o0Dzw d z.f p;xD.f zJvgtD;uxdb>.f 20 oDtvD>fcH b.fw>frRCHmforHo rd; w>fvJRw>fuhRtgxD.fv> u nD bl;';ok;rk>f'd.f ('H.fch.fbH.fth.f) ok;wz.ftCd cJtRH t0Jo.h w f z.f b.ftd.f0J'.f v>w>fCH;w>fphRt ylRe‹.fvDR$ ySRo0Dzdw*R pH;0Jv> “'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h f ok;wz.f b.f,md 0f J o0Dzdwz.f uvDR_yHvDR_yguGHmft Cd o0Dzd zJr>J u f o;˜ Cd.f o>zs>.f w>f v D > f w z.f uvJ R bl . f x l bg,GR'.fvJmf b.fw>forHord; tDR v>uvJRzJvJ>f˜ uhRzJvJ>f$ e td.frJ>fuo;'D; uvJRql rJwu yRemfuh w>fbd.fv>t'd.foh.fw z.f evJRpdmfCkmf we‹>fb.f$ erh>f vJRck;emfuh erh>v f RJ v>*DR'D; [gcD
weHRCD eb.f[JuhRrH v>'>;wkR twkR$ zD.fCH;0J'.f ySRo0Dzdoh.fw z.f'ftHRvDR$ uD>folvhR(ch.ftJ.f ,l.f) td.ftq>uwD>f ySRo0Dzd oh.fwz.f CktD.fCktDb.f0J'.f
w>fe‹.ftCd o0Dzdoh.fwz.f Ch>f xD.f0HRtvD>fcH 'fod;'D; o0Dzdoh.f wz.f okwCh>fxD.fuHmG fu'D;v>mf w*hRt*D>f rRCH;xD.f0J'.f w>ftd.f o;'ftHRt*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
etdOzJrIJ uo; 'D;uvJ:ql rJwuy:ePuh wIbdOv>t'dOohOwzO evJ:pdPCkP we>IbO< erhIvJ:ck;emfuh erhIvJ:vU*D:'D; [gcD ebO[Ju:h rH vU'U;wk:twk:... n.foh.fwz.f ySJR'D;w>fobs›e‹.f vDR$ cJtHR we‹>fcJG; v>urRw>f eDwrHRv>Rb.f$” cDzsdv> 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;oh.fwz.f c;vDRusdv>o0DylR tCd rJ>fuo;o0Dzd(16)*R˜ [H.f 'l.(f 4)'l.f zJvgpJ;yxhb>.f(18)oD teHRe‹.f Ch>fxD.fuHGmf0J'.fv> uFD.f wJ.u f >D ˜f p.fcs&.fbRl &HRe‹.v f RD $ v>
b.fC; ySRo0Dzdoh.fw z.f Ch>fxD.fuGHmft*h>ftHR zJvgpJ; yxhb>.f(16)oDeHR cDzsdv>ok;cd.f th.0f grfwcD .d &f Rd rJ0'J .f 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h f ok;&h.feD.f*H>f (905)ok'h(5)ok;zd wz.f c;vDRusdz;'d.v f > o0DyRl t Cd o0Dzdwz.f td.fwbl.fv>R'D; Ch>fxD.fuGHmf0J'.fqluD>fq>t*h>f ySRo0Dzd zJe.‹ fw*R pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$
t0JpH;0J “zJvgpJ;yxJb>.f(16) oDeHRe‹.f rh>fv>'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;&h.f (905) ok;'h(5)ok;cd.fth.f0grf u vJ R v>rJ > f u o;tuwD > f zJ t wk R CD R v>obR0.f o 0D t cg ucDCDxHusdtq>uwD>f c;0J'.f (M79)o>zs>.f 'D;usdzdtxH.f o>qH zJo0DyRl e‹.v f RD $ emfuo h 0Dzd tw>fb.f'db.fxH;wtd.fb.f$Œ c;usd0HRtvD>fcH t0Joh.f ydmfxD.f xHusdzd'D; 'Jv>tbl;'D;xHusd vG H > f z s>.f t0J o h . f c ;u'D ; 0J ' D ; usdzdtxH.f wqHe‹.fvDR$ cDzsdv> t0Joh.f [;c;w>f'ftHRtCd ySR o0Dzdoh.fwz.f ysHRw>f'D; ySRtd.f v>rJ>fuo;o0Dcs>wz.f 'Jrh>f*hR˜ [H.frh>f*hR˜ [H.f'l.f(4)'l.fCh>fxD.f uGHmf0J'.fv> xHyJRcHo0Dv> uD>f uFD.fwJ.fwuyRe‹.fvDR$” q>uwD>fcJtHR rJ>fu o;o0DtRH ok&.h (f 907) ok;*H>b f g td.f(50)bsJ.f v>ok;cd.feD>fw,>f
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtD;uxdbX./2009eH./ubsH;yR=2
vgtD ; uxd b >.f 8 oD / pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh(7) [D.fu0DR w>f}uJ>fuD>fq.fylR etz ok;}wdR 22 tzDvmf ok;&h.f t ok;usdRwz.f p;xD.fzJ wvgtHR vgxD.fe.‹ f p;xD.fEkmfvDR[l;*JR0J'.f t*h>fe.‹ f unDw>fxl.fzsJ; ok;rk>f'd.f KNLA ymfzsg0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ KNLA ok;&h.f 22 ok; &h.fcd.fcH ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDR'H.fuJGR pH;0J v> “tylRuGHmf 4=5 oDe‹.f cD.fchs ok;&h.f 208 ok;&h.f ok;usdR (1)'D; (2) p;xD.f[l;*JR0J'.fe‹.f yymfol.f ymfo;e‹.fvDR$ xHwdRuD>fo0Dv> td.fwbl;w,Hmf'D;ySRe‹.f vJRwkR0J '.f td.f0J (3)bsDvH$ v>ng wnD Ek>f vJRwkRv>o0DzJe‹.fb.f$ rhrh>f v>ok;usdR(2)e‹.f [l;*JR0J'.f zJw &HzduHGwyR 'D;wkRv>cJtHR tw>f [l;*JR vDRvDRqDqD'k wxH.fb.f 'H;b.f”t*h>ef .‹ f t0Jp;H 0J'.fe.‹ v f RD $ b.fxJG'D; etz ok;p; xD.f[l;*JRw>f zJw>fCh>fxD.fuwD>f 'ftHRtzDcd.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f eJ.f&JG.fo CJR(1) ok; cd.f'd.fzd pDRv;iG‹.f pH;0J v> “w>wxH.fe.‹ f 'fod;u[H;e‹>f [D.u f 0DR w>f'.d pf t d *D>˜f emft.D u f Rh 0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fwohv>Rb.ft Cd [JxD.f0J'.fvDR$ b.frEkRtCd vJ.f 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h w f yR vDRuGmH t f g wv>tCd ySReD>f*H>fwtd.ftgv>R b.f$ v>cHwxH.fe‹.f t0Joh.fok; v>td.fymfp>R zJe‹.fwz.ft*D>f u [JrRySJRxD.f ok;*H>fbguohoh.f vDR$ [D.fu0DRzJe.‹ f rh>fpJ;jyJ;[D.fu 0DRtCd urR0J w>f'k;&J.fusJRt*D>f uJxD.fwohb.f”t*h>f pH;0J'.fe‹.f vDR$ [D.fu0DRzJe‹.f rh>f0J'.f [D.fu0DRwcgCDv> tylRuGHmf vg,lRuwD>f etz ok;'D; 'H.fch.f bH.fth.f ok;uh(3)bh.f ymfzSd.fxD.f o; 'D;[JxD.f'k;0J ch.ftJ.f,l.f[D.f u0DR 'D;cDzsdv>w>fxD.f'k;tCd vD>fu0DRunDurs>>f 4˜000 bsJ.f Ch>fxD.fv> uD>fuFD.fwJ.f w;cfuD>f
&h.f˜ x.fpD.f,guD>fq.fylRe‹.fvDR$ [D.fu0DRzJe‹.f etz ok;'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;ymfzSd.f [H; e‹>fuHmG f0HRtvD>fcH 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok; wz.f [l;*JR0J'.f 'D; etz ok;}wdR tzDvmf ok;&h.f tok;usdRwz.f p;xD.f[l;*JR0J'.fv> z.ft.fuD>f&h.f 'ftHRe‹.f tw>fynd.futd.f0J wrHR rHRt*h>f ch.ftJ.f,l.f z.ft.fuD>f&h.f w>f}uJ>fuD>fq.fcd.f y'd.fpDRb;wH; zd pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (7) [D.fu0DRe‹.f etz'D; 'H.fch.fbH.f th.f ok;ymfzSd.f [H;e‹>fy>0J td.f0J'.f (5)vgvHoemfuh cDzsdv> unD w>fxl.fzsJ;ok;rk>f'd.f pJ;jyJ;c;0J 'H.f ch.fbH.fth.fok;wz.f 'D;rh.fyd>f yd>fz; xD.fxDbdtCd uG>fq>.frJmfb.f w>fb.f'db.fxH; tg0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ ok;uh (7) [D.fu0DRylR p;xD.f zJvg,lRwkRv> vgpJ;y xhb>.fvgtv>mfe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.f th.fok;zd oH 117*R˜ b.f'd 316 'D; [JuRh rRoud;uhRw>f 'D;ch.t f .J f ,l.ftd.f0J 28*RvDR$ 'fe‹.ftod; e tz ok;wyR oH 18*R 'D;b.f'd 28*Rt*h>f oh.fngb.f cDzsd ch.ftJ.f ,l.f ok;uh(7) 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f w>f rReD.fp&Dymfzsg0JtCde.‹ fvDR$ cDzsdv> 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;zdwz.f uG>q f >.frmJ b f .f w>ft.d f o;'fe‹.ftCd t0Joh.f qdrd.fv> uFD.fwJ.fo0Dzdwz.f rR0Jw>fqJ; usd;'D; KNLAtCd zJtylRuGHmf vgtD;uxdb>.f 2oD [JcDCDR v>uFD.fwJ.fuD>fwyR'D; 'd;vDR0J'.f rh.fyd>foh.fwz.ft*h>fe‹.f 'fuFD.fwJ.f o0Dzdwz.f wJyF;0Jtod; oh.fng b.fe‹.fvDR$ ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (7) [D.fu0DRylR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 555 'D; 999 tzDvmf ok;&h.fw z.f'D; ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (7) tzD vmf ok;&h.fwz.f [l;*JR0J'.ftod; etzok;wz.f p;xD.Ef mk v f RD [l;*JR w>fzJ wvgtHR vgxD.fe‹.fvDR$
wDcd.f&dRrJ0JtHR uG>f[k.fu>G fpk.f0J'.f rJ>fuo;o0Dzd ud;uwD>f'J;'D; rh rh>fv>obR0.fo0DwwcD ok;&h.f (905)ok;'h(5)ok;cd.t f .h 0f grf wDcd &dRrJ0J *H>fbgutd.f(40)tHR [H;rl 'g cd;uG>f0J'.f o0Dzdwz.fe‹.fvDR$ rJ>fuo;o0DtHR td.folvDRto; v> Cd.fo>zs>.f uvHRpd;wuyR 'D;,Hmf0J (10)uHvdrHRx>.f'D; [H.f
'l.ftd.f0Jt'l(150) bsJ.fe‹.fvDR$ w>ftd.fo;cJtHR o0Drk>fxD.fwu yRe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;&h.f(907) td.fqd;0J'D; o0DC>R0;w&H;e‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;&h.f(16) tySRok;zd oh.fwz.f [l;*JRtd.f0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
o0Dzw d zO bOwIrUqlOr:wI vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 30 oD / pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) unDuD>fpJ.f vl>fysJ>f'D; w>f}uJ>fuD>fq.fylR unDo0Dzdw z.f uG>fq>.frJmfb.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok; tw>fr>ql.frRw>f 'D;x>ql.f phwz.ft*h>f vD>fu0DRzdwz.f pH; 0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;v> [l;*JRw>f zJ[.D u f 0DRwz.fe.‹ t f ylR vD>u f 0DRzd uG>q f >.frmJ b f .f w>ft.D f w>fuDw>fcJ xJvJ.foemfuh w uG>fe‹>fw>fv> vD>fu0DRzdwz.ft *D>fb.ftrJmfng t0Joh.fok;w>f vD>ft*D>f zJt0Joh.f tJ.f'd;r>0Jt od; r>0J'.ft*h>fe‹.f vl>fysJ>fo0Dzd
v>Rb.f$ zJ[JEkmfvDRv>o0DylRt cge‹.f ChtD.fqD˜ ChtD.fxd; w[h.f ySRtySRh eDwrHRb.f”t*h>f t0J pH;0J '.fe.‹ fvDR$ xJe‹.fwu;b.f 'fod; u[h.f0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;zdtoD usd.fphw>fqD.fxJGt*D>f 'fymfyeD.f0J tod; x>ql.0f 'J .fv> o0Dzw d z.f td.fph>fuD;t*h>f o0Dzdw*RCD0Je.‹ f qJ;wJ0J'.fv> “zJe‹.f0HRtvD>fcH ySRv>vJRuJ0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;zd toDt*D>f usd.fphw>fqD.fxGJ{g˜ w>fqD.fxGJt*Rwz.f ySRw*Rt *D>fe‹.f tpSRuw>>fwuv;vDR$ rhrh>fv>rk.furJ[H.fe.‹ f t0Joh.f Ch 0JpSRvDR$ rhrh>f[H.fv> td.f'D;zdo.f
ok;wzO 'fo;d uwh0J t0JoOh ok;wIvDIt*DI rU0J yvJ:useD I> tD: ohO0OvD:. vdObOohOvOtCd Ch0'J OvU y0Jo0Dzt d Od vD:. zJw0h J ok;wIvDItcgphIuD; ud;0J y0JoOh wzOvD:.. v>wtJ.f'd;ymfzsgtrHRw*R wJ b.f ch.ftJ;pH.f weHRtHRvDR$ “'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;w z.f 'fod;uwh0J t0Joh.fok;w>f vD>t f *D>f r>0JyvJRuseD >‹ t f RD oh.0f .f vDR$ vd.fb.foh.fv.ftCd Ch0J'.f v>y0Jo0Dzt d .d v f RD $ zJw0h o J ;k w>f vD>ftcgph>fuD; ud;0Jy0Joh.fwz.f vDR$ yrRuhRyup>fw>frRwcsK;
cGgrk.fueDRwzs>.fe‹.f tpSRuw>>f wuvD>fvDR$ o0Dzdwz.f [h.f0J we‹>fv>Rb.f$ [h.f0Jrh>fwe‹>fe‹.f b.fw>frRysHRrRzk;tDR”t*h>f t0J wJ0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ v>tylRuGHmfe‹.f ch.ftJ.f ,l.f ok;uh(7) [D.fu0DR vl>fysJ>f uD>q f .fyRl o0D't f rh>f w,h.zf u d ˜HG oh.fz;'hcH˜ 0.frHRusg 'D;o0Dt*R
wz.fylR 'fw>ftd.fo;uwD>ftHR tod; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f 'D; ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;wz.f [l;*JR0J'.ftCd vD>fu 0DRo0Dzdwz.f td.fv>ok;cHzkt b>.fp>R'D; b.f,dmf0Jv> uwl>f b.f0J w>fuqdrd.fur.f t0Joh.f e‹.fvDR$ xJe‹.fwu;b.fp;xD.f zJ wvgtHR vgxD.f wkRv>q>u wD>cf t J RH 'H.cf .h b f .H t f .h o f ;k wz.f cd; uG>f0J o0Dzdwz.f rh>ftw>fqJ; usd;td.f 'D;ch.ftJ.f,l.f td.fwtd.f tge‹.fte‹.f orHord;tgxD.f o0D zdv>t[;xD.fuhRvDRwz.ft*h>f e‹.f o0Dzdt*R pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ b.fxJ'G D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f rRtgxD.f w>forHord;t*h>fe‹.f KNLA ok;&h.f 22 ok;&h.fcd.fcH ok;cd.'f .d zf d pDR'H.u f RJG v>trh>yf RS v> ttd.fcd;uG>f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f w>f[l; w>f*JRcJv>mfbl;bl;wH>fwH>f wJ b.f ch.ftJ.fpH.fv>“'H.fch.fbH.fth.f wJ0J'.f o0Dzd[;xD.fuhRvDRe‹.f wrh>fw>f[;xD.fuhRvDR,d,db.f$ wJ0J'.fv> pdmfclol.f0J ch.ftJ.f,l.f w>ftD.f'D; w>fzdw>fvHRwz.fvDR$ w>ft0Je‹.ftCd w>fbH.fw>fb> t*D>f rR0J w>forHord;w>fvDR$ t0Joh.f('H.fch.fbH.fth.f) rR0Jw>f uFge‹.ftCd o0Dzdwz.fcJtHR u vJRyShRtD.f[ko;v> uD>fuFD.fwJ.f wyR we‹>fv>Rb.f”t*h>fe‹.f t0J pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$
b.fC;w>f*h>ft0Je‹.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f qJ;usd;oHu>G f0J 'H.fch.f bH.fth.foemfuh wpH;q>uhR0J w>feDwrHRb.f$ zJvgpJ;yxhb>.f 19 oD 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f 999 ok;uh bH.f b>ok;wzkv> ok;cd.f'd.fzd eD.f'‹G; wDcd.f &d.frJ0Jwzk [H;e‹>ftD.fql.f0J xHwdRuD>fo0Dzd txd;w'k zJw>f }uJ>u f >D q f .fyRl 'D;w[h.0f t J ySRh b.f e‹.f xHwRd uD>o f 0Dzw d *R pH;0J'.fe.‹ f vDR$ cDzsdv> 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f w>frR'ftRH tCd vD>u f 0DRo0Dzw d eDR wl>f0JwuJv>Rb.f'D; w,Hmf wrD>f [JCh>fxD.fv> uD>fuFD.fwJ.f w;uD>fq.fylR'D; wuwD>fCD b.f ,dm0f v J > uF.D w f .J t f ySRb.frb l .f'g uzD.ftDRtCd vJRtd.fu'kv> ySR v>t0Joh.fng0Jwz.f t[H.fe‹.f vDR$ zJtylRuGHmf vg,lRu wD>f etz 'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;w z.fymfzSd.f 'D; xD.f'k;[H;e‹>fuHmG f0J ch.f tJ.f,l.f ok;uh(7)[D.fu0DRylR u wD>ftHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 555 'D; 999 tzDvmf ok;&h.fwz.f [l; *JR0Jtod;e‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (7) tzDvmf ok;&h.fwz.f/ ok;uh bH.fb>ok;wz.f'D; unD'Duvkmf *>Ro;u&> (ch.ftJ.f'H.ftd.f)wz.f [l;*JR0J tz>rk>f'H;e‹.fvDR$
vgtD ; uxd b >.f 8 oD / ch.ftJ.fpH.f etz 'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;ymfzSd.fv> trR0Jw>f'k;&J.fusJR 'D; [l;*JRw>fzJ z.fy.l u f >D &f .h f ch.t f .J f ,l.f ok;uh(5)[D.fu0DRylRtcg x>zS.d C f mk pf >h u f ;D 0J ok;zdoeD >D *f >H w f bsDCt D *h>ef .‹ f ok;uh(5) KNLA ok;cd.fw*R pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ ok;uh (5) KNLA ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRusJR'd.f pH;0Jv> “uwD>ftHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f'D; etz ok;wz.f rR0J 'k;,R&J.fusJRtw>f [l;w>f*RJ zJbo k .d 'f ;D 'Gv J Rd uD>q f .f tzDvmfwyRtcg wuwD>fCD o0Dv> t0Joh.f vJRwkRwz.fylR x>zS.d q f .l 0f J ok;zdtoDe>D *f >H ef .‹ f ye‹>f b.fw>fupD.f”t*h>fe‹.f wJb.f ch.f tJ;pH.f tHRe‹.fvDR$ zJ x >zS d . f q l . f o k ; tcg ud;0J ySRo;eH.ftd.fxJvJ.fe‹.f w oh.n f gb.foemfuh t0Jo.h (f 'H.cf .h f bH.fth.f 'D;etzok;) eJ.fvDR0J'.f v> rhrh>fv>o0Du±l>f wu±l>fe‹.f ymfyeD.f0J ok;zdoDeD>f*H>f (12)*R 'D; [h.f0J rh>fwe‹>fe‹.f ub.f[h.f0J ph y,DR 12uvD>fuF;t*h>fe‹.f ok;cd.f 'd.fzd pDRusJR'd.f qJ;wJ0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ “rd>fy>fweDRe‹.f wtJ.f 'd;0Jv> tzdydmfcgG wz.f EkmfvDRv> ok;ylRb.ftCd qS>zsd;qdymfp>R v>w>fv>D t f *Re‹.f td.0f 'J .fe.‹ v f RD $ rhrh>fw>ftd.fo;uFge‹.fe‹.f t0Joh.f eJ.fvDR0Jv> ySR[Jrh>fwe‹>fe‹.f r>0J o0Du&l>f wu&l>ef .‹ f ub.f[.h 0f J 12 uuGJ>fuF;”t*h>fe‹.f t0J pH;0J '.fe.‹ fvDR$ unDuD>fpJ.fylR b.fxGJ 'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;wz.f EkmfvDR x>zSd.fql.fok;zdtoDeD>f*H>f'ftHR ch.f tJ., f .l f eJ.&f .JG o f CJR(1) ok;cd.'f .d zf d pDRv;i‹.G f ymfzsgxD.ftw>fxH.fw>f ymfo;v> “'f etz tuh>ft*DR od; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f tok;eD>f*H>f u uD>u f .DF w f .J f u.fc.F ef ;blR&HR z;[d.f b.ftd.fv> wuv;C.fC.fvDR$ w>fqg[H.fz;'d.f”t*h>fe‹.f t0JpH; uwD > f t H R tok ; eD > f * H > f t d . f x J 0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ 3˜000 bsJ.ftCd 'fod;urRySJR*H>f uwD>ftHR etz ok; wz.f rh>fvJREkmfvDRv> unDo0D wzs>.fzs>.fe‹.f b.f,dmf0Jv> o0D o;yS>furRw>fqJ;usd;'D; ch.ftJ.f ,l.ftCd zJrHv>rk>feRcDtq>u (2) ok;puDR pDRxHx;D wDc.d &f .d rf 0J J wD>f ud;e‹>0f 'J .f o0D o;yS>'f t f RH 'D; wzk pJ;jyJ;c;0J etz cD.fcs›ok;&h.f cDzsdv>rRw>f'ftHRtCd w>fc;u 356 ok;&h.f ok;usdR(1) wbsD r.ftd.fxD.f0J'.ft*h>fe.‹ f vD>fu0DRzd oemfuh cDzsdv> etzwyR oh.f ngqd0J w>f&J.fw>fusJRtHRtCd wz.f pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ zJeRH t0Je.‹ f rk>[ f gvDR 3 w>fb.f'db.fxH;wtd.fb.f$ etz cD.cf s›o;k &h.f 355 e.f&H.fbsJ.ftq>uwD>f unDw>f xl.zf sJ;ok;rk>'f .d f ok;&h.f (16) ok;'h 'D;356 ok;&h.fwz.f v>qDvDR
wIc;urOCd unDo0Do;ySIw*:bO'dqge; vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 29 oD / pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) y,DRok; cD.fcs›ok;&h.f 356 ok;&h.f ok;usdR(2) ok;zdw*R c;ur.f0J uF;thqh;uFHuD>fq.fylR o0Do;yS>fw*RtCd b.f'd0Je;0J '.fe.‹ f oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$ etz cD.fcs›ok;&h.f 356 ok;usdR 2 v>qDvDRo;zJ teguG‹ o0D zJtok;zdv> td.fcd;uhw*R vJRydmfpd>f0J ok;usdR 1 cD.fok;&h.f 355 ok;&h.v f >cDpF Rd tcg rH0v J > rJ pvH; (uG[ H )D o0DweRtcg zJ*RD cD wcsK;rk>fqh.fxD.fe‹.f c;ur.f0J'.f e‹.fvDR$ “uvJRydmfpd>f0J cD.fcs› ok;&h.f 356 ok;usdR (1)t*D>f ok; usdR 2 ok;wz.f [JwkR0Jv> rJ;p vH;(uGH[D)o0DylR zJvgpJ;yxh b>.f 27oDe‹.fvDR$ vJRwkRzJe‹.f rH td.fcd;0Jok;usdR(1) zJo0DylRe‹.f vDR$ zJeRt0Je.‹ f ud;rH0J o0Do;yS>f pDRuFDRv;'D;t0Joh.f ok;usdRe‹.f vDR$ rHugF e‹.'f ;D rk>q f gcDe.‹ f qDvRD 0J uhz;xD 'D;rk>feRcDe.‹ fqDvDR0Juhzk.f e‹.fvDR$ uhz;xD.f0HRtvD>fcH o;yhR
yxH . f b .f o0D o ;yS > f v > w>f c ;ur;tD R xD . f w >f q g[H . f
eD.u f ;d 0J o0Do;yS>f v>rH zJo.h x f .l f cD.x f ;H e‹.v f RD $ zJvgpJ;yxhb>.f 28 oD *DRcD 2e.f&.H b f s.J t f cg rlc.d pf Rl vDR tCd o0Do;yS>fv>trHe‹.f y>>f xD.f 'D;[H;e‹>f0J rdu.fv>trH'g wbh.f'D; zJEkmfvDR0Jv>[H.fzDvmf uwD>f v>cHok;zdv>td.fcd;uhw *R woh.fng0J'D;c;0J'.f” t*h>fe.‹ f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh(6) w>f&RvDR0JR usdRrl'gcd.f pDRxJe‹.f wJb.f ch.ftJ; pH.fe.‹ fvDR$ cDzsdv>c;ur.f0J 'fe‹.f tCd rJpvH;o0Do;yS>fv>o;eH.f td.f 34eH.f b.f0Jv> tcD.ftph.f wyR 4 xH.f˜ b.fv>cD.fe>.fcH 'D;
uH>f'l.f vDRbsJ;uGHmfoemfuh ok; usdRcd.fwvJRqS>0Jv> w>fqg[H.f b.f$ rhrh>fwcD [h.fvDR0J phtD.fvd; phy,DR 15˜000uF; 'D;r>0JvJRul qg,gbsg0Jv> teD>fup>fe.‹ f oh.f ngb.fe‹.fvDR$ vD>fu0DRzdw*R pH;0J v> “rJpvH;o0Dzdwz.f b.f[H; e‹>f0J ok;usdRtphtD.fvd; 'D;vJR,d; qS>0J o0Do;yS>f wkRv>Cd.fo> zs>.fw>fqg[H.f v>td.pf RD pkR,Hm'f ;D rJpvH; rH;vmf 20e‹.fvDR$ b.fq.f oemfuh b.f'd0Je; wkR'.fvJmf o; orlw>fb.f,dmftd.ftCd [H.fzdCD zd w>frRp>R'D; qS>0Jo0Do;yS>fql
'k;,:7JOus:J 'D; wIxUzSOd ok;zdtoDeID *HI ur:0JwbsC D D
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtD;uxdbX./2009eH./ubsH;yR=3
bgt*D>f vJREkmfvDRx>0Jv> ok; uh 7 [D.fu0DRylRoemfuh tok; *H>fbg wySJRxD.fb.ftrJmfng oH b.f'd0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ zJvJRx>0Jv> ok;uh(6)uwD>f uG>fq>.frJmfb.f urs>>f tw>fx'D ge‹.v f RD $ 'f etz ymfyeD.ftod; ub.fx>0J wkRt ySJRxD.f zJvgpJ;yxhb>.fwD>fylRo emfuh wv>xD.fySJRxD.fb.f$ tCd w&H;tcd.fv> ok;uh(5)wyR 'D; qJ;rR0J'.f”t*h>fe‹.f ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRv;i‹.G f pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f (777) uqD0gok;&h.fv> qDvDRo;zJ z.f yl.f0h>f/ (333) 'D; (666) ok;uhw z.f ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D; etz ok;&h.f w&h.f qDvDRtvD>f'D; [l;*JRw>fzJ bkod.fuD>fq.fzJ rJ;nd.f/ rJ;ck.fx.f/ rJ;rSx J .f 'D; w>fv>D t f *R 'D; zJ'v JG Rd uD>fq.fylRph>fuD; 'k;,R&J.fusJRtd.f 0J'.f wqH;wuh>f oemfuh teD>f *H>ftd.fxJvJ.fe‹.f woh.fngvDRwH>f b.f$ b.fxGJ'D;w>ftd.fo;0J e‹.f uoh.fngb.ft*D>f ch.ftJ;pH.f qJ;usd;0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f 0JRvD>fcd.f oh.f'D; w>fqJ;usd;0JR'>;tvD>fc>.f o; zJrFJ.fuFHil.fvD>fu0DRvDRqDo emfuhvDwJpdu;wH>fto;e‹.fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 333tHR v>tylRuGHmfe‹.f [l;*JR w>f zJch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh(1) 'D; ok; uh(3) [D.fu0DRtb>.fp>R oemf uh p;xD.fzJeH.f 2008e‹.f EkmfvDR [l;*JR0Jv> ok;uh(5) z.fyl.fuD>f &h . f y l R e‹ . f v D R $ xJ e ‹ . f w u;b.f etz ok;eD>*f >H f 19 cD.o f ;k &h.f 340˜ 341˜ 434˜ 216 'D;cD.fcs›ok;&h.f 218ok;&h.fwz.f qDvDRtvD>ft usJ zJz.fyl.f0h>fylRe‹.fvDR$ KNLA td.fv>ch.f tJ.f,l.f w>fwDcd.f&d.frJtzDvmf'D; rh>funDw>fxl.fzsJ;ok;rk>f'd.fv> t [l;*JR0J 'k;,R&J.fusJRoh.fwz.f 'D; ok;uh(5) [D.fu0DRylR KNLA ok;&h.f[l;*JR0J (4)&h.fe‹.fvDR$
o; zJuF;thqH;uFHuD>fq.f teg uG‹o0DylRtHR rh>f0J'.f puc (12) tzDvmf 'k;,R&J.fusJR (2) tzD vmf ok;&h.fwz.f 'D;wuwD>fCD etz cD.cf s›o;k &h.f 356tHR wl>b f .f 0J KNLA pJ;jyJ;tCd oHb.f'd td.f0Jttguw>>fe‹.fvDR$
wIulqg,gbsgwwk:xDOxDOb;tCd H1N1 yS:qgvU [Dow;wzO bOoHtOd vgtD ; uxd b >.f 13? egxl p .f (ch . f t J p H . f ) uD>fy,DRylR˜ th.f,.f0 wHmfuD>fcD˜ [Duw;0h>fylRtHR p; xD.f wvgtHRe‹.f (H1N1)xD;w>f qguJ x D . f o ; 'D ; yS R v>w>f q g b.fulb.f*mftDRoh.fwz.f cDzsdo; v>w>fulpg,gbsg wwkRxD.f xD.fb;tCd w-u>;oHb.f'D; b.foHtd.f0J'.ft*h>f w>foh.fng b.ftDR cDzsdySRv>tvJRxH.f0Jw *R wJ0Je‹.fvDR$ yS R v>tvJ R xH . f w >f w*R pH;0J˜ “'f,xH.b f .ftod; ySR v>t'd;e‹>fb.f w>fqgtHR tgw uh>f ySR 3eH.f'D; 16eH.ft&GJ.f˜ tgw uh>f rh>'f .fzo d .fwz.fe.‹ v f RD $ ySRo; yS>w f eDR 'd;e‹>b f .f0b J .fq.f teD>*f >H f td.f'.fv> tpSRvDR$ w>fqguJ xD.o f ; tyeD.o f .h w f z.fe.‹ f vDRysHR 'd.fr; w>fud>fxD.ftd.f0J'.f (102)
'H.u f &H.f wvDR0J'.fv>tzDvmf eD wbsDb.f$ 'D;xD.fwkRv> (103˜ 104)'H.fu&H.fr>fr>fvDR$ rh>frh>fv> zdo.fwz.f ud;*R'J;e‹.f b.foDo G H.G f e‹.fvDR$ zJv>,vJRwkRcHoDtwD>f ylRe‹.f ySRzdo.fo0H 'J .f o>*Re‹.v f RD $ ,e>f[l'H; v>cJtHRuwD>f'.fvJmf uJxD.fo; tz>rk>fe‹.fvDR$” ySRv>t'd;e‹>fb.f(H1N1) w>fqgwz.ftHR vJRulpgto; v>0h > f [ D u w; urs>>f w >f q g [H.fb.fq.f uoH.fuoDwtd.f v>ySJRb.f$ 'D;'fod;w>fql;w>fqg uvDRpS>ft*D>f uoH.fo&.fySRb.f rlb.f'gwz.f zJuoH.ftd.ftod; t0Joh.f ulpg0J'.fb.fq.f ySRqg weDRe‹.f w>fqgwudn.fvDRb.f trJmfng w>fqg[Je;xD.f td.f0J t*h>f ySRtd.fv>0h>fyoH.fv> vJR wkRv>w>fqg[H.fw*R pH;0J'.f e‹.fvDR$
ydmfrkmftHR pH;0J “zJv> ,vJRwkR [Duw;w>fqg[H.f tcg b.fzJw>fqguJxD.fo;t q>uwD>frDR˜ w>fqg[H.fylR ySRySJR vDR$ 'fyoh.fngtod; uD>fy,DR w>fqg[H.fwz.ftylR uoH.fw td.fb.f$ zJv>uoH.fwtd.fb.f tq>uwD>fe‹.f uoH.fo&.fw z.f [h.f'k;tD0J uoH.f yR&RpH.fu rD˜ '.fqgurl.fwz.fe‹.fvDR$ w>f qgwrHR [h.f'k;tD0J uoH.fwrHR tCde‹.f w>fqguudn.fvDR0J vJ.f$ ,xH.fb.fv>ySRqgweDRe‹.f [h.f'k;tDw>>fe>R0JxJ yR&RtCd tzH;bh.fo; [JuzdxD.f wzs>.f wzs>.ftd.f0J” t*h>f pH;b.f0J ch.f tJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$ ySRqgzJe.‹ o f .h w f z.f tg xJvJ.fe‹.f q>x>.fcD;w>fv> w>f qg[H.ftylR'.fvJ.fe‹.f w}wD>f b.f$ b.ftd.fcD;w>fv> w>fcs>w
eDRvDR$ v>ySRrRw>fv>w>fqg [H.fylRoh.fwz.fe‹.f rk>fCh>fvDRwkR cHe>f&.H v f rH ; wtD.b f .frRh 'H;b.ft *h>f ySR0h>fyoH.fzdw*R wJtgxD.f0J '.fvDR$ H1N1 w>f q guJ x D . f to;wz.ftHR wrh>fxJv> [Du w;[D.fu0DRtylRb.f$ v>th.f ,.f0wH.fuD>fcD[D.fu0DR 0h>fwz.f 'D;'lo0Dwz.ftylRph>fuD; w>fqg uJxD.fo;td.f0Jb.fq.f xHx.fpG‹ [D.u f 0DR ySRb.frb l .f'gwz.f 'fo;d xd;w>fqguJxD.fto;tHR w>f upD.f okw[;xD.fw*hRt*D>f t 0Joh.f}wDwHmfCmf0Jt*h>fe‹.f yoh.f ngb.ftDRe‹.fvDR$ b.fx'JG ;D H1N1 tw>f qgtHR 'fod; tokwb.fulb.f *mf&RvDRto;tgxD.fw*hRt*D>f xHuD>ftgbh.f ty'd.fyyS>f'.f0J usJ;p>;0J oyS>fyS>f cDzsd w>ftH;xGJ
uG>fxGJ˜ w>f'Do'>˜ w>f[h.fw>f oh . f n ge>f y >>f w z.f ql t xH z d uD>fzdwz.fttd.fe‹.fvDR$ b.fq.f rhrh>f uD>fy,DRtxHuD>fy'd.fwcD [H.f'l.fCDx>v> tb.fw>fqg tHRwz.f uwJzsgxD.f0J'.fvJ.f w e‹>fb.ftCd rh>fw>fvDRo;qgt *h>f ySRvD>fu0DRzdwz.f pH;0J'.fe‹.f vDR$ xHzduD>fzdv>[Duw; v>wtJ.f'd;ymfzsgtrHRw*R pH;0J “tcJtHR v>y[Duw;tylR cDzsd v>w>fb.forkmfw>fqgtHRtCd ySRoHutd.fvH qHqJ.f*RvHvDR$ b.fq.f v>xHuD>fy'd.fw>fupD.f vHmfylRwcD ymfzsgxD.f0J'.f xJ 2*R 3*RtCd rh>fw>fvDRo;qgz;'d.f vDR$” b.fxGJ'D; w>f*h>f0JtHR ch.ftJpH.fw>fupD.f qJ;usd;oHu>G f0J [Duw; w>fqg[H.f uoH.fySRrR
w>fzdb.fq.f t0Joh.f pH;q>0J v> uwJw>ftcGJ;t,mfwtd.f b.fe‹.fvDR$ zJvgtD;uxdb>.f 8 oDteHR ok;y'd.f tw>fupD.fv> trh>f uFr‹ .d f ymfzsgxD.0f v J > b.fC; 'D;[D.fcd.f'Dbh.f ySRulySRunD wd; uG‹w>fqg v>trh>f (New Influenza A-H1N1) xd;w>fqgtHR 'f od; w>fuywkmfCmftDRt*D>f uD>f y,DR ql.fcs›0JRusdR rRql.fxD.f t w>fzH;w>frR p;xD.fv> vgthjzh.f vHRvHRtCd wkRcJtHR'.fvJ.f w>f oHw>fyS>f wtd.f'H;b.f$ xJ'.fySR v>tb.fw>fymfyeD.ftDRoh v> tb.fw>fqgtHR (56) *Rtusg (50)*Re‹.f tw>ftd.fql.ftd.fcs›*hR xD.f0JvHt*h>f ymfzsg0Je‹.fvDR$
cDzsw d Iqg vUtbO*mfvPd o;wuvkP 7:vD:o;tCd vDItdOurSb H OuDzo d Ow*: to;orlbO[;xDOuGPH vgtD ; uxd b >.f 8 oD / egxlp.f (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) rkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f vlRoD uD>fq.f w>fqgb.f*mfwuvkmf v>tuJxD.fo;tHR pSRoDtwD>fylR w>fvD>f[D.fu0DR v>ySRvD>ftd.fu rSHtd.fqd;0J wJRbdysD 'D;wJRbdx.f 'lo0Do.h w f z.ft f ylR qJ;&RvDRo; tgxD.f0J'D; ySRv>tb.f*mf 'd;eŒ>f w>fqgwz.ftusg zdo.fw*R b.foHuHGmf0J'.ft*h>f yoh.fngb.f v> [D.fu0DRql.fcs›ySRrRw>fzd pH; b.f ySRtCdvDR$ “w>fqgtHR p;xD.fuJ xD.f zJylRuGHmfwEGHtwD>fylRvDR$ y oh.fngb.f w>fqguJxD.ftHR zJ wJRbdysD˜ wJRbdx.ftu0DR'D; rh>f 0J'.f uD>fylRvD>ftd.furSH ySRurs>.f b.fCh>fy,DRok;wz.f td.fzSd.f0J'.f tvD>fe‹.fvDR$ cJtHR pSRoDtwD>fylR ySRv>t'd;e‹>fb.fw>fqg b.f*mf vdmfo;wuvkmftHR teD>f*H>f td.f 0J'.f(180)bsJe‹.fvDR$ v>tusg ylRuGmH f woDco H eD .‹ f wJRbdx.f[.D f u0DR zdo.fv>to; td.fEHGeH.fw *R oHuGHmf0Jv>w>fqgtHRt*h>f” ch.ftJ.f,l.f˜ rkmf}wDRuD>f&.› f ql.fcs›rl 'gcd.f o&.f pDR0hu.DF f pH;b.f0'J .f ch.f tJpH.fe‹.fvDR$ pH ; tgxD . f u 'D ; 0J v > “w>fqgtyeD>fwz.f vDR*mfvdmf o;'D; w>fqgv>tuJxD.fo; zJ oh.frk>f'>˜ wRtdx.f[D.fu0DRw z.fe.‹ fvDR$ rhrh>fv>oh.frk>f'>[D.fu 0DRwuyRwcD w>ftd.fo;[J*hR xD.fuhR wpJ;pJ;vHb.fq.foemf
yxH.fb.f unDwoH.fo&.fw*R orHord;0J ySRb.f (wkyfauG;)w>fqg 'Dzdrd>f(2)*R zJrkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f/ vloDuD>fq.f[D.fu0DRylR uh w>fqguJxD.fo; td.f'H;0Jw eDR'H; 'D;zJy'Do'> rRvDRupS>fuHmG f w>fqgtHRtq>uwD>f˜ v>wJR bdysD 'D;wJRbdx.fwuyR w>fqg qJ;uJxD.f b.f*mftgxD.f0JtCd cJtHRytd.f'D;w>f&J.fw>fusJRv> y uvJR[h.f t0Joh.f w>foh.fnge>f
y>>f˜ ulqg,gbSg 'D;w>f'Do'> p>Rt0Joh.f w>fqgv>w>fvD>f[D.f u0D v>tuJxD.fo;wz.f“t*h>f t0JpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ ylRuGHmf vgpJ;yxhb>.f vgxD.fw0mfe‹.f w>fqgb.f*mfw uvkmf v>tp;xD.fuJxD.fo;
tHR cDzsdv>t&RvDRo; cs›o'H;t Cd ql.fcs›ySRr>fw>fzdwz.f b.f,d.f w>f'D; 'fod;'D; uoh.fngb.fw>f qgtuvkmfvDRwH>ft*D>f x>.f0H cs>ql.fcs›ySRrRw>fzdu&> &J.fusJR [H;e‹>f0J ySRv>tb.fw>fqg e;u w>>f(5)*Rtu[;0HR qS>rRuG>f
qluFD.fwJ.fuD>f˜ rJ;qD;w>fqg[H.f z;'d.foemfuh w>fpH;q>w[JeD wrHR'H;b.f$ w>f t d . f o ;cJ t H R rk m f }wDRuD>f&h.ftylR ySRurs>>f(700) bsJ.f 'd;e‹>0f 'J .f w>fqgtHR˜ 'D;cJtRH w>fqgqJ;b.f*mfu'D; vD>ftd.f
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtD;uxdbX./ 2009 eH./ ubsH;yR = 4
urSH ySRb.fuD w>fvD>ftoDwwDR v>trh>fwJRbdysD˜ wJRbdx.f[D.f u0DRtHR o0Dtd.f0J (21)zs>.f'D; ySR o0Dzt d eD>*f >H cf v J >mf td.(f 1˜700) bsJ.f td.f0J'.f v>w>fqguJxD.f wh>fo; zJoh.frk>f'>o0D uvHRpd; wuyRe‹.fvDR$
Ô oef;acgifxuf eufaom nOhfrsm; aqmif;yg;tquf æ aom awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;vkyfzkd@ ‚if;wkd@twGufaum wkdif;&if;om; vrf;yGifhvmEkdifonf[k jrifolu jynfolvlxk w&yfvkH;twGufyg jrifonf? txl;ta&;}uD;aom zGJ@pnf;ykHjzpf ppfreS o f nfh awG@qaHk qG; .? 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHukd jyifvkduf aEG;a&;rSm ,ckvkdtcsdefrsKd;Y ay: v#if ppftkyfpk acgif;aqmifrsm; aygufvmEkdifawmhrnf r[kwf? twGuf ukd,fhvnfyif;ukd,f "m; ppftkyfpkukd tiftm;jzifh rxdw puf a tmuf x k d ; oG i f ; vk d u f o nf h xd zdcsifI r&? ppftkyfpkESifh awG@ b0a&mufoGm;rnf jzpfovkdyif/ qkaH qG;aEG;=u+yD qkv d #i/f ‚if;wk@d a&; 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHukd rjyifqifbJ t qG J x m;onf h tajccH O ya'uk d aumiftxnfazmf usio hf ;Hk rnfqdk ajymif;vJjyifqifEkdifa&; b,fvkd v#ifvnf; wkdif;&if;om;vlxk}uD; !‡dE_dif;=urnfenf;? ‚if;wkd@ vkdcsif taejzifh aqGpOfrsKd;quf ppfzdeyf onfht&mawGukd vkdufavsmay; atmuf jym;jym;arS m uf & onf h Ekdifrnfvm;/ ukd,fvkdcsifwmawG taetxm;okd@ w&m;0if a&muf ukd awmif;qkdEkdifrnfvm;? &SdoGm;awmhrnf jzpfavonf? ppftkyfpkrSm ‚if;wkd@. tar&duefu ArmEkid if H vuf&Sd tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm; rysufpD; ESifh wkduf±kdufxdawG@qufqHa&; ravsmhyg;apa&;/ vGwfvyfpGm pD; rsm; vkyfrnf[kqkdum oHwref yGm;qufvuf&SmEkdifa&;ESifh wkdif; rsm;apv$wfae.? xkdif;ESifh tmpD jynf. o,HZmwtcsKd@ukd quf ,HtzGJ@uvnf;2010a&G;aumuf vuf vuf0g;}uD;tkyfEkdifa&;/ ‚if; yGJukd vGwfvyf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh wkd@ usL;vGefcJhor# jypfr_rsm;tay: a&G;aumufyGJ jzpfzkd@vkdonf[k qkd csrSwfrnfh jypf'%frsm;rS vkH;0 ae=u+yD;/ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJvkyf vGwfuif;Ekdifa&;/ wkdif;jynftm &mwG i f vk d t yf o nf h t ul t nD %m wpdwfwykdif;ukd qufvuf rsm;ukd ay;rnf[k xkdif;u urf; ukid pf x JG m;Ekid af &;wk@d twGuf ‚if;wk@d vSrf;vmae.? t"rRzefwD;xm;aom 2008 ckESpf wu,fawmh xkdudpP zGJ@pnf;ykHukdom vufrv$wfpwrf; rsm;rSm vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; tpDt taotvJ qkyfukdifxm;rnf jzpf pOft&qkv d #if ±k;d ±k;d vSr;f &rnfh ajc .? vSrf;ukd cGausmfvSrf;aeonfh udpP 2008 zG J @ pnf ; yk H o nf &yfrsm;om jzpfonf? t&ifOD;qkH;
ta&;w}uD;vkyf&rnfrSm 2008 tajccHOya'ukd wkid ;f &if;om; jynf olw&yfvkH; pdwfóuduf!‡dE_dif;jyif qifa&;yif jzpfonf? ppftkyfpk t "rRa&;qGJxm;onfh tajccHOya' ukd rjyifaom a&G;aumufyrJG mS w u,fyif vGwfvyf+yD; w&m;r#wr_ &Sdrnf qkdonfhwkdif wkdif;&if;om; vlxktwGuf rnfonfh tusKd;t jrwfr# &&SdEkdifrnf r[kwfacs? ppftkyfpkvkyfor# aemuf uvkdufum uef@uGufcsnf óudqkd axmufcHcsnf tcsdefðzef;aeaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh vlxkw &yfvkH; vkdufygEkdifrnfh rdrdwkd@vrf; a=umif;ukd rdrdwkd@zmom csrSwf av#mufvSrf;Ekdif&ef tm;xkwf=u &rnf jzpfonf? (4) Armjynf v l x k } uD ; rS m oef;acgifxuf eufaom nOfhrsm; ukd óuHqkHae&+yD jzpfonf? ppftkyf pkESifh ‚if;wkd@vufyg;aprsm;. t Ekid u f sihf zdEydS rf a_ tmuf tdyaf umif; jcif;rtdyf&/ pm;aumif;jcif; rpm; &/ toGm;=uyf/ tvm=uyf/ tae =uyf/ tao=uyf acwfysufxJY rsuf&nfvnf&$J tHw}udwf}udwf jzpfae=u&av+yD? v,frJh/ ajrrJh/ tkd;tdrfrJh/ taptyg;/ wkdif;wyg;
u|ef/ olawmif;pm;b0rsm; t wGif; om;pOfajr;quf qufvuf epfrGef;=u&OD;rnfhta&; &ifxJrD; awmufae=uolawG wae@xuf wae@rsm;vm+yD jzpfavonf? vGecf ahJ om&uf tenf; i,fu a'gufwmvG%f;aqG b avmh*fwGif awG@&Sd&aom Battle in Kruger trnf&Sd awmiftmz &duwkdufrS awm±kdif;obm0 w u,fhtjzpftysuf ±kyf&Sifum; u av;rS m ppf t m%m&S i f v uf atmuf 'kut Q cuftcJrsK;d pkrH S ±ke;f xGufvGwfajrmufvkdonfh Arm jynfom;rsm;twGuf twk,lzG,f jzpfonf? u|Jrdom;pk tenf;i,f ukd jcaoF@wtkyfu zrf;qD;ukduf owf&ef vkduf=uykH/ ajy;Ekdifaom u|J}uD;rsm;vGwf+yD;/ aumif;pGm rajy;Ekid af om u|iJ ,fwaumifrmS jcaoFh. ckeftkyfr_cH&um/ teD;&Sd acsmif;a&xJokd@ usoGm;ykH/ xyfcsyf ruGmvkdufvmaom jcaoFhu u|J uav;ukd ukdufum ukef;ay:qGJ wif/ usef&Sdaom jcaoFhrsm;uyg vGwfoGm;aom u|JawGukd qufr vkdufyJ acsmif;xJu u|Juav;ukd vmulIqGJ/ acsmif;xJrSm &Sdae aom rdacsmif;uvnf; urf;pyfrmS qGJwifcHae&onfh u|Juav;ukd
ppfajy;'kuo Q nfrsm;tm; zdtm;ay;r_ ydr k jkd yif;xefvm atmufwdkbm 2&uf? apmodef;jrifh (autdkifpD) xd;k ppfa=umifh xdik ;f Edik if H odk@ xGufajy;cdkv_Hvmonfh ppfajy; u&if'kuQonfrsm;udk ae&yfodk@ jyef&ef xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;. zd tm;ay;r_rSm ,ckvqef;ydkif;rSpI ydkrdkjyif;xefvmonfh[k pcef;wm 0ef&Sdolu ,ae@ ajymonf? wmh c f c ±k d i f x mh a qmif ,ef;òrdŒe,f Edkbdk;aus;&Gm&Sd u&if 'kuQonfrsm;udk xdkif;tm%mydkif rsm;u ae@pOf pcef ; xJ o d k @ 0if a&muf ppfaq;r_rsm; vkyfaqmif v#uf&Sd+yD; vwfwavmtajct aewGif 'kuQonfrsm;udk pcef;t jyifodk@ vHk;0xGufcGifhray;onfht jyif xGufygu vlpm&if;ðzwfonhf txd vkyaf qmifvma=umif; pcef; wm0ef&Sdolu ajymonf? ‚if;u“pcef;xJrSm &Gm om;awG&Sdr&Sd ae@wdkif;yJ 0ifppf w,f? b,foGm;w,f? b,fvm w,f? &Gmom;awG [if;oD;[if; &Guf &Smpm;vdk@ r&wJhtxd vkyf w,f? olw@kd 0ifppf+yD;qd&k if usaemf wdk@wm0ef&SdolawGeJ@ wdkifyifwm awGr&SdbJ 0ifppfw,f? tdrfrSm vlr&Sd&if ðzwfypfvdkufw,f? pcef; teD;tem;rSm [if;&GufoGm;&SmwJh vlawmifrS tukefðzwfypfw,f? usaemfwdk@wifjywJhpm&if;eJ@ olwdk@
qD r S m &S d w J h pm&if ; [mrwl b l ; ? usaemfwdk@&J@ vlOD;a&pm&if;u rSm; w,f v d k @ ajymw,f ” [k ajym onf? ppf a jy;'k u Q o nf w OD ; u “olwdk@(xdkif;tm%mydkif)awG ae@wdkif; vlpm&if;vmar;w,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; tJ'gyJ ae@wdkif; ajz&Sif;ae&w,f? +iD;aiG@ae+yD;? tjyif x G u f v d k @ &S d & if v nf ; 'D a e@ jyefvmrvm;? jyefrvmvdk@&Sd&if ðzwfypfw,f? 'DyHkeJ@om qufvkyf r,fqdk&if rvG,fbl;? udk,fh&Gmudk aevd k @ r&vd k @ 'D r S m xG u f a jy;vm w,fqdkrS tck[mu 'DaubDat eJ@ Armppfom;eJ@ odyrf uGmbl;”[k ajymonf? tqdkygppfajy;'kuQonf rsm;udk ,ckvdk vma&mufppfaq; aeonfh xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;rSm wmhccf ±kid /f xmhaqmif;,ef;òrdŒe,f tqifh wm0ef&Sdolrsm;jzpf=u+yD; atmufajcrSwm0efcHrsm;ESihf r oufqdkifa=umif; 'kuQonfrsm;udk vHkòcHa&;,lay;ae&onfh xdkif;vHkòcH a&;tzG@J (acsmavmabm)rS trnf razmfvdkol xdkif;wyfzGJ@0if wOD;u autdkifpDudk ajymonf? “'kuQonfawGudk pcef ; tjyif a y;rxG u f w mawmh rSefygw,f? tJ'guawmh vl}uD; vm&if tjrifr&Sif;rSm pdk;&drfvdk@yg?
vlpm&if;awGðzwfwmu txuf u vl}uD;awGyg? olwdk@u pcef;xJ udk 0ifppfvdk@&Sd&if usaemfwdk@u vdkuf&w,f? usaemfwdk@wcgwcg vlpm&if;0ifppfwJhtcsdefrSm vlr&Sd &if rSwfom;cdkif;w,f? w&ufjyef rvm&if armif;xkwfvdkufvdk@ us aemfw@kd ukd !Ge=f um;xm;w,f”[k olu ajymonf? tqdkygppfajy;'kuQonf rsm;onf pcef;wGif;rSty pcef; jyifudk xGufcGifhr&bJ xdkif;-jrefrm e,f p yf u l n D a xmuf y H h a &;tzG J @ (wDbDbDpD) rSay;onfh tajccH &dumQ rsm;jzpfom ae@pOfpm;oH;k ae &ojzihf udk,fcsif;pmrda=umif; ‚if; xdkif;vHkòcHa&;wyfzGJ@0ifu ,ckvdk ajymonf? “&Gmom;awG[m xrif;/ ig;yd/ wcgwavawmh ig;aowWm tJ'gawGeJ@yJ ae@wdkif;pm;&w,f? tjyifudk tvkyfwckckxGufvkyf&if ydkufqHav; wq,f/ ESpfq,f& r,f? tJ'grS om;ig;awG 0,fpm; vdk@&r,f? olwdk@udkvnf; usaemf udk,fcsif;pmygw,f”[k ‚if;u qdk onf? ,if;'kuQonfrsm;onf ,ckESpf/ ZGefvqef;ydkif;u autJef ,l wyfr[m (7)e,fajrudk etz ESifh 'DaubDatwyfrsm; xdk;ppf qifr_a=umifh xGufajy;vm=uol
u&ifowif;pOf/
rsm;jzpf+yD; vuf&Sdtajctaet& rd r d & yf & G m od k @ jyef v nf a exk d i f & ef rjzpfEdkifao;onfu wa=umif;/ xdik ;f tm%mydik rf sm;. +cdr;f ajcmuf ajymqdkr_rsm;uwa=umif;a=umifh 'kuQonfrsm;taejzifh pdwf'kuQ a&mufae&onfhtay: vl@tcGifh ta&;v_yf&Sm;onfh tzGJ@tpnf; rsm;taejzifh 0dik ;f 0ef;ajz&Si;f ay;=u yg&ef arwWm&yfcaH =umif; pcef;wm 0ef&Sdolu awmif;qdkvdkufonf? Edkbdk;aus;&GmwGif ,cif u 'kuQonfOD;a& (5˜000)eD;yg;&Sd cJhaomfvnf; oufqdkif&m xkdif; tm%mydkifrsm;. trsKd;rsKd;zdtm; ay;r_a=umifh pcef;wGif;aexkdifol av#mhenf;oGm;+yD; vuf&Sdtcsdef wGif vlOD;a& (3˜000)ausmfom usef&Sda=umif; od&onf? xd;k ppfa=umifh xGuaf jy; vmaom ‚if;&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;udk rJp&d/ Edkbdk;/ tl;ol;xmh ae&mrsm; wGif xdik ;f tm%mydik rf sm;u ,m,D cd k v _ H c G i f h a y;xm;+yD ; +yD ; cJ h o nf h =o*kwf vqef;ydkif;uvnf; xdkif; tm%mydkifrsm;ESifh 'DaubDat wdk@u ae&yfodk@jyefydk@&ef yl;aygif;pD pOfcJhaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay? Ô
pufwifbmv/
2009 ckESpf?
vmuku d /f tay:u jcaoF@rsm; 0kid ;f qGJ=u&m aemufokd@ u|Juav;yg oGm;/ '%f&mawG tawmf&vkduf aom u|Ji,fukd jcaoFhwtkyf 0kdif; I zsuf = urnf ð ypOf aumif a & av;ig;&Spfq,f&Sdrnfh u|Jtkyf}uD; a&mufvm? yxrajy;oGm;aom u|J r d o m;pk u oG m ;a&muf w k d i f =um;I tvsiftjref tiftm;pk pnf;um a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpf? u|J tkyfu jcaoFhrsm;teD;okd@ wjznf; jznf; 0kdif;ywfcsOf;uyfvm/ tcsKd@ jcaoH@rsm;u &efðyrnfh[ef oGm;+zJ ajcmufvSef@ayr,fh u|JawGu r a=umufyJ a&S@wkd;vmaomtcg jcaoFhwaumifESpfaumif xGuf ajy;=u/ u|JtkyfxJrS jrefqefoGuf vufaom u|J}uD;wcsKd@u usef&Sd aom jcaoF@awGukd ajy;Icwfypf/ =u/ jcaoFhwaumifrSm u|JcsKdzsm;Y um;ueJ ajrmufygoGm;um acG; ususoG m ;+yD ; xG u f a jy;&jyef ? xGufajy;aom jcaohFawGukd u|J awGuvku d /f u|w J aumifrmS xGuf ajy;aom jcaoFhaemufukd twif; zdI vku d &f if; tkypf Ek iS hf tenf;i,f a0;oGm;/ jcaoFhu vSnfh=unfh+yD;/ u|Jwaumifwnf; jzpfaea=umif; awG@&mwGif ajconf;vufonf; ESifhtpG,frsm; tm;ukd;jzifh jyef vnf &efðyzk@d jyif/ ok@d &mwGif aemuf
u|J w aumif u xyf v k d u f v m aoma=umifh xkdjcaoF@rSm &efrrl jzpfawmhyJ t+rD;ukyf vpfxGuf oG m ;&yk H r sm;rS m tzd E S d y f c H w k d @ t wGuf pdwf"mwfwufºuGzG,f&m jzpfavonf? jcaohFwkd@ vkyf=uykHrSm òrd@v,facgifxJ ppftkyfpk vufyg; apwkd@ vkyf=uykHESifhwax&mwnf; jzpf.? tiftm;enf;onfh ae&m ukd 0kdif;I zdwwf=uonf? vlpkvl a0;ESihf tiftm;jynfah eaom vlxk }uD;ukd ‚if;wk@d zdIr&? wuGw J jym; pD jzpfatmifvkyf+yD;rS zrf;qD;±kduf ESuf/ owfjzwf=ujcif; jzpfonf? vlxk}uD;nD!GwfpGm wGef;vSefòzd zsufrnfqkdv#if ‚if;wkd@taejzifh ajrusif;yif atmif;Ekdifawmhrnf r[kwfacs? usaemfhtaejzifhrl vl xk}uD;w&yfvkH;u 2010 aemuf ykdif;jzpfvmrnfh 'Drkdua&pDtwk ta,mifukd vkH;0 ar#mfvifhapmifh pm;raebJ ppftkyfpktm; vuf awG@ususwkdufckdufzkd@ta&; quf vufwkdufwGef;a&;om;&OD;rnf om jzpfavonf? tarSmifrkdufqkH;nukd &ifqkdifausmfv$m;+yD;rSom a&mifeD ysKd@vmonfh ae@opfukd awG@jrif =u&rnf jzpf.? Ô
rSm;,Gi;f ypfcwfra_ =umifh u&if&mG ol}uD;wOD; '%f&mjyif;xef pufwifbmv 29&uf? apmodef;jrifh(autdkifpD) jrefrmppfwyf cr& 356 wyf&if; ppfa=umif;(2)wyfzGJ@0if wOD;onf ,refae@u u&ifjynf e,f =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrdŒe,f&Sd &Gm vl}uD;wOD;tm; vGJrSm;ypfcwfr_ a=umihf '%f&mtjyif;txef &&Sd oGm;cJhonf[k od&onf?
rSm rJZvd(uDG;a[m)rSm a&muf&Sd vmw,f ? tJ ' D r S m a&muf v m awmh &GmrSmyJ ppfa=umif;(1)udk tdyfapmifhw,f? tJ'DnrSm &Gm vl } uD ; jzpf w J h apmausmf v S u d k olwdk@ppfa=umif;eJ@ac:tdyfw,f? tJvdk tdyfawmh ae@bufuif;&Snf cs+yD;&if nydkif;rSm uif;wdkcsxm; w,f? uif;&Snf+yD;wJhtcsdef opf
tdyaf ysmaf ewJh &Gmol}uD;u Ed;k vm+yD; olcif;xm;wJh rd;k umudk odr;f +yD;awmh tdraf tmufukd jyef0ifr,fvkyfrSm aemufqHk; uif;apmifhwJh&Jabmfu rodbJ ypfxnfhvdkufw,fæ teef;uGif;&GmwGif t ajcpd k u f o nf h cr&(356) ppf a=umif;(2)rS uif;apmifh&Jabmf wOD;onf cr&(355)wyf&if;ESihf wyftajymif;tvJvkyfoGm;onfh acsmif;qH&k dS ‚if;wd@k . ppfa=umif;(1) wyfzGJ@udk óud&if; rJZvd(uDG;a[m) &GmwGif ntdyfwnf;cdk&mrS reuf rd;k rvif;cif tcsed w f iG f rSm;,Gi;f ypf cwfrdjcif; jzpfonf? “cr& 356ppfa=umif; (1)udk vmóudz@kd ppfa=umif;(2)wyf zGJ@[m pufwifbmv 27&ufae@
pmrsufESm 7
yifajc&if;rSm tdyfaewJh&Gmol}uD; udk ac:zd@k arhomG ;a&m? pufwifbm 28&uf reuf 2em&DausmfrSm rdk;zGJ zGJ&Gmawmh tdyfaysmfaewJh &Gmol }uD;u Edk;vm+yD; olcif;xm;wJh rdk; umudk odrf;+yD;awmh tdrfatmuf udk jyef0ifr,fvkyfrSm aemufqHk; uif ; apmif h w J h & J a bmf u rod b J ypfxnfhvdkufw,f”[k autJef ,l wyfr[m(6) jyef=um;a&;Xme wm0efcH apmxJaeu autdkifpD udk ajymonf? pmrsufESm (11)odk@
vli,frsm;&J@ pum;vufaqmif apma&;e,m 23ESpf 0goem EdkifiHa&; ynma&; txufwef;vGef usaemfZh mwdu awmif ilc±dkif/ xef;wyifòrdŒe,f/ pD*J'J aus;&Gmyg? vuf&SdrSmawmh us aemf h w d k @ rd o m;pk r,f v tl ; 'k u Q onf pcef;rSmyJaew,f? armifESr 4 a,mufrSm usaemfu ti,f qH k ; ? jynf w G i f ; rS m 9wef ; txd ausmif;aecJah yr,fh tpd;k &ausmif; r[kwfbl;? awmifilc±dkif awmxJ rSmzGifhwJh aumfol;av txu ausmif;rSm wufcw hJ ,f? ppftpd;k & &JŒ zdESdyfr_atmufrSm ausmif;wuf &if ; ajy;v$ m ;&if ; yJ ? 'gayr,f h ynma&;[m usaemfwdk@twGuf ta&;}uD;awmh usaemf wpuf uav;rS pdwf"gwf ruscJhbl;? et z ppftpdk;&wyfvm&if pmaumif; aumif; roif&bJ r=umc%xGuf ajy;wdr;f a&Smif&w,f? aoab;u vG w f a jrmuf z d k @ awmawmif r S m
xGufajy;&if; xrif;udk qm;eJ@e,f pm;cJh&wJh 'kuQrsKd;udk usaemfhb0 rSm b,fvdkrS arhEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;? 'DvdktcuftcJ=um;rS ±kef;uef}uD; jyif;cJh&wJh usaemf[m r,fvtl; pcef;rSm q,fwef;atmifcJhw,f? usaemf w d k @ aecJ h w J h jynf w G i f ; u ausmif;av;[mvnf; ppftpdk;& wyfa=umifh tckqdk r&Sdawmhbl;? (10)wef;atmif+yD;wJh aemuf usaemfu EdkifiHa&;pdwf0if pm;wJhtcgusawmh pcef;rSmzGifhwJh u&ifvli,facgif;aqmifeJ@ pDrHcef@ cG J r _ a usmif ; (Karen Youth pdwfydkif;jzwfcJhw,f? e*dkuwnf; u pdwfygw,f? rdbawGuvnf; oabmwlwJh tcgusawmh tJ'D ausmif;rSm usaemf 2ESpfwufcJh w,f? tawG@tóuH trsm;}uD;& w,f? tJ'D (Post Ten)ausmif; +yD;awmh oli,fcsif;wa,muf&J@
tquftoG,feJ@ Ed k i f i H a &;oif w ef ; udk wufcGifh&cJhvdk@ usaemf t&rf;0rf; omw,f ? ud k , f oif x m;wJ h y nm eJ@ wae@ae@us&if usaemfwdk@ jrefrm jynfoal wGtwGuf tusKd;ðyEdkifr,fvdk@ ,Hk=unfw,f? t xl ; ojzif h 'D o if wef;+yD;&if awmifil c±dkifbufudk jyefqif;+yD; jynfol awGudk EdkifiHa&;tjrifEdk; =um;ap r,fh ynmay;r_awGvkyfzdk@ pdwf tm;xufoefw,f? usaemfEikd if [ H m rvGwf vyfao;awmh vkyfp&m&Sdwm vkyf oGm;&rSmyJ? vkyf&if; ig;yd&nfeJ@ x rif ; pm;&vnf ; rr_ b l ; ? t"d u usaemfwdk@ arSsmfrSef;wJhyef;wdkif a&mufzdk@yJ? a&mufr,fvdk@vnf;
apmzdk;xl; 19ESpf 0goem EdkifiHa&; ynma&; txufwef; usaemf&JŒZmwdu u&if jynfe,f/ zmyGefc±dkif/ 'G,fvdk;òrdŒ e,f/ Edk@vm;aus;&Gmuyg? armifES r (3)a,mufxJrSm usaemfu t i,fqHk;yg? usaemf oHk;vom;t &G , f u wnf ; u tazqH k ; oG m ; awmh tckqkd taryJ &Sad wmhw,f? tazr&SdwJhaemuf usaemfwdk@ rd om;pktajctaeu odyrf aumif; awmhbl;? aemuf&Gmu e,fajrt ajctaeuvnf; rwnfr+idrfjzpf vmwJhtcgusawmh 1997ckESpfrSm usaemfh rdom;pkwpkvHk; xkdif;-jref rme,fpyfu rJacgifcg; u&if'kuQ onfpcef;rSm cdkvH_ae xdkifvmcJh& w,f? jrefrmjynfrSm oli,f wef;txdyJ ausmif;wufcJh&+yD; 6wef ; ES p f u pvd k @ rJ a cgif c g;'k u Q onfpcef;u trSwf(3) txu
ausmif;rSm ausmif;wufcJhw,f? 2004 ckESpfrSm rJacgifcg;pcef;uae r,fvtl;pcef;udkajymif;awmh tJ 'DrSmyJ q,fwef;atmifcJhw,f? q,fwef;atmif+yD;awmh trsKd; om;'Drdkua&pDzGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&; tif t m;pk (tJ e f ' D ' D ) uzG i f h w J h ajcmufv=um EdkifiHa&;oifwef; wckudk wufa&mufaew,f? us aemfi,fi,fwkef;u jzpfcsifwm awG trsm;}uD;yJ? tpuawmh *D worm;/ tm;upm;orm; t&rf; jzpfcsifwm? t&G,fa&mufvmwJh tcgusawmhrS udk,fbmvkyfoifh w,fqdkwm ydkrdkem;vnfoabm aygufvmw,f? 'kuQonfrSmae& wmu wa=umif;/ aemuf ud, k Ehf ikd f iH u rat;csrf ; wJ h t cgusawmh udk,fjzpfcsifwmxuf jzpfoifhwm ud k y J vk y f & wmaygh ? aemuf q H k ; udk,fhtrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; twGuf vkyfr,fvdk@ qHk;jzwfvdkuf +yD; EdkifiHa&;vkyfzdk@ &nf&G,fxm;
awmh EdkifiHa&;udk a&S Œ quf a vh v m oGm;r,f? pcef;xJrSm ae wkef;u EdkifiHa&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; bmrS rodbl;? etz ppf tpdk;& raumif;wJh twGuf udk,fhEdkifiH xJrmS aecGirhf &wm udk odayr,fh b,f vdkraumif;wmvJ qdkwmawmh rod bl;? tckvdkrsKd; oifwef;wufwJh tcgusawmh awmfawmfav; rsuf pdyGifh/ em;yGifhvmw,f? jzpfEdkif&if usaemfuawmh jynfwGif;rSm&SdwJh jynfolawGudk EdkifiHa&;todpdwf "gwf Edk;=um;vmapzdk@ ynmay;r_ awG aqmif & G u f c sif w ,f ? jzpf ajrmufatmifvnf; óud;pm;r,f? usaemfwdk@EdkifiHu rvGwfajrmuf ao;bl;? tckxufxd ppftpdk;&
Leadership and management Training Course) udk wufzdk@
ajymif;jyefp;D aomjrpfrsm; obm0r_ ylavmifr_/ qmavmifr_ usOf;=uyfrl/ at;csrf;rludk ikdjcif;eJ@aomfr# azmfjycGifhr&=uonf tdkif'DyDuav;rsm;b0 tarhyvdkif;wGif; tusOf;usae=uwkef;?
,Hk=unfw,f? 'DvdkvkyfwJhtcgrSm vli,fawG&JŒtiftm; trsm;}uD; vkdtyfw,f? aemifwcsdefrSm vl }uD ; jzpf v mr,f h vl i ,f a wG u d k usaemftxl;ajymcsifwmuawmh “atmifjrifausmf=um;wJholawG jzpfzdk@ róud;pm;ygeJ@/ wefzdk;&SdwJhvl jzpf a tmif ó ud ; pm;ygvd k @ ” wd k u f wGef;csifw,f? Ô
&mZ0wfom;rsm;pGm axmifcg+idr;f cGihf v$wfcGifhay;aewJhtoH? tjypfrwef ppfrSefa':pkeJ@ ol@&J@o¾mef EdkifiHa&;tazmfawG oHwdkifawG=um; tusOf;om;jzpfaewkef;? tjypfrJholawG tusOf;us? vlowf"m;jyawG a&$xD;aqmif;=u? azmufjyefwJhavmu"HxJ awmifhcHrJh trSefw&m;bufawmfom;rSm tm%m&Siaf jc ol@aoG;awGeJ@ aq;ae&wkef;? ajAmif;qefatmif ajymif;jyefpD;jrpfrsm; ajymif;jyefysHiSufrsm; ajymif;jyefjzpfw&m;rsm; 'kuQjrpfrsm;pD;qif;&m vdkufygumpD;arsmae&wkef;?
tkyftkyfcsKyf r_atmufrSmyJ aeae &w,f? 'ga=umifh usaemfwdk@vdk vli,fawGtaeeJ@ udk,fhwdkif;jynf twGuf tvkyfvkyfzdk@vdkw,f? 'g rStem*wfu vSyvmrSm? vli,f awG[m b,fae&mrSmyJa&muf a&muf udk,fhvlrsKd;udk rarhzdk@eJ@ udk,fhvlrsKd;twGuf wwfEdkifbuf u ulnDaxmufyHhay;=uapcsif w,f? Ô
nDtpfudkwdk@a& qmavmifra_ wGaemuf waumufaumufygoGm; vrf;aysmufumae=uol jynfolrsm;&J@ vdktyfcsuf avmu&J@ vdktyfcsuf usKyfwdk@awG jznfhpGuf=uygpdk@vm;? (vuFm'Dy)
pmzwfy&d\wfrsm;taejzifh autdik pf . D ae@pOfowif;rsm;udk =o*kwv f qef;ydik ;f rSpI (www.kicnews.org))od@k 0ifa&muf=unf±h E_ ikd af =umif; owif;aumif;yg;tyfygonf? u&ifowif;pOf/
atmufwdkbmv
2009 ckESpf?
pmrsufESm 8
zmyGec f ±ki d t f wGi;f ul;pufjzpfymG ;cJo h nfh wkyaf uG;a&m*gESihf ywfoufI e,fvn S ahf usmyd;k tdwf usef;rma&;vkyo f m;rsm;tzG@J wm0efcH q&mref;ref;ESihf awG@qHak r;jref;cef; Ô +yD;cJw h hJ pufwifbmvup+yD; zmyGecf ±dik rf mS &moDt vdu k jf zpfwhJ wkyaf uG;a&m*g ul;pufra_ wG jzpfcw hJ ,fv@kd =um;cJh&w,f? tJh'g b,fa'oawGrSmvJ? 'DwkyfauG;a&m*g pjzpfwmuawmh zmyGef c±kdif/ vlaomòrdŒe,fajrmufydkif;u &Gmuaeayghaemf? tJ'DrSm w&Gm/ ESpf&Gm pjzpfw,f? tJ'Duae+yD; av;/ ig; ajcmuf&mG avmuf xyfrH ul;pufjyefw,f? wywf twGif;rSm vl(300)ausmf ul;pufoGm;w,f? tJ'Du ae+yD;awmhrS usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_/ usef;rma&; ynmay;vkyfief;wcsKdŒeJ@ aqmif&Gufay;wJhtwGuf a=umihf ESpyf wf/ oH;k ywfrmS awmh aysmufuif;oGm;wm ayghaemf? tJ'Daemufydkif;rSm }uD;}uD;rm;rm; xyfrjzpf awmhb;l qdak yr,fh use;f rma&;apmifah &Smufru _ akd wmh tckxd qufvkyfaewkef;yJ? jzpfoGm;wmuawmh &Gm aygif; (20)uae (30)avmuftxd&Sdw,f? tckqdk &GmawG tawmfrsm;rsm; aysmufuif;oGm;+yD; (7)&Gm/ (8) &GmavmufyJ usefawmhw,f? Ô 'DwkyfauG;a&m*g[m b,fvdka=umifh tvsiftjref ul;pufoGm;&wmvJ? vuf&SdrSm b,favmuftxd pdk;&drf&wJh taetxm; jzpfaeygovJ? a&m*gul;pufr_ wtm;rsm;w,fqdkwmu vnf; t&ifyHkrSef&Gm taetxm;rsKd; r[kwfbJeJ@ pk aygif;aexdkif=uawmh ul;pufjrefwmvnf;ygw,f? r=umao;cifu tJ'*D iG u f awmif,m(4)cif;udv k nf; etz ppfwyfu rD;±_@d zsuq f ;D oGm;wm &Sw d ,f? vlawG u a=umuf±G@Hxdwfvef@r_awGeJ@twl xGufajy;ae=u awmh pdppfr,fqdk&if a&m*gul;pufE_ef;u ydkrsm;vm wmaygh? vuQ%mt& jyef=unfhr,fqdk&if t"du uawmh wkyfauG;ayghaemf? odk@aomfvnf;yJ wckpdk;&drf p&mu tckay:aewJh 0ufwkyfauG;vm; qkdwJh[mrsKd; awG pOf;pm;p&m jzpfwJhtcgusawmh olwdk@&JŒ ovdyf awGudk,l+yD; rJaqmufaq;±kHudk ydk@+yD;awmhrS ppfaq; wmayghaemf? 'DwHawG;ovdyfawGudk ESpfywf/ oHk;ywf twGif;rSm tajzjyef&wmuawmh &moDtvdkufjzpf wJh vluae vlukd ul;pufww hJ yk af uG;yJ? 0ufwyk af uG; qdw k hJ wkyaf uG;topfrsK;d awmh r[kwb f ;l ? 'gayrJh wkyf auG;a&m*gu topfjzpfap/ ta[mif;jzpfap um uG,af pmifah &Smufr_ taotcsm ray;Edik &f ifawmh ESpf rsKd;pvHk;u pdk;&drfp&mcsnf;yJ?
&moDtvdu k f wkyaf uG;uawmh ESpw f idk ;f vkd vdk jzpfwmyJ? usaemfwdk@ owdrxm;wm jzpfaumif; jzpfr,f? +yD;cJhwJhESpfuvnf; pjzpfwmyJ? 'gayr,fh owdrxm;rdbl;qkdwmu tckvdkrsKd; 'Davmuftxd jrefjrefqefqef ul;pufwmrsKd;awmh r&Sdbl;ayghaemf? óud=um;óud;=um;eJ@ yHkrSefjzpfaewJhtay:rSm usef;rm a&;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;eJ@ ukor_vkyfief;tay:rSm usaemfwdk@ xdef;xm;EdkifcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DESpfrSm ul; pufr_E_ef; wtm;jrefqefwJhtcgusawmh usaemfwdk@ ydkrdk+yD;awmhvnf; 'Dxuf tiftm;xkwf+yD;awmhrS aqmif&Guf&wmaygh? tajctaeudkvnf; usaemfwdk@ pdk;&drfrdawmh vdktyfwJh a&m*g&SmazGaz:xkwfwJh enf; pepfutp aqmif&u G af y;&w,f? trSet f m;jzihf +yD;cJh wJhESpfawGrSmvnf; 'Da&m*g[m yHkrSefjzpfcJhwmygyJ?
Photo-KIC
tpdk;&usef;rma&;XmeawGua&m b,fvdkukoapmifh a&Smufr_rsKd;awG &SdygovJ? a&m*gjzpfwJh a'oawGuawmh etz&JŒ tkyfcsKyfa'orSm r[kwfygbl;? r[kwfwJhtjyif etz ppftpdk;&uae ESdrfeif;wJha'oawG jzpfaew,f? w csd e f w nf ; rS m +yD ; cJ h w J h v uyJ etz xd k ; ppf q if z d k @ owif;&aewJhtcgusawmh tJ'Daus;&GmawGu &Gm om;awGuvnf; &GmxJrSm rae&JawmhbJeJ@ awmxJ rSm pkyHkykef;atmif;vm=uwmaygh? rsm;aomtm;jzihf &Gmykef;&Gma&Smif &Gmom;awGjzpf=uw,f? 'ga=umifh tpdk;&&JŒ usef;rma&;XmeawGeJ@ tvSrf;a0;aewJh a' oawGcsnf;yJ jzpfw,f?
Ô a&m*gcHpm;ae&wJh vlemawGudk b,fusef;rma&; tzG@J tpnf;awGu ulnv D yk af qmifay;aeygovJ? zmyGefc±kdiftwGif;u rdrdwdk@ e,fajra'o rSm&Sdxm;wJh usaemfwdk@ tajccHusef;rm;a&;apmihf a&Smufr_ tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfwJh usef;rma&;eJ@ u,fq,f a&;Xmeu aq;rSL;awG&,f/ aemuf e,fvn S ahf usmyd;k td w f X meu aq;vk y f o m;tzG J @ awG & ,f / aemuf Ô a&m*gjzpfyGm;wJh a'oawG[m etz ppftpdk;&&JŒ a'gufwmpifoD,marmifuae yHhydk;ay;xm;wJh aq; xdef;csKyfr_atmufrSm&SdwJh a'oawGrsm;vm;? 'gqdk cef;awG&,f pkpkaygif; usaemfwdk@ usef;rma&;0efxrf;
ta,muf (20)eD;yg;u oHk;av;ig;zGJ@ cGJ+yD;awmhrS pk pnf;aqmif&Gufay;aewm jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@qD rSm e,fqif;w,fqdkwmxuf e,fajrtwGif;rSm&SdwJh udk,hfa'o&J@ aus;&GmawGu usef;rma&;vkyfom; awGyJ ðypkukowm jzpfw,f? uav;wa,muf qHk;oGm;wmuawmh t"du a&m*gaemufqufwGJjzpfwJh tat;rd/ tqkyf tat;rda&m*gawGeJ@ usaemfwdk@ vufvSrf;rrDbJ aemufusoGm;wJhtwGuf jzpfaumif;jzpfEdkifw,f? aemuf uav;uvnf; i,faeao;wJhtcgusawmh cHEdkif&nfr&Sdwmvnf; ygwmaygh? wzufrSmvnf; ajy;v$m;yke;f atmif; aqmif&u G af e&wJt h ay:rSmvnf; aoaocsmcsm rðypk/ rapmifha&SmufEdkifcJhbl;? wcsdef wnf;rSm &Gmykef;&Gm;a&Smifjzpfaeawmhvnf; aqmif &Gufzdk@ tcuftcJ trsm;}uD;&Sdwmaygh? usaemfwdk@ t wwfEikd q f ;kH pkaygi;f aqmif&u G w f t hJ cgusawmh aemuf xyf aoqHk;r_awmh r&Sdawmhygbl;? Ô t&ifESpfawGu tJ'Da'orSm 'Dvkd&moDtvdkuf wkyaf uG;a&m*gjzpfymG ;r_ tajctaeav;udk jyefajymjy ay;ygvm;?
Ô tJ'aD 'oawGrmS use;f rma&;vkyif ef;awG xda&muf atmif vkyaf qmifEikd zf @kd b,fvt kd cuftcJawG&+dS yD; vwf wavm taetxm;av;eJ@ b,fvdkvkyfaqmifoihf w,fqw kd mudk tenf;i,f ajymjyay;apcsiyf gw,f? usaemfwdk@ umuG,fr_vkyfief;awG aqmif &Guf&wmawmh xda&mufr_u trsm;}uD; tuef@t owfawmh &Sw d mayg?h bmjzpfvq J akd wmh awmawmif xlxyfw,f? &Gmom;awGuvnf; xGufajy;ykef; atmif;&w,f? rwnf+idrfwJha'orSm usef;rma&;eJ@ wud, k af &oef@&iS ;f a&;utp ynmay;r_awG wu,fh vufawG@ vkyfaqmifay;aomfjim;vnf;yJ vkdtyfwJh tajctaeawG trsm;}uD; &Sdaeao;ovdk t[ef@ twm;awGvnf; trsm;}uD;&Sw d maygah emf? vuf&dS uk or_tydkif;rSm usef;rm;a&;0efxrf;awGtaeeJ@ t wwfEikd q f ;kH pkaygi;f aqmif&u G w f t hJ cgusawmh tvSr;f a0;vd k @ ta&muf a emuf u s+yD ; aoqH k ; oG m ;&wJ h uav;i,fwa,mufuvGJ&if usefwmawGawmh t aotaysmuf r&Sdbl;? b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf aq;0g;uko r_eJ@ usef;rma&;ynmay;r_awG ydkxda&mufzdk@u e,f ajrwnf+idrfr_tay:rSmvnf; trsm;}uD; rlwnfyg w,f? 'DwkyfauG;a&m*gwkdufzsufa&;udk 'Dxufydk +yD;awmh xdxad &mufa&muf vkyaf qmifEikd zf @kd ynmay; vkyif ef;awG quf+yD;awmh aqmif&u G o f mG ;zd@k vdw k ,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ wkyfauG;a&m*gtopfjzpfwJh 0uf wkyfauG;qdkwJh urBmhvl@wkyfauG;tay:rSmvnf;yJ jzpf Edkif&if usaemfwdk@ t+rJwrf; tuJcwf+yD;awmhrS pOf qufrjywf apmifh=unfhavhvmzdk@awmh vdktyfyg w,f? ÔÔÔ
tki d ' f y D aD 'owGif ul;pufa&m*g jyef@ES@H jzpfymG ;&m uav;wOD;aoqk;H atmufwkdbm 8&uf? eef;xl;pH (autkid pf )D zmyGefc±kdif/ vlaomòrdŒ e,fwGif jzpfyGm;vSsuf&Sdaom ul; pufa&m*gonf ,ck&ufykdif;t wGif; xkda'otwGif;&Sd jynfwGif; 'kuQonfrsm;aexkdif&m w,fokd; yavmESifh w,fokd;xmha'orsm; wGif xyfrHul;pufjyef@ES@HoGm;+yD; a&m*gu;l pufc&H olrsm;xJru S av; i,fwOD; aoqkH;oGm;onf[k a' ocH aq;0efxrf;rsm;. owif;
ay;csuft& od&onf? “'Da'orSm vGefcJhwJh tywfu a&m*gpjzpfwmvkd@ od& w,f/ tJ'D w,fokd;yavm/ w,f okd;xmhqkdwmu jynfwGif;'kuQ onf(tkdif'DyD)awG pkpnf;aexkdif wJh a'ojzpfw,f/ tck&ufykdif;rSm a&m*gul;pufcH&olaygif; (180) ausmfavmuf &Sdaew,f? tJ'DxJ u vGefcJhwJh ESpf&ufokH;&ufrSm w,f o k d ; xmh a 'ou (7)ES p f t &G,f uav;i,fwa,mufaoqk;H
oGm;w,fvkd@ usaemfwkd@od&w,f crsm”[k zmyGefc±kdif usef;rma&; rSL; q&mapm0if;ausmu f autkid f pDukd ajymoGm;onf? qufvufI olu “a&m *gjzpfyGm;wJh vuQ%mu ao;rl'J/ wmtkdxmhrSm jzpfwJha&m*geJ@ t wlwlyJ/ ao;rl'Jaus;e,fbufrSm awmh a&m*gtajctae enf;enf; oufomvmyg+yD? 'gayr,fh t enf;tusOf; jzpfao;w,f? 'Dt awmtwGi;f usaemfw@dk xde;f xm;
wJh=um;u tJ'Dw,fokd;yavm? w,fokd;xmhbufrSm a&m*gxyf jzpfwm? usaemfwkd@tck tJ'DrSm qif;+yD;awmh ukor_/ umuG,fr_/ ynmay;r_ a wG v k y f z k d @ pD p Of a e w,f”[k ajymqkdoGm;onf? vG e f c J h o nf h puf w if bmvv,fcef@u pwifjzpfyGm;ae onfh xkdul;pufa&m*grSm wkyf auG;trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf[k usef; rma&;0efxrf;rsm;u cef@rSef;cJh=u onf? odk@aomf ul;pufjyef@ESH@r_
u&ifowif;pOf/ atmufwdkbmv
2009 ckESpf?
jrefqefonfhtwGuf a'ocHusef; rma&;0efxrf;rsm;u pkd;&drfr_rsm; vm+yD; wdusonfha&m*gtrsKd;t pm; od&EdS idk af tmif e,fvn S hf ausm yd;k tdwu f se;f rma&;vkyo f m;rsm;t zGJ@rS vlem (5)OD;. ovdyfukd xkdif; EkdifiH rJaqmufaq;±kH}uD;wGif ykd@ aqmif p pf a q;xm;+yD ; jzpf a omf vnf; aq;ppfcsuftajzudk rod&Sd &ao;ay? vuf&t dS csed w f iG f zmyGef c±dkiftwGif; vlem 700 0ef;usif
pmrsufESm 9
cef@ tqkdyga&m*gul;pufcHae&+yD; ,ck ul ; puf r _ x yf r H j zpf y G m ;&m jynfwGif;'kuQonfrsm; aexdkif&m a'orSm xkda&m*g pwifjzpfyGm; onf h ao;rl ' J a us;e,f . t aemufajrmufbufwGif wnf&Sd+yD; aus;&Gmaygi;f (21)&Gmcef@wiG f &Gmol &G m om;aygif ; (1˜700)ausmf & S d onf[k od&onf? Ô
aq;ukor_ rxda&mufI [oFmwrS H1N1 a0'em&Sir f sm; aoqH;k r_&dS atmufwdkbmv 13&uf? eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) jrefrmEdkifiH/ {&m0wD wdik ;f [oFmwòrdŒe,fwiG f ,cifv rSpI (H1N1)0ufwyk af uG;jzpfymG ; cJh+yD; a&m*gul;pufcHolrsm;rSm xd a&mufonhf aq;ukor_udk r&&Sd onft h wGuf raooifb h J aoqH;k oGm;olrsm;&Sdaea=umif; udk,fwdkif óuHawG@cJholwOD;. ajymjycsuft & od&onf? tqdyk grsujf rifu“usr awG&oavmufu a&m*gjzpfyGm; ol trsm;tpk[m touf 3ESpf uae 16ESpft&G,f uav;awG ydkrsm;w,f? aemufawmh vl}uD; awGyg ygvmayr,fh vl}uD;OD;a&u enf ; w,f ? a&m*gjzpf w J h v uQ m %mu a=umufp&m}uD;? tylcsdef u 102 'D*&D atmufrusbl;? 103/ 104 'D*&Dtxd oufoufyJ? +yD;&if uav;awGqdk ta,muf wdkif;aoG;oGif;&w,f? usra&muf
oGm;wJh tcsdefESpf&uftwGif;rSm uav;tygt0if vl(3)a,muf avmuf aoqHk;oGm;w,f? tck vnf; jzpfaeyJvdk@=um;w,f”[k ajymonf? H1N1 a&m*gcpH m;ae& olrsm;onf [oFmwòrdŒ&Sd jynf ol@aq;±HkwGif oGm;a&mufaq;uk or_ cH,lcJhaomfvnf; aq;0g;rsm; vH k a vmuf r _ r &S d b J a0'emrsm; ouf o mvmap&ef wm0ef u s aq;q&m/ q&mrrsm;u aq;±Hk&Sd omrefaq;rsm;ESifhom ukor_ay; ae&+yD; tcsKd@aom vlemrsm;rSm roufomvmonfhtjyif ydkrdkqdk; 0g;vmonf[k xdkaq;±Hkudk udk,f wdik af &muf&cdS o hJ l ykord òf rdŒcHwOD;u ajymonf? olru “[oFmwaq; ±HkrSm usra&mufwJhtcsdefu a&m *gpjzpfwJhtcsdefaygh? aq;±HkrSm vl awG tjynfhyJ? odwJhtwdkif;yJ jref rmjynfaq;±HkawGrSm aq;r&Sdbl;
av? aq;r&Sw d t hJ cgusawmh q&m 0efawGu yg&mpDwarmwdk@/ "gwf qm;r_ef@wdk@wdkufw,f? a&m*gw jcm;aq;wjcm;jzpfaeawmh b,f oufomvmrSmvJ? wcsKd@vlem
&Snfw,f? aq;cef;u q&m0efqdk &if rGef;vGJ 2em&Dausmfwmawmif xrif;rpm;tm;bl;? tJavmufxd vlawGtjzpfrsm;wm”[k ykodrfòrdŒ u qufvufajymqdkonf?
q&m0efawGu yg&mpDwarmwdk@/ "gwfqm;r_ef@wdk@ wdu k w f ,f? a&m*gwjcm; aq;wjcm;jzpfaeawmh b,foufomvmrSmvJ? wcsKd@vlemawGqdk yg&maq;udkyJ zdwdkufcH&awmh ta&jym;rSm ,m;emwJh tzktydef@av;awGyg aygufvmwmudk awG@&w,fæ awGqdk yg&maq;udkyJ zdwdkufcH& awmh ta&jym;rSm ,m;emwJh tzk tydef@av;awGyg aygufvmwmudk awG@&w,f”[k autdkifpDudk ajym onf? “tJ'DrSm vlemawGu b,favmufrsm;ovJqdk&if jyify aq;cef;rSm wef;pDaewJh vlem wef ; }uD ; [m aq;cef ; tjyif x d
tqdkyg H1N1 a&m*g jzpfymG ;r_onf [oFmwa'o wck wnf;rubJ {&m0wDwikd ;f twGi;f &Sd tjcm;òrdŒrsm;ESifh aus;e,frsm; wGifyg jyef@ESH@jzpfyGm;v#uf&Sdaomf vnf; ‚if;jrpf0u|ef;ay:a'o&Sd ouf q d k i f & mtm%myd k i f r sm;u 0ufwkyfauG; (H1N1)a&m*g jzpf yGm;r_ESifhowfoufI owif; r
xGufatmif ydwfyifwm;jrpfxm; onf[kvnf; od&onf? urBmwv$m;&Sd Edik if rH sm; u vuf&Sdul;pufjzpfyGm;v#uf&Sd aom 0ufwyk af uG; (H1N1)a&m*g qdk;}uD;udk ul;pufjyef@ESH@r_rrsm; atmif oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrsm;u tpdk;&rsm;u ‚if;wdk@ jynfolvlxk rsm;twGuf vkdtyfonfh usef;rm a&;apmif h a &S m uf r _ / umuG , f r _ / ynmay;r_ponfhvkyfief;rsm;udk tm±Hpk u kd f óud;yrf;vkyaf qmifaomf vnf; jrefrmEdkifiHrSmrl jynfolrsm; tqdkyg a&m*gul;pufcH&onfudk yif azmfjycGifhr&onfhtay: &ifem rdonf[k a'ocHrsm;u qdkonf? trnfrazmfvdkol a' ocH w OD ; u “tck q d k usrwd k @ [oFmwrSm 'DwkyfauG;a&m*g t rsKd ; tpm;eJ @ aowJ h o l u q,f a,mufavmufu tenf;qHk;yJ? 'gayr,fh tpdk;&owif;pmrSmyg wmu 2 a,muf/ 3a,mufyJ? t
awmf pdwfemzdk@aumif;w,f”[k qdkonf? xdkudpPESifhywfoufI autdkifpDrS [oFmwòrdŒaq;±Hk&Sd olemðyrsm;udk qufoG,far;jref; aomfvnf; ajymqdkcGifhr&Sda=umif; jyefvnfajz=um;cJhonf? atmufwdkbmv (8) &ufae@xkwf ppftpdk;&ydkif a=u;rHk owif;pmwGif urBmhvl@wkyfauG; uyfa&m*gac: (New Influenza A-H1N1)0ufwyk af uG;a&m xde;f csKyfr_vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufI jref rmEdkifiHusef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu {+yDvrS pwifI t&Sdefjr‡ifhaqmif &Gufv#uf&Sd&m ,cktcsdefxd vlem aoqHk;r_r&SdbJ twnfðyEdkifonfh vlemaygi;f (56)OD;teuf 50OD;rSm use;f rma&;jyefvnfaumif;rGev f m +yDjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? Ô
wkyaf uG;[k xif&onfh a&m*gul;pufr_ ydr k jkd yef@ES@H vm
Photo-BPHWT
wkyfauG;jzpfa&m*gjzpfaeonfh uav;i,fwOD;udk ppfaq;aeonfh zmyGefc±dkifrS aq;0efxrf;ESpfOD; atmufwdkbmv 3&uf? eef;xl;pH(autdik pf )D u&ifjynfe,f zmyGef a'owGif pufwifbmvuwnf; u pwifjzpfyGm;aeaom wkyfauG; trsKd;tpm;[k ,lq&onfha&m*g ul ; puf r _ r S m aq;0ef x rf ; rsm; xdef;csKyfaeonfh=um;u ydkrdkjyef@ESH@ vmonf[k a'oqdkif&m usef;rm a&;0efxrf;rsm;. ajymjycsuft& od&onf? ,cifvu tqdkyga&m*g ul;pufjzpfyGm;aecJhonhf zmyGef
c±dik /f vlaomòrdŒe,f/ ao;rl'aJ us; e,f & S d o'g;'J / wac:wd k @ abm/ ao;rl'J/ [Dzdk;'J/ wmtdk'J/ y'J'JESifh rD ; armf ' J a us;&G m rsm;wG i f ,ck vqef;ydkif;txd &Gmol&Gm;om; aygif; 400 ausmfudk xyfrHul;puf ae+yD; aq;0efxrf;tcsKd@ESihf eD;pyf &m aus;e,fwckwGifvnf; pwif jzpfyGm;ae+yD[k zmyGefc±kdif usef; rma&;wm0efcH apm0if;ausmfu autdkifpDudk ,ckvdk ajymonf? olu“a&m*gul;pufr_ tajctaeu t&Sdefrav#mhao;
bl;? tckjzpfyGm;aewkef;yJ? usaemf wd@k pm&if;aumuf,x l m;csut f & tck a&m*gul ; puf c H & ol a ygif ; (360)ausmf&SdoGm;+yD? oufom oGm;wJh vlemawGawmif aemuf wcgxyfjzpfoGm;wmawG awG@& w,f? vlemawGudk oGm;a&muf ukoay;wJh aq;&mrESpfa,muf vnf; a&m*gul;pufcH&w,f? 'gh tjyif aorl'Jaus;e,feJ@eD;wJh yg [dkufaus;e,frSmvnf; 'Da&m*g jzpfwJh vlem 7 a,mufavmuf awG@&w,f”[k qdkonf?
u&ifowif;pOf/
xdktjyif q&mapm0if; ausmu f “bma&m*gtrsK;d tpm;vJ qdw k m tajzrod&ao;wJt h wGuf tck avmavmq,f a&m*gul; pufr_ xyfrjzpfatmif óudwifum uG,w f t hJ aeeJ@ &GmawGrmS use;f rm a&;ynmay;r_awG vkyfaew,f? &Gmol&Gmom;awG avaumif;av oef@awG±SLzdk@/ wtdrfeJ@wtdrf/ w &GmeJ@w&Gm roGm;vmzdk@ a&m*gjzpf wJhvlawGem;udk ESmacgif;ydwfwJh (MASK)wyfzdk@ usaemfwdk@(MA SK)awG a0ay;aew,f? tJ'gawG
atmufwdkbmv/
2009 ckESpf?
udk usaemfwdk@ vkyfaqmifaeyg w,f”[k qufvufajymqdo k nf? ‚if; ul;pufa&m*gjzpf yGm;aeonfh aus;&Gm;twGif;&Sd &Gm ol&Gmom;rsm;. oGm;vma&;udk wm;qD;xdef;csKyfxm;onfhtjyif xdak 'otwGi;f &Sd pmoifausmif; 5 vHk;udk +yD;cJhonfh ESpfywfavmuf uwnf;u ,m,Dydwfxm;vdkuf a=umif; od&onf? ,ck j zpf y G m ;aeonh f a&m*gudk trsKd;tpm; twdtus od&EdS ikd &f eftwGuf a&m*gtjyif;t xef jzpfyGm;aeonhf vlemrsm;. ovdyu f , kd +l yD; xkid ;f Edik if H wmhccf ±kid f rJaqmufòrdŒ&Sd aq;±kH}uD;wGif ydk@ aqmif u m ppf a q;r_ r sm; vk y f aqmifae+yD[k xdka'oodk@ udk,f wdkifuGif;qif;avhvmcJhol e,f vSnfha usmydk; tdwfusef; rm;a&; vkyfom;rsm;tzGJ@ (BPHWT)rS q&mref;ref;u autdkifpDudk ajym onf? “usaemf 'Da&m*g&JŒ t ajzudk od&zdk@twGuf tck vlem 5a,muf&JŒ ovdyfudk 'DrJaqmuf aq;±kH}uD;rSm ydk@xm;w,f? tajz uawmh wywfavmuf=umrS od &r,fxifw,f? 'Dae@ rJaqmuf aq;±kHu wm0ef&SdwJh trsKd;orD; wOD;u usaemfwdk@udk vmawG@ w,f? a&m*gjzpfwJh tajctae awGudk vmar;+yD; olwdk@taeeJ@ tjrefqHk; tajzod&atmif vkyf ay;r,fvdk@ ajymw,f”[k ajym onf? q&mref ; ref ; u “'D a&m*gu wkyfauG;a&mm*g trsKd;
pmrsufESm 10
tpm;wrsKd;yJ? 'gayr,fh &moD wkyfauG;vm;/ =uufiSufwkyfauG; vm;/ 0ufwyk af uG;vm; wpHw k &m pdk;&drfp&m&Sdw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdk awmh t&ifESpfawGxuf ul;pufr_ u ydkjrefw,f? pjzpfjcif;rSm &meJ@csD ul ; puf j zpf y G m ;w,f q d k a wmh 'g awG[m oHo,jzpfp&mawG t rsm;}uD;&Sdw,f? tJ'ga=umifh a&S@ quf + yD ; a'owG i f ; u aq;0ef xrf;awG/ &Gmol&Gmom;awG/ a' oqdik &f mtm%mydik af wGa&m/ xdik ;f e,fpyfrmS &Sw d hJ xdik ;f use;f rma&;Xm eawGeJ@a&m b,fvdkpkaygif;vkyf aqmifoGm;r,fqdkwm usaemfwdk@ pDpOfaqG;aEG;aeygw,f”[k ajymqdk oGm;onf? xdka'otwGif; a&m*g ul;pufjzpfyGm;olrsm;udk ukor_ ay;&efESifh umuG,fay;&ef aq;0g; vHkavmufr_r&SdcJhonfhtay: a&m *gumuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif &Guf&eftwGuf vdktyfonfh aq; 0g;rsm;ESifh usef;rm;a&;0efxrf;t csKd@udk a&m*gjzpfyGm;&ma'oodk@ ydk@ aqmif&ef pDpOfv#uf&Sdonf[k od &onf? a&m*gpwifjzpfyGm;csdef rSpI q,f&uftwGif; vl 300 ausmf ul;pufccH &hJ +yD; ,cktcsed x f d wveD;yg;&Sdae+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; aoqHk;r_ r&Sdao;bJ vlemrsm;rSm ESm&nf,jkd cif;/ vnfacsmif;emjcif;/ acsmif;qd;k jcif;/ rsuv f ;kH eDjcif;/ ud, k f ylcsdeft&rf;wufjcif;ESifh acgif;t &rf;udkufcJjcif; ponhfa0'emrsm; ud k o m cH p m;ae&onf [ k od & onf? Ô
tdi k ' f y D D &efyakH iG&mS azGyJG usif;y+yD;pD; atmufwdkbm 11&uf? apmausmfcGd (autdkifpD) u&ifppfajy;'kuQonf rsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;Edkifa&;twGuf &efyHkaiG&SmyGJwckudk =opa=w;vsm; Ed k i f i H / qpf ' eD ò rd Œ (Villawood Senior Citizenship Hall) Y atmufwdkbmv 10&ufae@/ rGef; vGJ 3em&DrS 7em&Dtxd usif;yðy vkyfcJh=u&m vlxky&d\wf 300 eD;yg; wufa&mufcJh=uonf? xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd td;k tdrrf Jh &Gmyke;f &Gma&Smif jynfwiG ;f 'kuQonfrsm;t& &efykHaiG &SmazGyJG udk =opa=w;vsm;a&muf u&if tzG@J tpnf;(ataubd)k u }uD;rSL; usif;ycJhjcif;jzpf+yD; obmywdjzpf ol atautdk OuUX apmvGiOf ;D u ,ckvdk rdef@cGef;ajymqdkcJhonf? “etz&J @ rsKd ; ðzwf p pf qifa&;a=umifh e,fpyftoD;oD;udk xGuaf jy;ae=u&wJu h &if'u k o Q nf OD;a&[m wpfoef;xuf renf;&Sd ae+yD; ql'efEdkifiH/ 'gzm;rSm jzpfae wJ@ vl@tcGit hf a&; csK;d azmufra_ wG eJ@ E_dif;,SOf&if u&if'kuQonfawG &J@ tajctae[m tifrwefrS qdk; &Gm;aeygw,f”[k qdkonf? ‚if;tjyif olu “usaemf
ukvpm;eyf&u d mQ ±H;k AH;k cGc J & H vl(5)OD; aoqH;k
Photo-Saw Kyaw Kweh
tdkif'DyDrsm;twGuf =opa=w;vsm;rS &efyHkaiG&SmazGyGJ tqdkyg&efyHkaiG&SmyGJwGif vma&mufy;l aygi;f vkyaf qmif=uwm wdk@taeeJ@ ukvor*~udk wifjy wdkufwGef;csifwmu vl@tcGifht azsmaf jza&;tpDtpOftjyif tpm; udkjrifawmh tifrwefrS 0rf;omrd a&;aumfr&SifzGJ@+yD; etzppftpdk;& taomufrsm;/ tcsKd&nfrsm;/ Al; ygw,f”[k ajymqdkcJhonf? atautd k t zG J @ tae &J@ vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_awG oGyftpm;tpmrsm;/ pGyfðywfrsm; udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;+yD; Edik if w H umqdik f a&mif;cscJh=u+yD; EdkifiHjcm;{nfhonf ESihf ,ckvkd oD;oef@&efyakH iG &SmazGyGJ &m &mZ0wfr_w&m;±kH;udk wifzdk@ rsm;/ r[mrdwftzGJ@tpnf;rsm; udk ,ckESpftwGif; ESpf}udrfðyvkyf óud;yrf;oGm;zdk@/ 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHk ud k , f p m;ðyud k , f p m;vS , f r sm;/ EdkifcJh+yD; u&ifESpfopful;yGJawmf tajccHOya'ESifh usif;yoGm;rnfh ta0;a&muf u&iftrsKd;om;rsm; usif;y&mrS &&Sdvmonfh &efyHkaiG rsm;udkvnf; jynfwGif;u&if'kuQ 2010a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tod wufa&muftm;ay;=uonf? &ef y H k a iG y J G o d k @ wuf onfrsm;twGuf tvsif;oifho trSwfrðya&;/ oHk;zGifhqdkif aphpyf aq;aEG;a&; jzpfay:vma&; etz a&mufvmonfh apmwmrvma*g vdk ulnDay;r_rsm;&Sda=umif; od& udk ydkrdkzdtm;ay;zdk@ wdkufwGef;csifyg u “'DyGJrSm vltawmfrsm;rsm;u onf? Ô w,f”[k qufvufajymqko d nf? pdwfa&mudk,fyg wufwufºuGºuG
oH;k ¹r$myl;rS &ifcsif;qufnt D r cGp J w d +f yD;pD; &ef u k e f ò rd @ / '*H k ò rd @ e,f jynfaxmifp&k yd o f mvrf;&Sd uav; aq;±Hk}uD;rS touf wpfESpfESifh q,fvt&G,f pdkajyvif;ESifh pdkajy 0if;trnf&Sd &ifcsif;quf t¹rGmnD trESpfOD;udk atmufwdkbmv 10 &ufae@u atmifjrifpGm cGJpdyfEkdifcJh a=umif; od&onf? xdkae@ eHeuf(6)em&DcGJ wGif uav;cGJpdwf q&m0ef}uD; yg armuQXmerSL; a'guw f mOD;xl;[ef ESifh wGJzufygarmuQ a'gufwma': at;at;wdk@u OD;aqmifI ‚if;t ¹rGmnDtrESpOf ;D udk oef@&iS ;f r_/ ESv;kH ckeEf e_ ;f / aoG;vnfywfEe_ ;f trsK;d rsK;d udk prf;oyfjcif;ESifh vdktyfaom
aq;xdk;r_rsm;udk ðyvkyfcJh=uonf? csKyfum arhaq;ajzay;cJh+yD; rGef;vGJ eH e uf (9)em&D t csd e f (1;15)em&DwGif cGJpdwfr_rSm atmif wG i f uav;ES p f O D ; . xd u yf a e jrifpGm +yD;qHk;cJhonf? aom &ifcsif;quf &ifacgif;ae&m ,if;odk@ pwkwˆt}udrf udk aq;vdrf;um aq;puULyg;v$m ajrmuf &ifcsi;f quf t¹rGmuav; uyfay;jcif;rsm;ðyvkyf+yD; arhaq; cGJpdyfr_udk umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme jzifh arharsmaeonfh uav;ESpfOD; rS 'k w d , Ad k v f c sKyf } uD ; jrif h a qG / udk xyfrpH rf;oyfum touftE W usef ; rma&;0ef } uD ; a'guf w m &m,frjzpfatmif (10;10)em&D ausmfjrifhESifh !$ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyf tcsdefwGif wqifhcsif; cGJpdwfay;cJh rsm;ESifhtwl wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u onf? wd k u f ± d k u f ± k y f j rif o H = um; quf ,if;okd@ cGJpdwf&mwGif oG,fjyor_jzifh =unfh±_cJh=uonf? uav;ESpfOD;.tonf;rSm wckESifh rGefjynfe,f/ rk'Hkòrd@e,f wck xdpyfaejcif;a=umifh cufcuf bJ & rf ; aus;&G m ae vuf o rm; cJcJ jyefvnfoGif;ay;cJh+yD; cE<m OD;omòrdif.ZeD; a':at;at;oif; udk,f&ifacgif; tom;rsm;udk jyef rSm ,refESpf Zefe0g&D (1)&ufae@ &ifcsif;quf t¹rGmnD trESpfOD;tm; rcGJpdyfcif awG@&pOf
u&ifowif;pOf/
eHeuf(4;30) em&DtcsdefwGif om; a,musfm;av; Om%fomrif;udk OD;pGmarG;zGm;cJh+yD; em&D0ufcef@t =umwGif ,ck &ifcsi;f qufnt D pfr udk rk'Hkaq;±HkwGif AdkufcGJarG;zGm;cJh jcif;jzpfonf? arG;zGm;t+yD;wGif rk'kH rS armfvòrid af q;±Ho k @kd yd@k aqmifc&hJ m Om%fomrif;tm; bDydk;awG@&SdI aoG;vJc&hJ +yD; t¹rGmnDtrESpOf ;D udk rl &efukef uav;aq;±Hk}uD;odk@ ydk@ aqmifcJhonf[k od&onf? OD;omòrdifESifh a':at; at;oif;wd@k wiG f ,ck &ifcsi;f quf nDtpfr oHk;¹rGmyl; tygt0if om; orD; 7OD; &Sdonf? www.baymyanmar.com
atmufwdkbmv/
2009 ckESpf?
atmufwdkbmv 6&uf? (autdik pf )D ygupP w ef E d k i f i H tpP vmrfrmbwfòrdŒ&Sd urBmhukvo r*~pm;eyf&duQmtpDtpOf ('AvsL tufzfyD) taqmufttHk±Hk;wGif ,ck atmufwdkbmv (5)&ufae@ wGif taocHAHk;cGJwdkufcdkufr_wck jzpfyGm;cJh&m 0efxrf; (5)OD;xufr enf; aoqHk;+yD; (5)OD; '%f&m&&SdcJh onf[k od&onf? AHk;cGJwdkufcdkufolonf ‚if;. wudk,fvHk;Y (8)aygifcef@&Sd onfh azmufcGJa&;ypPnf;rsm;udk wyfqifI ('AvsLtufzfyD)t&m &SdwOD;uJhokd@ [efaqmifum vHkòcH a&;0wfpkH 0wfqifxm;+yD; urBmu h k vor*~ pm;eyf&duQmXmecsKyft wG i f ; taocH 0 if a &muf I AH k ; azmufcGJ wdu k cf u kd cf jhJ cif; jzpfonf? tqdkyg wdkufcdkufr_ESifh ywfoufI urBmhukvor*~t axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf rpPwm befuDrGef;u tar&duefEdkifiH *sif eDzmòrdŒY usif;yðyvkyfonfh ukv or*~ a=u;eef;nDvmcHzGifhyGJwGif ,ckvdk ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf? olu “'Dwdkufcdkufr_udk usaemf tjyif;xefq;kH jypfwif±w _ f csygw,f? 'g[m ukvor*~tjyif ygupPwefrSm&SdwJh vlom;pmemr_ qdkif&m vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGuf vnf ; wu,f u d k a=uuG J p &m aumif;wJh tjzpfqdk;}uD;vnf; jzpf ygw,f? ygupPwefEikd if rH mS r&Sq d if;
&Jom;awG iwfrw G f acgi;f yg;olawG eJ @ ab;'k u Q a &muf a e=uwJ h o l awGudk rem;rae ulnDaqmif&Guf =uwJhtcsdefrSm tckvdk AHk;cGJwdkuf cdkufvdkufwm[m tifrwef &uf puf=urf;ñuwfwJh &mZ0wfr_}uD; udk usL;vGev f u kd w f mygy”J [k ajym qdkonf? AH k ; azmuf c G J r _ a =umif h tqdkygukvpm;eyf&duQm±Hk;. t aqmufttHk t0if0ESifh {nfhcef;r aqmifvnf; ysufpD;oGm;a=umif; ESifh wHcg;rsm; ysufpD;a=urGoGm;cJh a=umif; 'AvsLtufzyf . D ajymcGihf &yk*~dKvf t,f*smh*srm;u ajym onf? vlom;csif;pmemr_t wGuf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; ao qHk;oGm;ol ukvor*~tr_xrf; rsm;xJwGif ygupPwefEdkifiHom; 4OD;ESifh tD&wf EdkifiHom; 1OD;jzpf+yD; ‚if;wdk@onf ol&Jaumif;rsm;jzpf onf[k 'AvsLtufzfyD. tr_ aqmif !$ef=um;a&;rSL; *sKd;Zufp &m;uvnf; a=unmcsuf wapmif xkwfjyefcJhonf? wdkufcdkufr_ jzpfyGm;cJh aomfvnf; urBmhukvor*~ pm; eyf&duQmtpDtpOf ('AvsLtufzf yD)taeESifh ygupPwefEdkifiHtwGif; 'kuQa&mufaeonfh vlOD;a& 10 oef;cef@udk pm;eyf&duQmrsm; quf vufaxmufyo hH mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; od&onf?
Ô u&if&Gmol}uD;wOD; '%f&mjyif;xefrS tqufæ ,if;od@k rSm;,Gi;f ypfcwf &drfonfhtwGuf ntdyf&mwGif r_a=umifh touf34ESpft&G,f&Sd ,ckvdk ac:xm;avh&Sda=umif;ESifh k @kd vyk af qmifra_ =umifh rSm;,Gi;f rJZvd&Gmvl}uD;rSm b,fzufajc xdo axmufudk av;csufxdrSefcJhojzihf ypfcwfr_ jzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfonfh[k ajczaemifhxdrSefum aygif;rSm usKd; a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf? xdkae@ nae 3em&D;cJG a=uoGm;cJhaomfvnf; ppfa=umif; rSL;u aq;±kHodk@ vdkufvHydk@aqmif wGif jrefrmppfwyf cr& (356) ay;jcif; r&Sb d J av#maf =u;aiGtjzpf wyf&if; ppfa=umif;(1)tm; au jrefrmusyfaiG (15˜000)om ay; tJet f ,fvaf t wyf&if;(16) wyf um udk,fhenf;udk,fh[efjzihf aq; cGJ(2)rS wyf=uyf}uD; apmxD;axmh OD;pD;tzG@J u ajymufusm;wdu k yf w JG ukocdkif;cJhonf“[k od&onf? a'ocH w OD ; u “ppf }udrf qifEGJcJhaomfvnf; ,if;tpD a=umif;rSL;u ay;wJhavsmfa=u;eJ@ tpOfudk jrefrmppfwyfbufrS óud dS m;jzifh xdcu dk 'f %f&m&r_ yJ rJZvd&Gmom;awGu olwdk@&Gm wifo&d x vl}uD;udk vmxrf;oGm;+yD; rJZvd r&SdcJhay? cr& (355)wyf&if;rsm; uae rdkif(20) tuGmta0;&SdwJh bk&m;oH;k qlaq;±ku H kd yd@k vu kd w f ,f? onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrdŒ/ teef; 'gayr,hf '%f&mu jyif;xef+yD; uGif;aus;&GmwGif tajcpdkufonfh touftE W&m,f&Sdawmh &yfrd&yf puc(12) vufatmufcH ppfAsL zawG tultnDeJ@ xdkif;EdkifiH/ uef pm(2)wGif vufatmufcHwyf&if; csebl&Du zmh[Gefaq;±kH}uD;udk ydk@ rsm;jzpf=u+yD; ‚if;wdk@teuf cr& (356)wyf z G J @ onf autJ e f vkduf&w,f”[k qdkonf? ,cktcsdefonf jrefrm t,f v f a t. csKH c d k w d k u f c d k u f r _ ppfwyfonf u&if&Gmwpf&Gmodk@ a=umihf tustqHk; trsm;qHk;jzpf 0ifv#if &Gmvl}uD;rsm; autJef,l onf? Ô ESifh tquftoG,fvkyfrnfudk pdk;
pmrsufESm 11
"mwfyr kH w S w f rf;
xki d ;f ppfwyfEi S hf 'DaubDat wyfz@JG wd@k =um; wif;rmr_ acwWjzpfymG ;cJh atmufwdkbmv 10&uf? apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) autJef,l/ wyfr[m (7)e,fajrESifh qufpyfaeonfh xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfae&mrsm;wGif xdkif;ppfwyfESifh wdk;wufaomAk'< bmom u&if t rsKd ; om;wyf r awmf ('DaubDat)wyfzGJ@wdk@t =um; vGefcJhonfhESpf&ufu ESpf zufwif;rmr_jzpfyGm;cJh+yD; 'DaubD atu e,fpyfoGm;vma&;udk t enf;i,f uef@owfvdkufonf? atmuf w d k b mv(2) &ufae@wGif 'kAkdvfrSL}uD;vdkufodef@ OD;aqmifaom 'DaubDat (999) rS wyf&if;(7)wyfzGJ@u xdkif;EdkifiH wmhcfc±dkif/ xmhaqmif,ef;òrdŒe,f twGif;odk@ ul;vm+yD; qGJrdkif;rsm; vma&mufaxmifxm;cJah oma=umihf ,if;uJhodk@ wif;rmr_rsm; jzpfay: vm+yD; atmufwdkbm 4&ufae@ wGif xdkif;bufjcrf;rS 'DaubDat . &duQmwifoGif;r_udk pwifwm; jrpfcJhonf? xdktajctaetay: 'D aubDatbufrSvnf; xdkif;&Gm om;rsm; jrefrmbufurf;odk@ 0if xGufoGm;vmr_rsm;udk atmufwdk bmv 8&ufae@u wefjyefydwf yifvdkufjcif;jzpfonf[k e,fpyft ajctaeudk apmihf=unhfaeonfh
u&iftrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; wyf r awmf ( autJ e f t ,f a t) wyf&if;(22)rS 'kwyf&ifrSL;AdkvfrSL; apm'Du h , G u f ,ckvkd ajymonf? ‚if;u “'Dv (2)&uf ae@u 'DaubDatawG xdkif;buf udk ul;+yD;awmh Edkbdk;&Gmom;awG&J@ oGm;a&mufvrf;udk qGJrdkif;(4)vHk; vm axmifxm;cJhwJhudpPeJ@ ywf ouf+yD;awmh xkdif;u awmfawmf av; rausrat;jzpfcJhw,f? tJ'g a=umihf xdkif;ppfwyfuvnf; 'Dv (4) &ufae@uaep+yD; 'DaubDat wyfzGJ@awG&J@ &duQmwifoGif;r_udk ydwfypfvdkufonf? 'DaubDat uvnf; xdik ;f bufjcrf;u &Gmom; awGudkvnf; jrefrmbufjcrf;udk oGm;cGifhray;awmhbl;? jrefrmjynf u &Gmom;awGuv kd nf; xdik ;f buf jcrf;udk vmcGifhray;awmhbl;”[k ajymonf? xdka'owGif v_yf&Sm; aeaom 'D a ubD a t(999)rS wyf & if ; rS L ; 'k A d k v f r S L ;}uD ; vd k u f odef@u “usaemfwdk@ 'Dvdkvkyf&wJh ta=umif;&if;u acgif;aygif;jym (autJet f ,fvaf t)wyfz@JG 0ifawG jzwfoGm;jzwfvmrsm;vdk@ usaemf wdk@ vkyf&wmyg”[k autdkifpDudk ajymonf? tqd k y gud p P E S i h f ywf
oufI xdkif;ppfwyfrS wm0ef&Sdol rsm;ESihf 'DaubDatwyfzGJ@rS wm 0ef&Sdolwdk@u jr0wDòrdŒe,f/ a&$ uk u U d K aus;&G m &S d 'D a ubD a t (999)AsL[mXmecsKyfwGif ,ref ae@u aqG;aEG;r_rsm; vkyfaqmifcJh +yD; ,ae@reufrSpI ESpfzufe,f pyf 0ifxu G o f mG ;vmaeonfh xdik ;f &Gmom;rsm;udk 'DaubDatwyf rsm;u "gwfyHk±kduf,l+yD;rSom oGm; cGiðhf yonf[k ud, k w f ikd o f mG ;vmae onhf xdkif;&Gmom;rsm;u ajym onf? touf 60t&G , f & S d trnf r azmf v d k o l Ed k b d k ; &G m ol trsKd ; orD ; }uD ; wOD ; u “ol w d k @ rvmcifwkef;u tbGm;wdk@ oGm; vmaeusyJ? b,facG;rSra[mif bl;? tckusrS "gwfyHk±kduf+yD;rSoGm; vdk@&w,f? "gwfyHkr±kduf&if awmif ,mudk vH;k 0 oGm;vd@k r&bl? awmif ,mu [k d b uf u rf ; rS m &S d a wmh roGm;&if xrif;iwfr,f? oGm; awmhvnf; acgif;aygif;0g('DaubD at)udk a=umuf&? awmif,mxJ rSmvnf; rdkif;AHk;a=umuf&eJ@”[k autdkifpDudk ajymonf? xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H b uf j crf ; &S d aus;&G m rsm;rS &G m om;trsm;pk onf ,cifuwnf;u jrefrmEdik if H bufjcrf;wGif v,f,m/ awmif
,m/ ajymif;+cHESihf ajryJ+cHrsm; oGm; a&mufvkyfudkifae=u+yD; ,ckvdk xdik ;f e,fjcm;apmihw f yfEiS fh 'DaubD atwdk@t=um; jzpfyGm;cJhonfh jy \emonf tjypfrJh &Gmom;rsm; ESihf roufqdkifaoma=umihf 'Dau bDat. vkyf&rSm vHk;0 t"dy`g,f r&S d a =umif ; Ek d b d k ; &G m ol w OD ; u aumufcsufcsonf? ,ckv tapmif;ydkif;u vnf; 'kAdkvfrSL;}uD;apmzdk;uvd OD;aqmifaom 'DaubDat wyfr [m(999) wyf&if;(5)tzGJ@onf rJhw&D&Gmom;rsm;. pufavSESpf pif;udk ‚if;wdk@a&ydkifeufbufjcrf; od@k ta=umif;rJh ,laqmifomG ;cJ&h m rS ,cktcsdefxd ydkif&Sif&Gmom;rsm; xH jyefvnftyfESHjcif; r&Sdao; a=umif; &Gmom;rsm;u ajymqdkae =uonf? xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd rJhw&D/ rJhoa0g/ Edkbdk;/ tl;ol;x/ wdkxmh/ rJhtlpl/ xD;eDckd ponfhaus; &Gmrsm;onf ZGev f tapmif;ydik ;f u etz 'DaubDat yll;aygif;wyfwdk@ . xdk;ppfa=umihf zm;tHc±kdif/ v_dif; bGJESihf ydkifusKHòrdŒe,frS a'ocHu&if &Gmom; 4˜000 ausmf vma&mufcdk v_Hv#uf&Sdonfh xdkif;bufurf;rS aus;&Gmrsm;jzpfonf? Ô
autJe, f l wyfr[m(7)wGif etzppfwyfrsm; v_y& f mS ;r_&v dS m atmufwdkbmv 8&uf? apmodef;jrifh(autdkifpD) autJ e f , l w yf r [m (7)e,f a jr/ yd k i f u sKH ò rd Œ e,f w G i f etz ppf w yf wyf r (22)vuf atmufcHwyf&if;rS ppfa=umif; rsm;onf ,ckv tapmydkif;rSpI v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; pwifvyk af qmifvm onf [ k u&if t rsKd ; om;vG w f ajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (autJef t,fvfat)u ajymonf? autJ e f t ,f v f a t wyf&if; (22)'kwyf&if;rSL; AdkvfrSL; AdkvfrSL;apm'DuG,fu“+yD;cJhwJh 45&uf tawmtwG i f ; rS m cr& (208)wyf&if;u ppfa=umif;(1)eJ@ (2)pwifv_yf&Sm;vmwmudk us aemfwdk@ owdxm;rdw,f? usaemf wdk@ eJ@reD;ra0;rSm&SdwJh xD;wdkaumf &G m rS m qd k a&muf v mwm(3) cg awmif &Sd+yD;? t&ifwkef;u tJ'D&Gm txd a&mufavha&mufxr&Sdbl;? ppfa=umif;(2)uawmh w&Dzdk;uGD; bufrSm v_yf&Sm;aew,f? tck xufxdawmh odyfxl;jcm;wJh v_yf &Sm;r_awG rawG@ao;bl;”[k ajym
onf?
&onf?
,ckvkd zGiv fh if;&moDt pwGif etz ppfwyf. pwifv_yf &Sm;vmr_tay: autJef,l wGJ buftwGi;f a&;rSL;(1) Adv k rf LS ;apm vSaiGu “yxrtcsufu tJ'D*Gif udk e,fajrpdk;rdk;a&;twGuf 'Dau bDatawGudk olwdk@,Hkpm;vdk@r& awmhvdk@ wufvmwmjzpfr,f? bmjzpfvJqdkawmh 'DaubDatu tustqHk;rsm;awmh vltiftm; odyfr&Sdawmhbl;av? aemufw csufu tJ'DrSm&SdwJh olwdk@tzGJ@t wGuf wyftif;tm; vmjznfhwm vnf; jzpfEdkifw,f? tJ'De,f ajr [m ajymufusm;e,fajr jzpfwt hJ wGuf xdk;ppfqifzdk@uawmh rjzpf Edkifbl;”[k ajymonf? ‚if;e,fajronf +yD;cJhonfh ZGefvwkef;u etz ppfwyfESifh 'D aubDat wyfr[moH;k ck yl;aygi;f um autJef,ludk xdk;ppfqifcJh&m e,fajrrsm;jzpf+yD; xdk;ppfa=umifh a'ocHu&ifjynfol 4˜000 ausmf xdkif;EdkifiH/ wmhcfc±dkif/ xmhaqmif ,ef;òrdŒe,fodk@ xGufajy;cdkvH_cJh=u
tqdkyge,fajrudk jref rmppfwyfESifh 'DaubDatyl;aygif; wyfwdk@ odrf;ydkufEdkifcJh+yD;aemuf 'D aubDatwyfzGJ@rsm;om tajccs v_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sd&m ,ckvdk zm;tH òrdŒwGif tajcpdkufonfh wyfr(22) vuf a tmuf c H w yf & if ; rS ppf a=umif;rsm; pwifv_yf&Sm;vmjcif; onf &nf&G,fcsufwckcka=umifh v_y&f mS ;jcif;jzpfEikd af =umif; autJef ,l zm;tHc±kid /f ydik u f sKòH rdŒe,f OuUX y'dkapmbmwDzdk;u ajymonf? autJef,l wyfr[m (7)e,fajrudk jrefrmppfwyfESifh 'D aubDatyl;aygif;wyfwdk@ (5)v =um odrf;ydkufEdkifcJh+yD;jzpfaomf vnf; 'DaubDatwyfzGJ@0ifrsm; onf autJefv,fvfat wyfzGJ@ 0ifrsm;. csKcH w kd u kd cf u kd rf _ r=umc% AHk;aygufuGJr_rsm;a=umifh xdcdkuf '%f&m&r_rsm;ESihf &ifqdkifae&qJ jzpfonf? ‚if;wyfr[m (7)e,f ajrwGif ZGefvrS pufwifbmv ukeftxd 'DaubDatwyfzGJ@0if
u&ifowif;pOf/
2009 ckESpf?
Photo-Saw Kyaw Kweh
Photo-Saw Kyaw Kweh
Photo-Saw Kyaw Kweh
rsm;rS (117)OD;aoqHk;/ 316OD; xd cdkufum 28OD; autJef,lxHodk@ vma&mufyl;aygif;+yD; jrefrmppf wyfbufrS 18OD;aoqHk;/ 28OD; xd ckduf'%f&m&&Sda=umif; autJef,l wyfr[m(7)XmecsKyf. rSwfwrf; rsm;t& od&onf? 'DaubDat wyfzGJ@0if rsm;onf ‚if;tajctaersm;ESifh &ifqikd af e&ojzifh xdik ;f &Gmom;rsm; u autJeft,fvfat wyfzGJ@0if rsm;ESifh tquftoG,fvkyfonf [k owf r S w f u m +yD ; cJ h o nh f atmufwdkbmv 2&ufae@wGif xdkif;EdkifiHbufjcrf;odk@ ul;vm+yD; qGJrdkif;rsm; vma&mufaxmifxm; onhf[k xdkif;&Gmom;rsm;. ajym jycsuft& od&onf? 'DaubDat wyfr[m (7)e,fajrwGif 'DaubDatwyfr [m (555)/ (999) vufatmufcH wyf&if;rsm;ESihf autJef,l wyf r[m(7)vufatmufcH wyf&if; rsm;u v_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sd+yD; etz ppfwyfrsm;u ,ckv tapmif;ydik ;f rS pwif v_yf&Sm;vmjcif;jzpfonf?
atmufwdkbmv
tdi k ' f y D & D efya kH iG&mS azGonfh uZmwfazsmfajzyGE J i S hf tm;ay;=unf± h o _ l =opa=w;vsm;a&muf u&ifvr l sKd;rsm;
u&ifjynfe,f/ zmyGec f ±di k & f dS jynfwi G ;f u&ifvx l r k sm;tm; wkya f uG;a&m*g ynmay;r_Ei S hf aq;ukor_rsm; ðyvkya f epOf
pmrsufESm 12
Photo-BPHWT
Photo-BPHWT