Kermagmc ämnðlgpiv Dæn_rsiþ

Women and Economic Development

KeRmagmC ÄmNÐlGPiv DÆn_RsIþ éf¶TI 11 Ex kBaØa

Where are women in the economy of Cambodia?

Women in the Economy High female participation in waged employment and in enterprises: • • • • •

44% in industry 49% of workers 36% in services 50% in agriculture 62% of all private business

Peace, political stability and social order

Fighting Corruption

Legal and Judicial Reform

f o noi t ar get nI eht ot ni ai dob ma C dl r o w eht dna noi ger

Good Governance Public Administration Reform

Armed Forces Reform

Favorable macroeconomic and financial environment

Capacity Building and Human Resource Development Fostering Gender Equity

Private Sector Development and Employment Generation

RGC committed to “continuing to work to strengthen the substantive participation of women at all levels”

Enhancement of the Agricultural Sector

Partnership in development

Further Rehabilitation and Construction of Physical Infrastructure

The Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency

Ministry of Women’s Affairs’ Vision • To invest in market oriented training programs and enterprise development services, delivered through rural Women’s Development Centers. • Focus on displaced garment industry and returning migrant workers and rural women. • To invest in the establishment of an Advanced Centre for Women • To integrate gender considerations in Cambodia’s Economic Policies and Programmes Trade Action Plan, Agricultural and Rural Programmes, Labor Code and HRD Policies, and recognition of vital role of MSME sector and the informal economy

Ministry of Women’s Affairs’ Vision • Enhance international competitiveness, especially in the garment sector • Issues related to the social impact of trade sector development we need to keep in mind. . . – Trade and employment creation: social consequences of high youth unemployment – Pro-poor trade: poor have little access to jobs in growth industries – Gender and trade: low levels of literacy and education constrain economic opportunities for women; occupation groups highly segregated by sex

MoWA: Promoting women’s economic opportunities through advocacy and action at all levels . . .

• National policy formulation

Macro

Meso

• Sex-disaggregated statistics and gender analysis • Gender mainstreaming mechanisms

• Mainstreaming gender in line ministries • Advocacy for specific policies and programs

Micro

• Strategic action

An example: Silk Sector • Macro – DTIS 2007 – Stakeholder roundtable – Exchange of best practices

• Meso

– Collective buying platform – Showroom/clearing house

• Micro

– Production capacity and skills – Weaver communities – Costing, pricing, marketing and design skills – Business linkages

Integrated Women’s Development Centers

Business Skills Training

Market-oriented Skills Training

Mobile Training Unit

Facilitating Linkages to Markets

Common Facility Unit Formation of Associations

Micro Enterprise Development Skills & Human Resource Devel.

Life Skills Training

SocioCultural Empower

Access to Micro Credit Facilitating Linkages to MFIs

Women-friendly Environment

Functional Literacy Business Counseling & Support

Facilitating Savings & Credit Groups

Problems faced by Women in Micro enterprise • • • • • •

They are essentially invisible- Little support available Have little or no access to market, credit institutions, Lack of information, technology and support services Poor transport, water and electricity Illiteracy, low education and skills Work burden

The Enterprise Development Approach • Existing approaches to i.g.a. & MSME development promotion 1-skills training (WID Center) 2-Production focus 3-Product focus 4-Technology focus 5-Locality focus

• Limitations to these approaches No market demand →Not able to use skills to earn income → Not able to sell products that have been produce → Potential markets may be outside of the location

Future directions

Best quality mat producers

Scaling up support to WDCs • Current JFPR project covers 1 of 6 centers established in the mid-1990s and 1 new center, current UNDP project assisting 1 center • Three new centers were constructed in 2007 • Three more centers to be constructed in 2008 Additional resources needed to transform old centers and introduce market-led training and support in new centers

Project Area Siem Reap Women’s Development Center (New Facility)

Kompong Chhnang Women’s Development Center (Upgrading)

Phnom Penh Project Coordination Unit (MOWA)

• Goal The overall goal of this project is to reduce poverty by increasing access to services that support women’s social and economic empowerment.

Project Components A. WDC Facility Development and Upgrading (45%) C. MSE Development and Support

B. Life Skills and Advocacy Support (45%)

(25%)

D. Capacity Building and Project Management Support (40%)

Component A WDC Development and Upgrading

WDC Siem Reap

Outputs   WDC Kompong Chhnang

WDC Siem Reap (95% complete) WDC Kompong Chhnang (90% complete)

Component B

Life Skills and Advocacy Support Outputs   

Demand-driven programs and activities Community Resource Assessments in 30 villages 21 ‘Home Safety’ Workshops in 15 villages with 630 participants

Upcoming activities ‘Life Skills and Family Income Generation’ Workshops  ‘Domestic Skills’ Workshops  ‘Family Management Skills’ Workshops  ‘Women Worker Rights’ Workshops Total : 87 courses Participants: 2,431persons ( Men 44, Women 988 ) 

Community Resource Assessment Workshop in Kompong Chhnang, May 2007

Component C MSE Development and Support Outputs

‘Gender and Enterprise Workshops’ in 28 villages with 580 participants (49 men)  Formation of producer groups  



Mats: 48 groups in 10 villages with 483 members Bamboo baskets: 8 groups in 5 villages with 101 members

Product development and marketing     

Identification of designers and resource persons Improved handicraft production (9 men) Market testing of mats in the Phnom Penh Night Bazaar Investigation of market for bamboo handicrafts Product development on new design and marketing ( sedge mat and bamboo handicraft)

Upcoming activities  

Market opportunities identification and value chain analysis consultancy Preparation of Enterprise Development Action Plans for community

Component D: Capacity Building and Project Management Support Outputs 



Capacity building and mentoring support to MoWA Economic Development Department staff to support WDCs and PDWAs Capacity building and mentoring support for WDC and PDWA staff in Siem Reap and Kompong Chhnang:     

 ADB Review Mission with Project Team in Kompong Chhnang, February 2008

facilitation skills data gather and analysis facilitating community resource assessments facilitating gender and enterprise workshops facilitating home safety workshops

Project management support

Upcoming activities   

Continue capacity building and mentoring support linked to field activities Finalize the management structure of WDCs Develop plan for sustaining WDC activities upon project completion

Partnerships in advocacy and action LIne Ministries Private Sector

Donors

Educational Institutions

Increasing Women’s Economic Opportunities Financial Institutions Civil Society